一、壓縮空氣儲能原理是什么

壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮空氣(qi)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)主(zhu)要利用(yong)電(dian)網負荷低谷時的剩余電(dian)力壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮空氣(qi)，并(bing)將其儲(chu)(chu)藏在(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)密封(feng)設施(shi)內(nei)，在(zai)用(yong)電(dian)高峰(feng)釋放出來驅動燃氣(qi)輪機(ji)發(fa)電(dian)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮空氣(qi)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)原理如(ru)下：

壓縮空氣儲能是利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)負荷低谷(gu)時(shi)(shi)的(de)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)量，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶動空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，將(jiang)(jiang)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)入(ru)作為儲氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室的(de)密閉(bi)大容量地下空(kong)間，即將(jiang)(jiang)不可(ke)儲存的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉化成可(ke)儲存的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)勢能并儲存于貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室中(zhong)。當系(xi)(xi)統(tong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量不足時(shi)(shi)，將(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)經換(huan)熱器(qi)與油或天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)混合燃燒，導入(ru)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)做功發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)調峰(feng)需要。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室等組成的(de)蓄能子(zi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站低谷(gu)的(de)低價(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能通過壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)儲存在(zai)巖穴、廢棄礦井(jing)等貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室中(zhong)，蓄能時(shi)(shi)通過聯軸器(qi)將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和壓(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)耦合，與燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)解耦合。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)高峰(feng)負荷時(shi)(shi)，利用壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)燃燒驅動燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、燃燒室以及加熱器(qi)等發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)耦合，與壓(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)解耦合。

二、壓縮空氣儲能優缺點有哪些

1、壓(ya)縮(suo)空氣儲能(neng)主要優勢是規模大、壽(shou)命長(chang)、成本較低和儲能(neng)時間長(chang)。它的規模可以達(da)到(dao)百兆瓦級以上，儲能(neng)時間可達(da)4—10小時，甚至更(geng)長(chang)。由于(yu)都是機械裝置，正常(chang)維護情況下壽(shou)命可達(da)30—50年(nian)。

2、壓縮空氣儲能劣勢在于：

（1）目前壓縮空(kong)氣儲能的(de)效率(lv)約為70%，與效率(lv)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)電池（85%—90%）相(xiang)(xiang)比相(xiang)(xiang)對較(jiao)低。

（2）響(xiang)應(ying)(ying)速(su)度沒有電化(hua)學(xue)儲(chu)能(neng)快，負荷從0到(dao)100%的正常(chang)響(xiang)應(ying)(ying)時(shi)間需要3—9分鐘，而(er)電化(hua)學(xue)儲(chu)能(neng)為(wei)秒級到(dao)毫秒級。壓縮空氣(qi)儲(chu)能(neng)系統(tong)只有作為(wei)旋(xuan)轉備用時(shi)才可以達到(dao)秒級。

（3）一般情況下(xia)不適(shi)合(he)太小規模(mo)的應用場景(jing)，規模(mo)太小，系統效率會(hui)下(xia)降，單位成本會(hui)增加。