一、電子束焊接機操作方法

1、啟動(dong)。在(zai)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)室內的(de)工(gong)件(jian)安(an)裝就(jiu)緒后，關(guan)閉(bi)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)，然(ran)后接通冷卻水，閉(bi)合總電源開關(guan)，按真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)操作(zuo)順序啟動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)擴(kuo)散泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)，待(dai)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)室內的(de)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)度達到預(yu)定植時(shi)便可進入施焊(han)階段(duan)，真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)操作(zuo)及注意事(shi)項(xiang)：真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)與(yu)大氣(qi)切斷(duan)而轉向(xiang)需要抽(chou)(chou)(chou)氣(qi)的(de)部件(jian)，擴(kuo)散泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)必(bi)須(xu)在(zai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)預(yu)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)達到一定的(de)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)度才能加熱，停止加熱后，必(bi)須(xu)待(dai)擴(kuo)散泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)完全冷卻下來(lai)才能關(guan)閉(bi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)，否則擴(kuo)散泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)的(de)油易被氧化，停止機(ji)(ji)(ji)械泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)前(qian)，必(bi)須(xu)先關(guan)閉(bi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)氣(qi)口的(de)閥門，使(shi)其(qi)與(yu)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)系統(tong)(tong)斷(duan)開，再(zai)與(yu)大氣(qi)接通，以免機(ji)(ji)(ji)械泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)進入真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)系統(tong)(tong)，真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)系統(tong)(tong)及工(gong)作(zuo)室內部應保持良好的(de)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)衛(wei)生，停止工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)必(bi)須(xu)保持其(qi)內部有一定的(de)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)度。

2、焊接(jie)(jie)。將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子槍的供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源接(jie)(jie)通，并逐漸升(sheng)高加(jia)速(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓使(shi)之達到所需(xu)數值(zhi)，然后相(xiang)應的調(diao)節燈絲電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)轟擊(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，使(shi)有適當小(xiao)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子束(shu)流(liu)射出，在(zai)(zai)工件上看到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子束(shu)焦(jiao)點(dian)，在(zai)(zai)調(diao)節聚集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子束(shu)的焦(jiao)點(dian)達到最佳狀態，假(jia)如焦(jiao)點(dian)偏(pian)離接(jie)(jie)縫(feng)，可調(diao)節偏(pian)轉線圈電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子槍橫向移(yi)動使(shi)其對中(zhong)，此(ci)時(shi)調(diao)節轟擊(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子束(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)達到預(yu)定數值(zhi)，按下(xia)啟(qi)動按鈕、工件按預(yu)定速(su)度移(yi)動，進入(ru)正常焊接(jie)(jie)過程。

3、停(ting)止(zhi)。焊接結(jie)束時，必須(xu)先逐漸減小(xiao)偏轉(zhuan)(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)壓使電(dian)(dian)子束焦點離開焊縫(feng)，然后(hou)把(ba)加(jia)速電(dian)(dian)壓降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)到(dao)零，并把(ba)燈絲(si)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及傳動裝置的電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)降(jiang)(jiang)到(dao)零值，此后(hou)切斷高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)、聚焦偏轉(zhuan)(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和傳動裝置電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，這樣(yang)就完(wan)成了(le)一次焊接，待工件冷卻后(hou)，按(an)真空操作(zuo)程(cheng)序(xu)從真空室中(zhong)取(qu)出工件。

4、安(an)全防(fang)護。高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)子束焊機的(de)(de)(de)(de)加速電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)可(ke)達150KV，防(fang)止高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)擊的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)護措施(shi)主要是針對人身安(an)全和(he)設備安(an)全，必須采取盡可(ke)能完(wan)善的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)和(he)防(fang)護措施(shi)，保證高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源和(he)電(dian)(dian)子槍有足夠(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)，耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)實驗應為(wei)額定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)1.5倍，設備外殼應接(jie)地良好，采用(yong)專用(yong)地線，接(jie)地電(dian)(dian)阻應小于3Ω，更(geng)換(huan)陰極組件或維修時，要切(qie)斷高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源，并(bing)用(yong)接(jie)地良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)棒接(jie)觸(chu)準備更(geng)換(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)零件或需要維修的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方，放完(wan)電(dian)(dian)才可(ke)以(yi)操作，焊工操作時應佩戴(dai)耐(nai)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)手(shou)套、穿絕(jue)緣(yuan)鞋。

5、電(dian)子束(shu)焊接時(shi)，約(yue)1%的(de)(de)(de)射線能(neng)量轉變(bian)為X射線輻(fu)射，因此必須加(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)X射線的(de)(de)(de)防護(hu)(hu)措施，加(jia)速(su)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低(di)于(yu)60KV的(de)(de)(de)焊機(ji)，一(yi)般靠(kao)機(ji)器外殼的(de)(de)(de)鋼板(ban)厚度來防護(hu)(hu)，加(jia)速(su)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高于(yu)60KV的(de)(de)(de)焊機(ji)，外殼應附加(jia)足夠厚度的(de)(de)(de)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)板(ban)加(jia)強(qiang)防護(hu)(hu)，電(dian)子束(shu)焊機(ji)在高壓(ya)(ya)下(xia)運行(xing)，觀(guan)察窗應選用鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)玻璃，鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)玻璃的(de)(de)(de)厚度可按相應的(de)(de)(de)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)當量選擇，對(dui)于(yu)高壓(ya)(ya)大功率電(dian)子束(shu)設備，可將高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)源(yuan)設備和抽氣裝(zhuang)置(zhi)與(yu)工作(zuo)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)室(shi)分開，焊接過程中不(bu)準(zhun)用肉(rou)眼觀(guan)察熔池(chi)，必要時(shi)應佩(pei)戴鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)玻璃防護(hu)(hu)眼鏡。此外，設備周圍應通風良好(hao)，工作(zuo)場所應安裝(zhuang)抽氣裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，以便(bian)將真空室(shi)排出的(de)(de)(de)油氣、煙塵等及時(shi)排除。

二、電子束焊機操作注意事項

1、焊接室(shi)環境應保(bao)(bao)持(chi)清潔，物品擺(bai)放(fang)整齊，空氣暢通，室(shi)溫(wen)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)在15-25℃，相對濕度≤70%。

2、檢查設備狀況(kuang)是否完好，無明(ming)顯異常情(qing)況(kuang)。

3、啟(qi)動三相穩(wen)壓(ya)電源，旋轉(zhuan)開關檢查輸出電壓(ya)是(shi)否平衡(heng)，指針(zhen)無擺動。

4、束焊機送電前(qian)應打開(kai)冷卻水和壓(ya)(ya)縮空氣閥(fa)門，觀察水壓(ya)(ya)（在(zai)壓(ya)(ya)力繼電器(qi)上）和氣壓(ya)(ya)表，壓(ya)(ya)力分別在(zai)0.15-0.25MPa和0.4-0.65MPa范圍內，冷卻水出口流量為(wei)2M3/h（根(gen)據(ju)實(shi)際冷卻效果(guo)可適當調整）。

5、真空泵啟動時(shi)觀察有無異常響聲(sheng)，如(ru)發現問題立(li)即停泵及時(shi)找維修人員處(chu)理。

6、焊接(jie)零件(jian)前，在各室建立高(gao)、低真空后，手動依次加(jia)柵(zha)偏、燈絲、陽(yang)極電壓(ya)，預(yu)熱10-15分(fen)鐘方可焊接(jie)零件(jian)，

7、設備在(zai)預熱期間檢查各指(zhi)示(shi)儀表(biao)（電壓(ya)、真(zhen)空）指(zhi)針(zhen)是否在(zai)規定紅(hong)線或紅(hong)線范圍內，發現(xian)異(yi)常應及時自查設備狀況(kuang)和找維修人員檢查修理。

8、熱(re)偶規(gui)上電(dian)(dian)后要檢查(cha)其加熱(re)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)指示是否在規(gui)定值，如偏離及時調(diao)整(zheng)電(dian)(dian)位器（RP111或RP112）。

9、更(geng)換控制板或集(ji)成(cheng)運(yun)放LM741，要切斷控制抽屜電(dian)源。

10、高壓控制(zhi)板、真空(kong)控制(zhi)板未經調(diao)試(shi)不得(de)隨意(yi)更換使(shi)用。

11、焊接工作中陰(yin)極燈(deng)絲(si)連續(xu)燒斷或電子槍外壁(bi)異常發熱時，應及時自查設備(bei)狀況和找(zhao)維修人員檢(jian)查修理。

12、分子(zi)泵過(guo)載報警時應立(li)即關(guan)閉分子(zi)泵電(dian)源，排除故(gu)障后方可再(zai)次啟(qi)動。

13、高真(zhen)空狀態下不得(de)開啟放氣閥(fa)。

14、更換陰極燈絲，應關閉焊機總電源。