一、陰極銅是什么意思

金屬銅元素符號Cu，原子量63.55，比重8.96，熔點1083.4士0.2°℃，沸點2567°℃。銅呈淺玫瑰(gui)色(se)或淡紅色(se)，表(biao)面(mian)形成氧化銅膜后，外觀呈紫(zi)銅色(se)，是人(ren)類最早發現的(de)古老金屬之(zhi)—。

陰極銅（copper cathode）是指(zhi)銅(tong)(tong)精(jing)礦由電解精(jing)煉法或電解沉積(ji)法生產得到的高純度的銅(tong)(tong)，也稱精(jing)煉銅(tong)(tong)或精(jing)銅(tong)(tong)（refinedcopper）。國標GB/T 467-2010、歐標BS EN 1978-1998和美標ASTM B115均是陰極銅(tong)(tong)的行業(ye)標準規范。

由于(yu)陰極(ji)銅(tong)具有(you)(you)較優良的(de)導(dao)電性(xing)、導(dao)熱性(xing)、延展性(xing)、耐腐(fu)蝕性(xing)、耐磨性(xing)等(deng)特點，因(yin)此(ci)陰極(ji)銅(tong)被(bei)下游加工成銅(tong)線、銅(tong)棒(bang)、銅(tong)板帶、銅(tong)箔、銅(tong)管以及各(ge)類合金(jin)產品，被(bei)廣泛應用于(yu)電力、電子、交通設(she)備、機械(xie)制造、建筑工業、國防(fang)工業、醫學、有(you)(you)機化學等(deng)行業，在我國有(you)(you)色金(jin)屬(shu)材料的(de)消費中僅次于(yu)鋁。

二、陰極銅和電解銅的區別

電解(jie)銅和(he)陰極銅沒有(you)區別。

陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)通常指電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，就是指將粗銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（含銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)99%）預(yu)先制(zhi)成(cheng)厚板(ban)(ban)作(zuo)為(wei)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)，純銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)制(zhi)成(cheng)薄(bo)片作(zuo)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)，以硫(liu)酸和(he)硫(liu)酸銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的混合液(ye)作(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)。通電(dian)(dian)后，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)從陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)溶(rong)解(jie)(jie)成(cheng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)（Cu）向陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)移動，到達陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)后獲得(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)而在(zai)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)析出(chu)純銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（亦(yi)稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)）。粗銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)雜質如比銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)活(huo)潑的鐵(tie)和(he)鋅等會隨(sui)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一起溶(rong)解(jie)(jie)為(wei)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)（Zn和(he)Fe）。由于(yu)這些離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)與銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)相(xiang)比不易析出(chu)，所以電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)時只(zhi)要適當調(diao)節(jie)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)差即可避免這些離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)在(zai)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)上析出(chu)。比銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)不活(huo)潑的雜質如金和(he)銀等沉(chen)積在(zai)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)槽的底(di)部。這樣(yang)生產出(chu)來的銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)板(ban)(ban)，稱(cheng)為(wei)“電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”，質量(liang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)高，可以用來制(zhi)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)氣產品。

陰極(ji)銅(tong)的品質要求：銅(tong)精礦由(you)電解(jie)精煉法或電解(jie)沉積(ji)法生產(chan)得到陰極(ji)銅(tong)。按國標GB/T467－1997《陰極(ji)銅(tong)》的規定，陰極(ji)銅(tong)按化學成分分為高純陰極(ji)銅(tong)（Cu－CATH－1）和標準陰極(ji)銅(tong)（Cu－CATH－2）和兩(liang)個牌號。

陰極銅的(de)試(shi)驗方(fang)(fang)法：高純陰(yin)極(ji)銅化學(xue)成分的(de)仲(zhong)裁分析(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)法按GB/T13293－1991《高純陽(yang)極(ji)銅化學(xue)分析(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)法》的(de)規(gui)定(ding)進行，標(biao)準陰(yin)極(ji)銅化學(xue)成分的(de)仲(zhong)裁分析(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)法按GB/T5121-1996《銅及銅合金(jin)化學(xue)分析(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)法》的(de)規(gui)定(ding)進行。表面質(zhi)量(liang)用目視檢測。