一、壓縮空氣儲能原理是什么

壓(ya)縮(suo)空氣(qi)儲能主要利(li)用(yong)電(dian)網負荷低谷時的(de)剩余(yu)電(dian)力壓(ya)縮(suo)空氣(qi)，并將其儲藏在高壓(ya)密封(feng)設施內，在用(yong)電(dian)高峰釋放出來驅動燃氣(qi)輪機發電(dian)，壓(ya)縮(suo)空氣(qi)儲能原理如下(xia)：

壓縮空氣儲能是利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)負(fu)荷(he)低谷時(shi)的剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)(dong)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機(ji)(ji)(ji)，將(jiang)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)入作為儲(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室的密閉大容量(liang)地下空(kong)(kong)間，即將(jiang)不可儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉化(hua)成可儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)的壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)勢能(neng)并儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)于貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室中。當(dang)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不足時(shi)，將(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)經換熱器(qi)與(yu)油或天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)混合燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)，導入燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)做功發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)調峰需要。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室等組(zu)成的蓄(xu)能(neng)子系(xi)(xi)統(tong)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)低谷的低價電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)通過壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)在巖穴(xue)、廢(fei)棄礦(kuang)井(jing)等貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室中，蓄(xu)能(neng)時(shi)通過聯軸器(qi)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和壓(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)耦(ou)(ou)(ou)合，與(yu)燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)解(jie)耦(ou)(ou)(ou)合。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)高峰負(fu)荷(he)時(shi)，利用壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)驅動(dong)(dong)燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)室以及加熱器(qi)等發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)耦(ou)(ou)(ou)合，與(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)解(jie)耦(ou)(ou)(ou)合。

二、壓縮空氣儲能優缺點有哪些

1、壓縮(suo)空(kong)氣儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)主要優勢(shi)是(shi)規(gui)模大、壽命長(chang)、成本較低和儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)時間長(chang)。它的規(gui)模可以達到百兆(zhao)瓦級以上，儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)時間可達4—10小時，甚至更長(chang)。由于(yu)都是(shi)機(ji)械裝置，正常維護情況下壽命可達30—50年(nian)。

2、壓縮空氣儲能劣勢在于：

（1）目前(qian)壓縮空(kong)氣儲能的(de)效率約為70%，與(yu)效率較高的(de)電池（85%—90%）相(xiang)(xiang)比相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)較低。

（2）響(xiang)應速(su)度(du)沒(mei)有電(dian)化(hua)學儲能快，負荷從(cong)0到(dao)100%的正常響(xiang)應時間需要(yao)3—9分鐘，而電(dian)化(hua)學儲能為秒級(ji)到(dao)毫秒級(ji)。壓縮空氣儲能系統只有作為旋(xuan)轉備用時才可以達(da)到(dao)秒級(ji)。

（3）一般情況下不適合(he)太(tai)小規(gui)模(mo)的(de)應用場景，規(gui)模(mo)太(tai)小，系統效率會下降，單位成(cheng)本會增加(jia)。