一、電解電容和普通電容簡介

一般來說有極性電容指的都是電解電容一類的電容，雖(sui)然確實存(cun)在著無極(ji)性電(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)容，但在市面上不太常見，而(er)且價格也比較貴。常見的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)容都是由(you)陽(yang)極(ji)鋁箔(bo)和陰(yin)極(ji)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)溶(rong)液分別形成(cheng)兩個電(dian)(dian)極(ji)，由(you)陽(yang)極(ji)鋁箔(bo)上產生的(de)(de)一(yi)層(ceng)氧化鋁膜做為電(dian)(dian)介質的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)容，電(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)容在電(dian)(dian)路中也必須注意極(ji)性。

普通的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)是(shi)(shi)大(da)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)是(shi)(shi)無(wu)極(ji)性的(de)，也(ye)(ye)可以把(ba)兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)陽極(ji)或(huo)(huo)(huo)陰(yin)極(ji)相對(dui)串連形成無(wu)極(ji)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)。一般來說(shuo)，低(di)(di)于1μF的(de)低(di)(di)值電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)大(da)多數是(shi)(shi)無(wu)極(ji)性之分(fen)(fen)的(de)，但是(shi)(shi)具有1μF或(huo)(huo)(huo)更(geng)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)值的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)幾乎(hu)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)有正負極(ji)之分(fen)(fen)的(de)。至今為止，常用有極(ji)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)，有極(ji)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)的(de)正引線總會長一些，即使是(shi)(shi)標(biao)志磨損(sun)或(huo)(huo)(huo)者被(bei)完(wan)全抹(mo)去，我們也(ye)(ye)能夠辨認出(chu)極(ji)性。

該圖片由注冊用戶"天空之城"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、電解電容和普通電容的區別

1、介質不同

有(you)極性(xing)(xing)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)大多采用電(dian)解質(zhi)做(zuo)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)材料(liao)，通常同(tong)(tong)體積的電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)有(you)極性(xing)(xing)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)大。另外，不同(tong)(tong)的電(dian)解質(zhi)材料(liao)和(he)工藝制造出的有(you)極性(xing)(xing)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)同(tong)(tong)體積的容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)也(ye)(ye)會不同(tong)(tong)。再有(you)就是耐壓和(he)使(shi)用介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)材料(liao)也(ye)(ye)有(you)密切關系。無極性(xing)(xing)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)材料(liao)也(ye)(ye)很(hen)多，大多采用金屬氧化膜、滌綸(lun)等(deng)。由于介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)的可逆或不可逆性(xing)(xing)能決定(ding)了有(you)極、無極性(xing)(xing)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)的使(shi)用環境(jing)。

2、性能不同

性能(neng)就是(shi)(shi)使用(yong)的要求(qiu)(qiu)，需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)最(zui)大化就是(shi)(shi)使用(yong)的要求(qiu)(qiu)。如果在電(dian)(dian)視機里電(dian)(dian)源部分用(yong)金屬氧化膜電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器做濾(lv)(lv)波(bo)的話，而且要達到濾(lv)(lv)波(bo)要求(qiu)(qiu)的電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器容(rong)(rong)量(liang)和耐(nai)壓。機殼內(nei)恐怕也就只(zhi)能(neng)裝個電(dian)(dian)源了。所以(yi)作為濾(lv)(lv)波(bo)只(zhi)能(neng)使用(yong)有極(ji)性電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)，有極(ji)性電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)是(shi)(shi)不可逆的。就是(shi)(shi)說正極(ji)必須接高(gao)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)端(duan)(duan)，負極(ji)必須接低電(dian)(dian)位(wei)端(duan)(duan)。一(yi)般電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)在1微法(fa)拉以(yi)上，做偶(ou)(ou)合(he)、退偶(ou)(ou)合(he)、電(dian)(dian)源濾(lv)(lv)波(bo)等(deng)(deng)。無極(ji)性電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)大多在1微法(fa)拉以(yi)下(xia)，參與諧振(zhen)、偶(ou)(ou)合(he)、選頻(pin)、限流、等(deng)(deng)。當然也有大容(rong)(rong)量(liang)高(gao)耐(nai)壓的，多用(yong)在電(dian)(dian)力的無功補償、電(dian)(dian)機的移(yi)相、變頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)源移(yi)相等(deng)(deng)用(yong)途上。

3、容量不同

電(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)容的容量要比普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)容大。

4、結構不同

原則上講(jiang)不考(kao)慮尖端放電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下，使(shi)用(yong)環(huan)境需(xu)要什么形狀的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)都可(ke)以。通常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容(rong)（有(you)極性電(dian)(dian)容(rong)）是圓(yuan)形，方(fang)(fang)(fang)型(xing)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)很少。無極性電(dian)(dian)容(rong)形狀千奇百變。像(xiang)管(guan)型(xing)、變形長方(fang)(fang)(fang)形、片(pian)型(xing)、方(fang)(fang)(fang)型(xing)、圓(yuan)型(xing)、組合(he)方(fang)(fang)(fang)型(xing)及圓(yuan)型(xing)等(deng)等(deng)。當然還有(you)無形的(de)(de)(de)，這里無形指(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)就是分布電(dian)(dian)容(rong)。對于(yu)分布電(dian)(dian)容(rong)在高頻和中頻器件(jian)中決不可(ke)忽視。

三、無極性電容可以代替有極性電容嗎

理(li)想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)，本來是(shi)(shi)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)。但是(shi)(shi)在(zai)實際中，為(wei)了(le)(le)獲(huo)得大(da)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)，就(jiu)使用(yong)了(le)(le)某些特殊的(de)(de)(de)材料和(he)結構，這(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)導致了(le)(le)實際的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)些是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)。常見的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)鋁(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)，鉭電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)一般是(shi)(shi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)相對比較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)。如果要(yao)做一個(ge)(ge)大(da)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)，就(jiu)沒那(nei)么(me)容(rong)(rong)(rong)易了(le)(le)，體(ti)積(ji)(ji)會變得很大(da)。這(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)什么(me)在(zai)實際的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中，為(wei)什么(me)會有(you)(you)(you)(you)那(nei)么(me)多的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)了(le)(le)——因為(wei)它(ta)(ta)體(ti)積(ji)(ji)比較小，同(tong)時(shi)又因為(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一個(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)，所以有(you)(you)(you)(you)極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)就(jiu)能派上用(yong)場。我們使用(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)避開它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)缺點，利用(yong)它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)優點。我們可(ke)以這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)來理(li)解：有(you)(you)(you)(you)極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)實際上是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)(ge)只(zhi)能按(an)一個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)。而無(wu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)，則(ze)兩個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)都能使用(yong)。因此，單從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)這(zhe)(zhe)一點上來說，無(wu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)是(shi)(shi)比有(you)(you)(you)(you)極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)要(yao)好的(de)(de)(de)。

從上面的分析可以看出來，使用無極性的電容代替有極(ji)性的電容(rong)是完全可以的——只(zhi)要容(rong)量、工作電壓、體積等能滿足要求即可替換。