一、電容器是什么元件

電容器是儲存(cun)電(dian)量(liang)和電(dian)能(neng)(neng)（電(dian)勢能(neng)(neng)）的(de)(de)(de)元件(jian)。一(yi)個(ge)(ge)導(dao)體被另一(yi)個(ge)(ge)導(dao)體所(suo)包(bao)圍(wei)，或者(zhe)由(you)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)導(dao)體發出的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)場線全部終止在(zai)另一(yi)個(ge)(ge)導(dao)體的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)體系，稱為電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)。當電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)極(ji)板之(zhi)間加上電(dian)壓時，電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)就會儲存(cun)電(dian)荷。電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)容(rong)量(liang)在(zai)數值上等于一(yi)個(ge)(ge)導(dao)電(dian)極(ji)板上的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)荷量(liang)與兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)極(ji)板之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓之(zhi)比。電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)容(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)基本單位是法(fa)拉（F）。在(zai)電(dian)路圖中通(tong)常用字母C表示電(dian)容(rong)元件(jian)。

電(dian)容(rong)器是電(dian)子設備中大(da)量(liang)使用的電(dian)子元件之一，所以(yi)被廣泛應(ying)用于隔直、耦合、旁路(lu)(lu)、濾波、調諧回路(lu)(lu)、能(neng)量(liang)轉(zhuan)換或儲能(neng)、控制電(dian)路(lu)(lu)等方面(mian)。隨著新材料，新技術(shu)的出(chu)現，大(da)容(rong)量(liang)的電(dian)容(rong)可能(neng)會代(dai)替可充電(dian)電(dian)池(chi)，而(er)廣泛應(ying)用于各個領域。

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二、電容器的種類有哪些

根據分析統計，電容器主(zhu)要分為以(yi)下(xia)10類(lei)：

1、按照結構分三大類：固定電容(rong)器、可變電容(rong)器和(he)微(wei)調電容(rong)器。

2、按電(dian)(dian)介質(zhi)分類(lei)：有(you)機(ji)介質(zhi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、無機(ji)介質(zhi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)和空氣(qi)介質(zhi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)等。

3、按用(yong)途(tu)分有(you)：高頻(pin)旁路電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、低頻(pin)旁路電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、濾波(bo)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、調諧電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、高頻(pin)耦合(he)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、低頻(pin)耦合(he)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、小型電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。

4、按制造材料的不(bu)同可(ke)以分為：瓷介電(dian)容(rong)、滌綸電(dian)容(rong)、電(dian)解電(dian)容(rong)、鉭電(dian)容(rong)，還有先進的聚丙(bing)烯電(dian)容(rong)等(deng)等(deng)。

5、高頻旁路：陶(tao)瓷電(dian)容器、云(yun)母電(dian)容器、玻璃(li)膜電(dian)容器、滌綸(lun)電(dian)容器、玻璃(li)釉電(dian)容器。

6、低頻旁路：紙介(jie)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、陶瓷電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、鋁電(dian)解電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、滌(di)綸電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)。

7、濾波：鋁電(dian)解電(dian)容器、紙介電(dian)容器、復合紙介電(dian)容器、液體鉭電(dian)容器。

8、調諧(xie)：陶瓷電容(rong)器(qi)、云母電容(rong)器(qi)、玻璃膜電容(rong)器(qi)、聚苯乙(yi)烯電容(rong)器(qi)。

9、低耦合：紙介電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器、陶(tao)瓷(ci)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器、鋁電(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器、滌綸電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器、固(gu)體鉭電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器。

10、小型電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)：金(jin)屬(shu)化紙介電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、陶瓷電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、鋁電(dian)解電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、聚苯乙(yi)烯(xi)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、固體鉭電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、玻(bo)璃釉電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、金(jin)屬(shu)化滌(di)綸電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、聚丙烯(xi)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、云母電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。