一、黃銅、青銅、紫銅、白銅的成分和區別

1、紫銅

紫(zi)(zi)銅是銅含量很高的(de)銅，以(yi)純(chun)銅為基體加(jia)入一種或(huo)幾種其(qi)他元(yuan)素所構成的(de)合金。純(chun)銅呈(cheng)紫(zi)(zi)紅色，又稱紫(zi)(zi)銅。純(chun)銅密度為8.96，熔點為1083℃，具(ju)有優(you)良的(de)導電性(xing)(xing)、導熱性(xing)(xing)、延展性(xing)(xing)和耐蝕性(xing)(xing)。主要用于(yu)制作發電機、母線、電纜(lan)、開關(guan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)、變壓器等電工器材(cai)和熱交(jiao)換器、管道(dao)、太陽能加(jia)熱裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)平板集(ji)熱器等導熱器材(cai)。

2、黃銅

黃銅是(shi)由銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)鋅所(suo)組成的(de)合(he)金，具(ju)有美觀的(de)黃(huang)(huang)色，統稱黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋅二元(yuan)合(he)金稱普(pu)通黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)或稱簡單(dan)黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。為了改善(shan)普(pu)通黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)，常(chang)(chang)添加其(qi)他元(yuan)素，如鋁(lv)、鎳、錳、錫、硅、鉛等(deng)。鋁(lv)能(neng)(neng)(neng)提(ti)高黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)強度(du)(du)、硬度(du)(du)和(he)(he)耐蝕(shi)性，但使(shi)塑性降低，適合(he)作海輪冷凝(ning)管及其(qi)他耐蝕(shi)零件(jian)(jian)。錫能(neng)(neng)(neng)提(ti)高黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)強度(du)(du)和(he)(he)對海水(shui)的(de)耐腐性，故稱海軍黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，用作船舶(bo)熱(re)工設備和(he)(he)螺(luo)旋槳等(deng)。鉛能(neng)(neng)(neng)改善(shan)黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)切削(xue)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)；這種易(yi)切削(xue)黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)用作鐘表(biao)零件(jian)(jian)。黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鑄件(jian)(jian)常(chang)(chang)用來制作閥門和(he)(he)管道配件(jian)(jian)等(deng)。

3、青銅

青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)是(shi)銅(tong)和(he)除了鋅和(he)鎳以外的元(yuan)素(su)形成的合金，主要有錫(xi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)，鋁(lv)青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)等(deng)。錫(xi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)的鑄(zhu)造性能、減摩性能好和(he)機械(xie)性能好，適合於制(zhi)造軸(zhou)承、蝸輪(lun)(lun)、齒輪(lun)(lun)等(deng)。鉛青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)是(shi)現代發動(dong)機和(he)磨床廣泛(fan)使用的軸(zhou)承材料。鋁(lv)青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)強度高，耐磨性和(he)耐蝕性好，用於鑄(zhu)造高載荷的齒輪(lun)(lun)、軸(zhou)套、船用螺旋槳(jiang)等(deng)。鈹(pi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)和(he)磷青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)的彈性極限高，導電性好，適於制(zhi)造精密彈簧和(he)電接觸(chu)元(yuan)件，鈹(pi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)還用來制(zhi)造煤礦、油庫等(deng)使用的無火花工具。

4、白銅

以鎳(nie)為主要添加元素的(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)金(jin)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鎳(nie)二元合(he)金(jin)稱(cheng)(cheng)普通白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)；加有錳(meng)(meng)、鐵、鋅(xin)、鋁等元素的(de)白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)金(jin)稱(cheng)(cheng)復雜白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。工(gong)業用白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)分為結構白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和電(dian)工(gong)白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)兩大類。結構白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)特點是機(ji)械性(xing)(xing)能和耐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)好，色(se)澤美(mei)觀。這種白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)廣(guang)泛用於制(zhi)造(zao)精密(mi)機(ji)械、化工(gong)機(ji)械和船舶(bo)構件(jian)。電(dian)工(gong)白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一般有良好的(de)熱電(dian)性(xing)(xing)能。錳(meng)(meng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、康銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、考銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是含錳(meng)(meng)量(liang)不同的(de)錳(meng)(meng)白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，是制(zhi)造(zao)精密(mi)電(dian)工(gong)儀(yi)器、變(bian)阻器、精密(mi)電(dian)阻、應變(bian)片(pian)、熱電(dian)偶等用的(de)材料。

二、黃銅青銅紫銅白銅哪個貴

在價格方面，紫銅最(zui)貴，白銅(tong)(tong)次(ci)之，隨后是(shi)青銅(tong)(tong)，最(zui)便宜的(de)是(shi)黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)。不過最(zui)便宜的(de)也要比鐵貴出幾(ji)倍。