英語翻譯中數字和倍數的翻譯表達
1、數字的表達
數(shu)(shu)(shu)字在(zai)(zai)英(ying)(ying)語和漢(han)語中的(de)(de)表(biao)達(da)方式是(shi)不同的(de)(de)。漢(han)語是(shi)個,十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),百(bai)(bai)(bai),千(qian)(qian)(qian),萬(wan)(wan),十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)萬(wan)(wan),百(bai)(bai)(bai)萬(wan)(wan),千(qian)(qian)(qian)萬(wan)(wan),億,十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)億……,也就是(shi)以(yi)(yi)“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”的(de)(de)倍(bei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)來表(biao)示;而(er)英(ying)(ying)語則(ze)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字超過千(qian)(qian)(qian)以(yi)(yi)后(hou),以(yi)(yi)“千(qian)(qian)(qian)”(thousand)的(de)(de)倍(bei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)來表(biao)達(da),如“一萬(wan)(wan)”是(shi)“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)”,即(ji)ten thousand;“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)萬(wan)(wan)”是(shi)“百(bai)(bai)(bai)千(qian)(qian)(qian)”,即(ji)hundred thousand;“百(bai)(bai)(bai)萬(wan)(wan)”為(wei)million。百(bai)(bai)(bai)萬(wan)(wan)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字則(ze)用“百(bai)(bai)(bai)萬(wan)(wan)”的(de)(de)倍(bei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)表(biao)達(da),如“千(qian)(qian)(qian)萬(wan)(wan)”是(shi)“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)萬(wan)(wan)”,即(ji)ten million;“億”是(shi)“百(bai)(bai)(bai)百(bai)(bai)(bai)萬(wan)(wan)”,即(ji)hundred million;“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)億”為(wei)billion。對于四位以(yi)(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字,我們也可以(yi)(yi)說漢(han)語中是(shi)四位計(ji)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(萬(wan)(wan),億),而(er)英(ying)(ying)語中是(shi)三位計(ji)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(thousand,million,billion,trillion)。了解了兩者(zhe)的(de)(de)區別之后(hou),我們在(zai)(zai)翻譯數(shu)(shu)(shu)字的(de)(de)時候就要注意思(si)維(wei)和表(biao)達(da)方式的(de)(de)轉換。
翻譯時常會遇到一些較籠統的(de)數字,如“幾(ji)個”、“十幾(ji)個”、“幾(ji)十個”等,這(zhe)類(lei)表達法(fa)需(xu)要熟記:幾(ji)個(some,a few,several,a number of),十幾(ji)個(more than ten,no more than twenty),幾(ji)十個(dozens of),幾(ji)十年(decades),七(qi)十好(hao)(hao)幾(ji)(well over seventy),好(hao)(hao)幾(ji)百個(hundreds of),成千(qian)上萬(thousands of),幾(ji)十萬(hundreds of thousands of),億(yi)萬(hundreds of millions of)等。
例:123456789
在英語(yu)中,我(wo)們這樣(yang)看:123,456,789,讀作:one hundred and twenty-three million four hundred and fifty-six thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine。
在漢語中(zhong),我們這樣看:1,2345,6789,讀作:一億(yi)兩千(qian)(qian)三百(bai)四十(shi)五萬六(liu)千(qian)(qian)七(qi)百(bai)八(ba)十(shi)九。
2、數字倍數的表達以及翻譯
英語表(biao)示倍(bei)數增減或倍(bei)數對比(bi)的句(ju)型(xing)多(duo)(duo)種多(duo)(duo)樣,其中(zhong)有(you)一(yi)些很容易(yi)譯錯,主要原(yuan)因在于(yu):英漢兩種語言在表(biao)述或對比(bi)倍(bei)數方(fang)面存(cun)在著(zhu)語言與思維差異。現將常用的英語倍(bei)數句(ju)型(xing)及其正確澤法歸(gui)納(na)如(ru)下:
A is n times bigger(longer,more,...)than B.
A is n times as big(long,much,...)as B.
A is n times the size(length,amount,...)of B.
以(yi)上三句都表示A的大(da)小(長度,數量,……)是B的n倍或(huo)A比B大(da)(長,多,……)n-1倍。