一、電動叉車用的是什么電池
電動叉車是指以電來進行作業的叉車,根據使用的電池不同可分為不同類型,一般電動叉車使用的電池有三種:
1、鉛酸電池
鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)叉車最傳統且常用(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)類型之一,它采用(yong)鉛板和硫(liu)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液,具(ju)有較低的(de)(de)能量(liang)密度和比能量(liang),但相對較低的(de)(de)成(cheng)本。鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)優點是成(cheng)熟、穩定,使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)長,同時(shi)可以循環充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)多次(ci)。然而,鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)存在重量(liang)大、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間長、自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)快等缺點,影響了電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)叉車的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)效率和續航(hang)能力(li)。
2、鋰電池
鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)作為新興(xing)的(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)技術,逐(zhu)漸在電(dian)動(dong)叉(cha)(cha)車(che)領域嶄露頭角。鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)較高(gao)的(de)能量密度(du)(du)和比能量,相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)于鉛(qian)酸電(dian)池(chi)(chi)而言,具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)更輕的(de)重量和更長的(de)使用時間。同時,鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)還具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)無記憶(yi)效(xiao)應、快速充(chong)電(dian)等優點(dian),可以有(you)(you)效(xiao)提高(gao)電(dian)動(dong)叉(cha)(cha)車(che)的(de)工作效(xiao)率。然而,鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)價格相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)較高(gao),使用過(guo)程中需(xu)要注意(yi)防止過(guo)度(du)(du)放電(dian)和過(guo)度(du)(du)充(chong)電(dian),以避免(mian)安全事故(gu)發生。
3、燃料電池
燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)也(ye)(ye)是電(dian)(dian)動叉車(che)中(zhong)的新興動力(li)源。燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)利(li)用氫氣和氧氣反應產(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng),無(wu)需充電(dian)(dian),只(zhi)需添加燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)即可。燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)具有快速充電(dian)(dian)、零排(pai)放等優點,能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)滿(man)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)動叉車(che)在(zai)長(chang)時間工作(zuo)和高強度工作(zuo)的需求。然而,燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)技術目前還不夠(gou)成熟(shu),相關設備和燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)供應鏈的建設也(ye)(ye)存在(zai)一(yi)定難度和成本(ben)。
二、鋰電池叉車比鉛酸電池叉車的優勢在哪
鋰(li)電池(chi)和鉛酸電池(chi)是電動叉(cha)車(che)使用(yong)比(bi)較多的兩種電池(chi),鋰(li)電池(chi)叉(cha)車(che)和鉛酸電池(chi)叉(cha)車(che)對比(bi)起來,主要優勢在于以(yi)下幾個(ge)方面(mian):
1、充電速度快
鋰(li)電(dian)池依靠(kao)自身的化學特性,滿(man)足更快的充(chong)電(dian)速度要求,從10%~100%充(chong)電(dian)時長(chang)只需(xu)2h。而(er)鉛酸電(dian)池從20%~100%充(chong)電(dian)時長(chang)需(xu)要8-10h。
2、充電無記憶
鋰電池叉車的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)無記(ji)憶(yi)特性使得電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)能夠進行(xing)隨(sui)機(ji)、間(jian)(jian)歇充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian),而不影響壽命(ming),使用(yong)者(zhe)可以(yi)高效的利(li)用(yong)工(gong)歇和休息(xi)時間(jian)(jian)進行(xing)電(dian)(dian)量補(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong),方便使用(yong)者(zhe)進行(xing)工(gong)作統籌(chou)。鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)有充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)記(ji)憶(yi),如進行(xing)隨(sui)機(ji)或間(jian)(jian)歇充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian),嚴重損害電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi),縮短電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)壽命(ming),因此一般需要20%-100%滿(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)放,定期進行(xing)均(jun)衡充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。
3、使用壽命長
鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池平(ping)均1200次(ci)(作業時(shi)長約6000h)的循環(huan)壽命,磷酸(suan)鐵鋰(li)電(dian)池則有著4000+次(ci)(作業時(shi)長約24000h)循環(huan)壽命。在實(shi)際使(shi)用(yong)中(zhong),磷酸(suan)鐵鋰(li)電(dian)池使(shi)用(yong)4000+次(ci)后仍擁有65%以上容量,而鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池使(shi)用(yong)1200次(ci)后容量不(bu)足50%。
4、放電溫度區間廣
在-20度(du)到60度(du)之間的(de)高溫(wen)或低溫(wen)狀(zhuang)態下,鋰(li)電池(chi)都具備(bei)良好的(de)放電性能,在-20度(du)的(de)情況下,鋰(li)電池(chi)的(de)放電效率為80%~90%,而(er)鉛(qian)酸電池(chi)放電效率不(bu)足30%。