一、半導體與電子元器件的聯系
電(dian)子(zi)(zi)元器件和半導體(ti)作為(wei)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)行(xing)業中的兩(liang)個重(zhong)要概念,它們(men)之(zhi)間不但(dan)有(you)著(zhu)密不可分的聯系(xi)。
半導體是一類基于半導體材料制造的電子元器件,它是構成電子元器件的重要組成部分之一。電子元器件是(shi)(shi)指各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)路器件(jian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)源器件(jian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)器件(jian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器件(jian)等多種組件(jian)的(de)(de)總稱。半(ban)導體器件(jian)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)(yuan)器件(jian)的(de)(de)關(guan)系是(shi)(shi)相互聯系的(de)(de),半(ban)導體器件(jian)不僅構成了電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)基礎單元(yuan)(yuan),還(huan)可以(yi)用(yong)來制造各種各樣的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子器件(jian)。
二、電子元器件和半導體有哪些區別
1、物理性質的區別
電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)元器(qi)(qi)件(jian)是(shi)指電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)系統中(zhong)能夠獨(du)立運行的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)基本(ben)功能模塊,其由多(duo)個(ge)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)元件(jian)組成,例如電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)感等(deng)。這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)元件(jian)都有其獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)性(xing)質(zhi),在電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路設計中(zhong)起著(zhu)不(bu)可(ke)或缺(que)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。而半導體是(shi)指具有介于導體和絕緣體之間的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導率(lv)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)。常見的(de)(de)(de)半導體材料包括硅、鍺、鎵等(deng)。半導體的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)性(xing)質(zhi)取決于其內部材料的(de)(de)(de)雜(za)質(zhi)摻雜(za)程度(du),且(qie)可(ke)以(yi)通過半導體器(qi)(qi)件(jian)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)PN結(jie)實現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)流的(de)(de)(de)控制。
2、應用范圍的區別
由(you)于電子(zi)(zi)元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件的(de)基本作用(yong)是(shi)實現各種電路(lu)的(de)功能(neng),因此應(ying)用(yong)范圍非常(chang)廣(guang)泛,在電力(li)、通訊、計(ji)算機等領域中都(dou)有(you)廣(guang)泛的(de)應(ying)用(yong)。半(ban)(ban)導(dao)體(ti)則主要應(ying)用(yong)于電子(zi)(zi)元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件中,例如電子(zi)(zi)管(guan)、晶體(ti)管(guan)、集成電路(lu)等。半(ban)(ban)導(dao)體(ti)材料的(de)出現,使(shi)得電子(zi)(zi)元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件的(de)制造(zao)和(he)應(ying)用(yong)有(you)了質的(de)飛躍,從而推動了電子(zi)(zi)產業的(de)發展。
3、組成方式的區別
電(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)器件的(de)(de)制造是(shi)通過獨立的(de)(de)物理(li)元(yuan)件的(de)(de)組(zu)合來實(shi)現,例如將電(dian)(dian)阻、電(dian)(dian)容、電(dian)(dian)感等(deng)元(yuan)件組(zu)合在(zai)一(yi)起形成RC電(dian)(dian)路(lu)。而(er)半導體器件則是(shi)將各(ge)種電(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)件封裝(zhuang)在(zai)同一(yi)塊半導體晶片上,并通過不同的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)連接實(shi)現電(dian)(dian)路(lu)功能(neng)。
4、工作原理的區別
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子元器(qi)件(jian)的(de)工作原理主要是(shi)(shi)通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子元件(jian)的(de)物理屬性實現(xian)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路功能(neng)。例如,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的(de)作用是(shi)(shi)阻礙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)流動,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容的(de)作用則是(shi)(shi)儲(chu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)。半導體(ti)器(qi)件(jian)則主要利(li)用材料能(neng)帶理論,通過摻雜、退火、曝光(guang)、腐蝕等(deng)多(duo)個工藝步驟制造出PN結和(he)MOS結等(deng)相(xiang)應器(qi)件(jian),并通過控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子的(de)躍(yue)遷實現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子流的(de)控制。