一、電容器是什么元件

電容器是(shi)儲(chu)存(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢能(neng)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)件。一個導(dao)(dao)體被另(ling)一個導(dao)(dao)體所包圍，或者由(you)一個導(dao)(dao)體發出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場線(xian)全部終止在(zai)另(ling)一個導(dao)(dao)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)體系，稱(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個極板(ban)之(zhi)間加上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器就會儲(chu)存(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量在(zai)數值上等(deng)于一個導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極板(ban)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量與兩個極板(ban)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓之(zhi)比。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本單位是(shi)法拉（F）。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路圖中通常用字母C表示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)元(yuan)件。

電(dian)容器是電(dian)子設備中大(da)量使用的電(dian)子元件之一，所以被廣(guang)泛(fan)應用于隔(ge)直、耦合、旁(pang)路、濾波、調(diao)諧回路、能量轉(zhuan)換(huan)或儲能、控制電(dian)路等方面。隨著新材料(liao)，新技術的出現，大(da)容量的電(dian)容可能會代替可充電(dian)電(dian)池，而廣(guang)泛(fan)應用于各個(ge)領域。

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二、電容器的種類有哪些

根據分析統計，電容器主(zhu)要分為以下10類：

1、按照結構(gou)分三大(da)類(lei)：固定(ding)電容器(qi)、可(ke)變(bian)電容器(qi)和微(wei)調電容器(qi)。

2、按電(dian)介質(zhi)分類：有機(ji)介質(zhi)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、無機(ji)介質(zhi)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)解電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)熱電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)和空氣(qi)介質(zhi)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)等(deng)。

3、按用途分有：高頻(pin)(pin)旁路(lu)(lu)電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、低頻(pin)(pin)旁路(lu)(lu)電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、濾波電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、調諧電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、高頻(pin)(pin)耦(ou)合電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、低頻(pin)(pin)耦(ou)合電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、小型電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)。

4、按制造材料的不同可(ke)以分為：瓷介(jie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)、滌綸電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)、電(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)、鉭電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)，還(huan)有先進的聚丙(bing)烯電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)等(deng)等(deng)。

5、高頻旁(pang)路：陶瓷電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、云母電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、玻(bo)(bo)璃膜電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、滌綸電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、玻(bo)(bo)璃釉電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)。

6、低頻旁路：紙介(jie)電容(rong)器、陶瓷電容(rong)器、鋁電解電容(rong)器、滌綸電容(rong)器。

7、濾波：鋁(lv)電解電容(rong)器、紙介(jie)電容(rong)器、復合(he)紙介(jie)電容(rong)器、液體(ti)鉭電容(rong)器。

8、調諧：陶瓷電容(rong)(rong)器、云(yun)母電容(rong)(rong)器、玻璃膜電容(rong)(rong)器、聚苯乙烯(xi)電容(rong)(rong)器。

9、低(di)耦(ou)合：紙介電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、陶瓷電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、鋁電(dian)解電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、滌綸電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、固體(ti)鉭(tan)電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)。

10、小型電(dian)容：金屬化(hua)紙介電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、陶瓷(ci)電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、鋁電(dian)解電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、聚苯乙烯(xi)電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、固體鉭電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、玻璃釉電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、金屬化(hua)滌綸電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、聚丙烯(xi)電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、云母電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)。