一、萬向節是什么?
萬(wan)(wan)(wan)向(xiang)節(jie)即(ji)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)向(xiang)接頭,英文名(ming)稱(cheng)universal joint,是實現變角度(du)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力傳(chuan)(chuan)遞的(de)(de)機(ji)件,用于(yu)需要改變傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)線方向(xiang)的(de)(de)位置,它(ta)是汽車(che)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統的(de)(de)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)向(xiang)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置的(de)(de)“關節(jie)”部(bu)件。萬(wan)(wan)(wan)向(xiang)節(jie)與(yu)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)組合,稱(cheng)為萬(wan)(wan)(wan)向(xiang)節(jie)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置。在(zai)(zai)前置發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)后輪(lun)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)車(che)輛上,萬(wan)(wan)(wan)向(xiang)節(jie)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置安裝在(zai)(zai)變速器輸(shu)(shu)出軸(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)橋(qiao)主減速器輸(shu)(shu)入軸(zhou)(zhou)之間;而前置發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)前輪(lun)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)車(che)輛省略了傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou),萬(wan)(wan)(wan)向(xiang)節(jie)安裝在(zai)(zai)既負責驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)又(you)負責轉向(xiang)的(de)(de)前橋(qiao)半軸(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)車(che)輪(lun)之間。
二、萬向節的結構及作用介紹
萬向節的結構和作用有點像人體四肢上的關節,它允許被連接的零件之間的夾角在一定范圍內變化。為滿足動力傳遞、適應轉向和汽車運行時所產生的上下跳動所造成的角度變化,前驅動汽車的驅動橋,半軸與輪軸之間常用萬向節相連。但由于受軸向尺寸的限制,要求偏角又比較大,單個的萬向節不能使輸出軸與輸入軸的瞬時角速度相等,容易造成振動,加劇部件的損壞,并產生很大的噪音,所以廣泛采用各式各樣的等速萬向節。在(zai)(zai)前驅(qu)動(dong)汽車上(shang),每個(ge)(ge)半(ban)軸用(yong)兩個(ge)(ge)等速萬向(xiang)節(jie)(jie),靠近變速驅(qu)動(dong)橋的萬向(xiang)節(jie)(jie)是(shi)半(ban)軸內側萬向(xiang)節(jie)(jie),靠近車軸的是(shi)半(ban)軸外側萬向(xiang)節(jie)(jie)。在(zai)(zai)后驅(qu)動(dong)汽車上(shang),發(fa)動(dong)機、離(li)合器與變速器作為一個(ge)(ge)整體安(an)裝在(zai)(zai)車架(jia)上(shang),而驅(qu)動(dong)橋通(tong)過(guo)彈性(xing)懸掛與車架(jia)連接,兩者之(zhi)間(jian)有一個(ge)(ge)距(ju)離(li),需(xu)要進行(xing)連接。
汽車運行中路(lu)面不(bu)平產生跳動(dong),負荷變化(hua)或者兩個總成安裝的(de)位差(cha)等,都會使得變速器輸(shu)出(chu)軸(zhou)與驅動(dong)橋主減速器輸(shu)入軸(zhou)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)夾角和距(ju)離(li)發(fa)生變化(hua),因此在后驅動(dong)汽車的(de)萬(wan)向節(jie)傳動(dong)形式都采用雙萬(wan)向節(jie),就是(shi)傳動(dong)軸(zhou)兩端各(ge)有一個萬(wan)向節(jie),其作(zuo)用是(shi)使傳動(dong)軸(zhou)兩端的(de)夾角相(xiang)等,從而(er)保(bao)證輸(shu)出(chu)軸(zhou)與輸(shu)入軸(zhou)的(de)瞬時角速度(du)始(shi)終(zhong)相(xiang)等。