一、黃銅、青銅、紫銅、白銅的成分和區別

1、紫銅

紫銅是銅含量很高的(de)銅，以純(chun)銅為基體加入一種(zhong)(zhong)或幾(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)其他元(yuan)素所構成的(de)合金(jin)。純(chun)銅呈(cheng)紫紅(hong)色，又(you)稱紫銅。純(chun)銅密度為8.96，熔點為1083℃，具有優(you)良(liang)的(de)導電(dian)性、導熱(re)性、延展(zhan)性和耐(nai)蝕性。主(zhu)要用于制作發電(dian)機、母線(xian)、電(dian)纜、開關裝置(zhi)、變壓器(qi)等電(dian)工器(qi)材和熱(re)交(jiao)換器(qi)、管道、太陽能加熱(re)裝置(zhi)的(de)平(ping)板集(ji)熱(re)器(qi)等導熱(re)器(qi)材。

2、黃銅

黃銅是由銅和鋅(xin)所組成的(de)合金，具有美觀的(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)色，統稱(cheng)(cheng)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅。銅鋅(xin)二元合金稱(cheng)(cheng)普通(tong)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅或稱(cheng)(cheng)簡單黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅。為(wei)了改善普通(tong)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅的(de)性(xing)(xing)能，常(chang)添加其他元素，如(ru)鋁、鎳、錳、錫、硅(gui)、鉛(qian)等(deng)(deng)。鋁能提(ti)高黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅的(de)強(qiang)(qiang)度、硬度和耐(nai)蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)，但使(shi)塑性(xing)(xing)降低(di)，適(shi)合作海輪冷凝管及其他耐(nai)蝕(shi)零(ling)件(jian)。錫能提(ti)高黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅的(de)強(qiang)(qiang)度和對(dui)海水的(de)耐(nai)腐性(xing)(xing)，故(gu)稱(cheng)(cheng)海軍黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅，用作船舶熱工設備和螺旋槳(jiang)等(deng)(deng)。鉛(qian)能改善黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅的(de)切削性(xing)(xing)能；這種易切削黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅常(chang)用作鐘表(biao)零(ling)件(jian)。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)銅鑄件(jian)常(chang)用來制(zhi)作閥門和管道配件(jian)等(deng)(deng)。

3、青銅

青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)除了鋅和(he)鎳以外的元素形成的合(he)金，主要有錫青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，鋁青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等。錫青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的鑄造(zao)(zao)性(xing)能、減摩性(xing)能好和(he)機(ji)械性(xing)能好，適合(he)於制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)軸(zhou)(zhou)承、蝸輪、齒(chi)輪等。鉛青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是現代(dai)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)和(he)磨床廣泛使用的軸(zhou)(zhou)承材料。鋁青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)強度高，耐磨性(xing)和(he)耐蝕性(xing)好，用於鑄造(zao)(zao)高載荷的齒(chi)輪、軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao)、船用螺旋(xuan)槳等。鈹青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)磷青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的彈性(xing)極限高，導電性(xing)好，適於制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)精(jing)密彈簧和(he)電接觸元件，鈹青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)還用來制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)煤(mei)礦、油庫(ku)等使用的無火花工(gong)具(ju)。

4、白銅

以(yi)鎳為主要添加(jia)元(yuan)素的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)合金(jin)(jin)。銅(tong)(tong)鎳二(er)元(yuan)合金(jin)(jin)稱(cheng)普通白銅(tong)(tong)；加(jia)有(you)錳、鐵、鋅、鋁(lv)等元(yuan)素的(de)(de)白銅(tong)(tong)合金(jin)(jin)稱(cheng)復雜白銅(tong)(tong)。工(gong)業用白銅(tong)(tong)分為結構(gou)白銅(tong)(tong)和(he)電工(gong)白銅(tong)(tong)兩大類。結構(gou)白銅(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)特點是(shi)(shi)機械性能和(he)耐蝕性好，色澤美觀。這種白銅(tong)(tong)廣泛用於制造精(jing)密機械、化工(gong)機械和(he)船舶構(gou)件。電工(gong)白銅(tong)(tong)一般(ban)有(you)良(liang)好的(de)(de)熱(re)電性能。錳銅(tong)(tong)、康(kang)銅(tong)(tong)、考銅(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)含錳量不同的(de)(de)錳白銅(tong)(tong)，是(shi)(shi)制造精(jing)密電工(gong)儀器、變(bian)阻(zu)器、精(jing)密電阻(zu)、應變(bian)片、熱(re)電偶等用的(de)(de)材料。

二、黃銅青銅紫銅白銅哪個貴

在價格方面，紫銅最(zui)(zui)貴，白銅次(ci)之，隨后是青銅，最(zui)(zui)便宜(yi)的是黃銅。不過最(zui)(zui)便宜(yi)的也要比鐵(tie)貴出幾倍(bei)。