附子的功效與作用
1、回陽救逆,用于亡陽證,癥見冷汗自出,四肢逆冷,脈微欲絕。主要是腎和心的陽氣絕。本品能上助心陽以通脈,下補腎陽以益火,挽救散失的元陽,為“回陽救逆第一品藥”。單用,力量不夠,常與干姜、甘草同用,以加強回陽救逆之功效,即四逆湯(干草、生姜降毒,殺附子毒,又增強回陽救逆效果,附子回陽較干姜遲緩,所以有的書講,干姜偏走,附子偏守)。臨床往往兼陽氣脫,若陽衰氣脫,大汗淋漓、氣促喘急者,這時僅回陽,對元氣虛脫沒有針對性,所以與大補元氣的人參配伍,以回陽固脫,即參附湯。
2、補火助陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),補火,就是(shi)補命門之(zhi)火,命門之(zhi)火就是(shi)人體的(de)元陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、腎(shen)(shen)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)于陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)證。本(ben)品能(neng)(neng)溫一身之(zhi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),凡陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)者(zhe)如(ru)腎(shen)(shen)、脾、心(xin)(xin)諸臟及衛陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)弱者(zhe)均適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。若腎(shen)(shen)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),腎(shen)(shen)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足,命門火衰,而(er)見(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)痿(wei)宮冷(leng),畏寒(han)身冷(leng),腰膝冷(leng)痛(tong),生長發育遲緩(huan),早衰;腎(shen)(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)主水而(er)水腫,小(xiao)便清長,夜尿頻多,遺尿者(zhe),每與(yu)(yu)肉(rou)桂(gui)、熟地、山茱萸等(deng)同用(yong)(yong)(yong),如(ru)桂(gui)附八味(wei)丸(wan)。腎(shen)(shen)主生殖,生殖、性(xing)功能(neng)(neng)降低(di)等(deng);腎(shen)(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)納(na)氣,呼吸(xi)急(ji)促,出(chu)多進少,虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)喘;腎(shen)(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)溫煦(xu)脾陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),脾腎(shen)(shen)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),腹瀉,久瀉不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)止,脾腎(shen)(shen)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),水氣內停,見(jian)小(xiao)便不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)、肢(zhi)體浮(fu)腫者(zhe),用(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)有(you)(you)助陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)氣之(zhi)功,常與(yu)(yu)健(jian)脾利(li)水藥白術、茯苓等(deng)同用(yong)(yong)(yong),如(ru)真武(wu)湯。心(xin)(xin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足,而(er)見(jian)心(xin)(xin)悸(ji)氣短、胸(xiong)痹心(xin)(xin)痛(tong)者(zhe),可(ke)與(yu)(yu)人參、桂(gui)枝等(deng)同用(yong)(yong)(yong)。衛陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)自汗(han)出(chu)者(zhe),可(ke)與(yu)(yu)黃芪、桂(gui)枝同用(yong)(yong)(yong)。但最(zui)有(you)(you)效有(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)是(shi)改善不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)溫煦(xu)形體。還有(you)(you)脾陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),寒(han)濕內盛(sheng)的(de)脘腹冷(leng)痛(tong),大便溏瀉,食欲(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)振,它脾腎(shen)(shen)雙補,常與(yu)(yu)黨參、白術、干姜同用(yong)(yong)(yong),如(ru)附子理中湯。心(xin)(xin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),輕(qing)的(de)自汗(han),心(xin)(xin)悸(ji)或胸(xiong)痹疼痛(tong),有(you)(you)寒(han)象,也可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong),和活血(xue)化(hua)瘀的(de)或溫心(xin)(xin)的(de)肉(rou)桂(gui)、桂(gui)枝配伍,另(ling)外,衛陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)固,自汗(han)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)止,與(yu)(yu)黃芪一起(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。
3、散寒止(zhi)痛(tong)(tong)(tong),即能溫(wen)中,又(you)能溫(wen)經。廣泛的(de)溫(wen)里散寒。溫(wen)中,用(yong)于胃寒,脾胃虛(xu)寒,也用(yong)于實證(zheng)的(de)寒邪過重,脘腹冷(leng)痛(tong)(tong)(tong);溫(wen)經,經脈受寒,出現的(de)冷(leng)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)、頭(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)用(yong),還有(you)類似于烏頭(tou)的(de)祛風(feng)濕的(de)作用(yong),對于風(feng)濕寒痹,尤其是(shi)兼陽虛(xu)的(de)它祛風(feng)濕,散寒止(zhi)痛(tong)(tong)(tong),但祛風(feng)濕不(bu)如(ru)烏頭(tou)。只要(yao)有(you)寒無(wu)論虛(xu)實均可(ke)用(yong)。實證(zheng)就(jiu)是(shi)溫(wen)里散寒止(zhi)痛(tong)(tong)(tong),虛(xu)癥就(jiu)是(shi)溫(wen)補(bu)陽氣。
附子的副作用有哪些
附(fu)子的(de)(de)副(fu)(fu)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)主要是針(zhen)對(dui)生附(fu)子而言的(de)(de)。因為生附(fu)子片含有好多種生物(wu)(wu)(wu)堿。在這(zhe)些引起副(fu)(fu)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)生物(wu)(wu)(wu)堿中是以烏(wu)頭堿為主的(de)(de)。相對(dui)于其他(ta)類(lei)型(xing)的(de)(de)生物(wu)(wu)(wu)堿而言,烏(wu)頭堿的(de)(de)毒性很(hen)大,即使經過多次稀釋后仍然存在一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)毒性。如果附(fu)子服用(yong)(yong)過量(liang)是會出(chu)現(xian)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)毒副(fu)(fu)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de),可能會出(chu)現(xian)惡心、手足發麻、心慌、嘔吐、呼(hu)吸緩(huan)慢、血(xue)壓(ya)下降(jiang)等問題。另外(wai),我們(men)大家一(yi)(yi)定(ding)要知道,附(fu)子的(de)(de)副(fu)(fu)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是非常(chang)的(de)(de)強烈(lie)的(de)(de),如果我們(men)大家經常(chang)過量(liang)地服用(yong)(yong)附(fu)子,那(nei)么還(huan)有很(hen)大的(de)(de)可能會導(dao)致我們(men)大家出(chu)現(xian)死亡的(de)(de)情況的(de)(de)。
附子的食用方法
1、附子粥
材料:制附(fu)子(zi)10克,炮姜15克,粳米(mi)100克。
做法(fa):二藥研為細末,每次用(yong)5克,與粳米加水煮粥食。亦(yi)可(ke)將二藥減半,煎水取汁,入粳米煮粥。
功效(xiao):源于《圣惠方》。本(ben)方以附子溫里散(san)寒、止(zhi)痛(tong),炮姜溫中(zhong)散(san)寒、止(zhi)瀉。這樣的(de)一道養生(sheng)保健的(de)粥品適合經常出現(xian)的(de)腹(fu)瀉腹(fu)痛(tong)的(de)問題,對(dui)于出現(xian)的(de)大便稀的(de)問題有(you)改善(shan)的(de)功效(xiao)和作用(yong)。
2、附片薏(yi)苡粥
材料:制附片10克,薏苡仁30克,粳米100克(ke)。
做法(fa):附片煎取(qu)汁,入(ru)薏苡仁、粳(jing)米,加(jia)水(shui)煮至粥熟。分2次(ci)食。
功效:本方以附(fu)片散寒止痛,和薏米仁搭配的(de)話(hua)可(ke)以有舒(shu)筋的(de)作(zuo)用,去除(chu)體(ti)內的(de)濕氣,而且也可(ke)以有緩解(jie)關(guan)節疼(teng)痛的(de)作(zuo)用。
附子的食用禁忌
1、忌不易(yi)消(xiao)化食物(wu)。
2、感冒發(fa)熱病人不宜服用。
3、有高(gao)血壓、心(xin)臟(zang)病(bing)、肝(gan)病(bing)、糖尿病(bing)、腎病(bing)等慢(man)性(xing)病(bing)嚴重者應在醫師指導(dao)下(xia)服用。以免導(dao)致不良的后果,出(chu)現更(geng)加嚴重的疾病(bing)發(fa)生。
4、孕婦慎用,哺乳期婦女、兒童應(ying)在醫師指導(dao)下服用。