什么是雞胸
小兒雞胸是一種常見病癥,特點是(shi)胸(xiong)骨前凸、兩側胸(xiong)壁低平(ping)。輕者外觀不(bu)雅(ya),重者使胸(xiong)廓容積縮小,肺發(fa)育(yu)受限(8歲以前的小兒肺泡量可(ke)能增多),經(jing)常患氣管(guan)炎或肺炎,運(yun)動耐受力差,抵(di)抗力低下。
雞胸的病因
少數小(xiao)兒(er)(er)的雞(ji)(ji)胸(xiong)是先天性(xing)的,大(da)多數患兒(er)(er)的雞(ji)(ji)胸(xiong)是佝僂(lou)病造成的。嬰幼兒(er)(er)期(qi)的小(xiao)兒(er)(er)骨骼由軟骨構(gou)成,如果此(ci)時忽視了維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)D、鈣的供(gong)(gong)給或供(gong)(gong)給不足(zu),使鈣磷吸收發生(sheng)障礙,出現骨軟化癥,胸(xiong)部肋(lei)骨與胸(xiong)骨相(xiang)連處內(nei)陷,使胸(xiong)骨前凸(tu),形成雞(ji)(ji)胸(xiong)。
雞胸的癥狀表現
多數雞胸(xiong)不像漏斗胸(xiong)那樣在(zai)出生后即(ji)能(neng)發現(xian),往往在(zai)五、六歲以后才逐(zhu)漸被注意到。一般雞胸(xiong)很少(shao)發生壓(ya)迫(po)心肺(fei)的(de)(de)癥(zheng)狀,重癥(zheng)雞胸(xiong)常出現(xian)反復上(shang)呼吸(xi)道感染及支(zhi)氣(qi)管(guan)喘息(xi),活動耐力較差,易疲勞。更主(zhu)要的(de)(de)是(shi)患者因(yin)畸(ji)形而在(zai)精(jing)神上(shang)有(you)極(ji)大的(de)(de)負擔。
雞(ji)胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)與漏(lou)斗(dou)胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)相反(fan),胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)向(xiang)(xiang)前方突(tu)(tu)起(qi)(qi)(qi),一般有(you)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)型(xing),第一種(zhong)(zhong)是普通的(de)(de)(de)、具有(you)龍(long)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)狀突(tu)(tu)起(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)廓(kuo),即胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)下部(bu)向(xiang)(xiang)前移奉送較上部(bu)明顯(xian)。常是劍突(tu)(tu)附著部(bu)突(tu)(tu)出(chu)最明顯(xian),胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)肌(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)縱(zong)部(bu)面(mian)呈(cheng)弓形(xing),兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)4至8肋軟(ruan)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)呈(cheng)與胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)平行的(de)(de)(de)深凹陷(xian)溝狀,使突(tu)(tu)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分更(geng)加明顯(xian),就(jiu)像(xiang)是一只巨手將(jiang)胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)抓起(qi)(qi)(qi)而將(jiang)兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)肋軟(ruan)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)壓癟了一樣。另一種(zhong)(zhong)雞(ji)胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)比(bi)較少見,胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)柄(bing)、胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)體上部(bu)及(ji)上胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)肋軟(ruan)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)向(xiang)(xiang)前上方突(tu)(tu)出(chu),而胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)體中部(bu)向(xiang)(xiang)后彎曲,胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)肌(ji)(ji)下部(bu)又突(tu)(tu)向(xiang)(xiang)向(xiang)(xiang)前方,胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)矢狀面(mian)呈(cheng)“Z”字形(xing),兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)肋軟(ruan)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也向(xiang)(xiang)內凹陷(xian),因此有(you)人將(jiang)此類(lei)畸形(xing)也稱為漏(lou)斗(dou)胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)。
雞胸的危害
雞(ji)胸除影(ying)響身體(ti)的(de)美觀(guan)外,嚴重的(de)雞(ji)胸由于兩側向內凹(ao)陷的(de)肋骨(gu)壓(ya)迫心臟和肺,對循(xun)環(huan)和呼吸功能(neng)有(you)一定影(ying)響,患兒(er)易(yi)出現疲勞和反復呼吸道感(gan)染。
影(ying)(ying)響呼(hu)(hu)吸循(xun)環的胸(xiong)壁畸(ji)(ji)形(xing),如漏斗(dou)胸(xiong)、雞(ji)胸(xiong)、胸(xiong)肌裂(lie)等(deng),除了畸(ji)(ji)形(xing)造(zao)成的精神負擔和(he)性格(ge)影(ying)(ying)響以外,畸(ji)(ji)形(xing)本身對呼(hu)(hu)吸和(he)循(xun)環功能(neng)的損害也(ye)需要手(shou)術糾(jiu)正。
雞胸怎么矯正
1、比較輕(qing)微的(de)雞胸可(ke)以(yi)采用做保健(jian)(jian)操的(de)方(fang)式來(lai)矯正(zheng),目(mu)前比較常(chang)用的(de)保健(jian)(jian)操是呼吸起落操。保持站立的(de)姿勢,兩(liang)腳(jiao)與(yu)肩同寬站好(hao)之后身體放松,兩(liang)個手臂輕(qing)輕(qing)向前臥全平直到頭頂,接下來(lai)再慢(man)慢(man)的(de)呼氣。每(mei)天(tian)可(ke)以(yi)數次進行(xing),每(mei)次可(ke)以(yi)做10分鐘。
2、器(qi)械練習(xi)也是(shi)(shi)矯正雞(ji)胸的(de)好辦法(fa),可(ke)以使用俯臥撐或者是(shi)(shi)用啞鈴平舉的(de)方式來進(jin)行(xing)練習(xi),如果(guo)身體力量比較好的(de)話(hua),也可(ke)以使用在(zai)單雙杠上翻跟(gen)頭的(de)方法(fa)來進(jin)行(xing)操練,建議可(ke)以在(zai)空腹的(de)時候來進(jin)行(xing)鍛煉會比較好一些。但是(shi)(shi)每天一定要控制(zhi)好運動的(de)量,不能過度勞累。如果(guo)患(huan)者有跑步場(chang)所的(de)話(hua),也可(ke)以每天慢(man)跑3公(gong)里來增強內臟活動、擴大(da)呼吸量,改善胸廓發育(yu)不良。
3、年齡較小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)人群(qun)可(ke)以采(cai)用(yong)外部器械來對胸廓(kuo)加壓法(fa)來達(da)到矯正(zheng)雞胸的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。一般情況下可(ke)以佩戴特制的(de)(de)(de)矯正(zheng)背心來緩解畸形。這種方法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)見效(xiao)速度非常慢(man),因此不建(jian)議成人或者是大童來使用(yong)這種方法(fa)矯正(zheng)。
注意:大多數嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)雞胸患者可以在三歲以后采取手(shou)術來進行治療。一般情況(kuang)下通過(guo)系統的(de)(de)矯正理療法或(huo)手(shou)術治療都能夠收(shou)到滿意(yi)的(de)(de)效果。
雞胸的預防
1、堅(jian)持母乳(ru)喂(wei)養。堅(jian)持每天補充維生素D多。母乳(ru)含鈣、磷量雖少(shao),但(dan)兩者比例合適(2:1),易于被乳(ru)兒吸(xi)收。
2、母親應(ying)在(zai)孕期和哺乳期的飲食應(ying)營養豐富并多曬太陽(yang)。
3、增加小兒戶(hu)外活動時間,多(duo)接觸陽光。
4、按時(shi)給小兒添加(jia)輔食。