一、陰極銅是什么意思

金(jin)(jin)屬銅元(yuan)素符號Cu，原(yuan)子量63.55，比重8.96，熔點(dian)(dian)1083.4士0.2°℃，沸(fei)點(dian)(dian)2567°℃。銅呈(cheng)(cheng)淺玫(mei)瑰色(se)或淡紅色(se)，表面形成氧化銅膜后(hou)，外觀呈(cheng)(cheng)紫銅色(se)，是人類最早發現的(de)古老金(jin)(jin)屬之—。

陰極銅（copper cathode）是指(zhi)銅精(jing)(jing)礦由電解精(jing)(jing)煉(lian)法(fa)或(huo)電解沉積法(fa)生(sheng)產得到的(de)(de)高純度的(de)(de)銅，也稱精(jing)(jing)煉(lian)銅或(huo)精(jing)(jing)銅（refinedcopper）。國(guo)標GB/T 467-2010、歐標BS EN 1978-1998和美(mei)標ASTM B115均是陰極銅的(de)(de)行(xing)業標準規范。

由(you)于陰極銅(tong)(tong)(tong)具有較優良的(de)(de)導電性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、導熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、延展性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐腐蝕性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐磨性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)特點，因此陰極銅(tong)(tong)(tong)被下游(you)加工(gong)成(cheng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)線、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)棒、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)板(ban)帶、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)箔、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)管以及(ji)各類(lei)合金產品，被廣泛應(ying)用于電力(li)、電子、交通(tong)設備、機(ji)械制造、建筑工(gong)業、國防(fang)工(gong)業、醫學、有機(ji)化學等(deng)行業，在我國有色金屬材(cai)料的(de)(de)消(xiao)費(fei)中僅(jin)次(ci)于鋁。

二、陰極銅和電解銅的區別

電解銅和陰極銅沒有區別。

陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)通(tong)常指電(dian)(dian)解銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，就是(shi)指將粗銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（含銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)99%）預先制成(cheng)厚板作(zuo)(zuo)為陽極(ji)(ji)，純銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)制成(cheng)薄片作(zuo)(zuo)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)，以(yi)硫酸和(he)(he)硫酸銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的混合液(ye)作(zuo)(zuo)為電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)。通(tong)電(dian)(dian)后，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)從陽極(ji)(ji)溶解成(cheng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)離子（Cu）向陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)移動，到(dao)達陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)后獲得電(dian)(dian)子而在陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)析(xi)出(chu)純銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（亦稱電(dian)(dian)解銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)）。粗銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中雜(za)質(zhi)如(ru)比銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)活(huo)潑(po)的鐵和(he)(he)鋅等會隨銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一起(qi)溶解為離子（Zn和(he)(he)Fe）。由于這(zhe)些離子與銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)離子相(xiang)比不易析(xi)出(chu)，所(suo)以(yi)電(dian)(dian)解時(shi)只(zhi)要適當調節電(dian)(dian)位差即可避免這(zhe)些離子在陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)上析(xi)出(chu)。比銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)不活(huo)潑(po)的雜(za)質(zhi)如(ru)金和(he)(he)銀等沉(chen)積在電(dian)(dian)解槽(cao)的底部。這(zhe)樣生產(chan)出(chu)來(lai)的銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)板，稱為“電(dian)(dian)解銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”，質(zhi)量極(ji)(ji)高(gao)，可以(yi)用來(lai)制作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)氣產(chan)品。

陰極(ji)(ji)銅的(de)品(pin)質要(yao)求：銅精(jing)(jing)礦由電解(jie)精(jing)(jing)煉法或電解(jie)沉積法生(sheng)產得到陰極(ji)(ji)銅。按(an)國標(biao)GB/T467－1997《陰極(ji)(ji)銅》的(de)規定，陰極(ji)(ji)銅按(an)化學成分分為(wei)高純陰極(ji)(ji)銅（Cu－CATH－1）和標(biao)準陰極(ji)(ji)銅（Cu－CATH－2）和兩個牌號。

陰極銅的試驗方(fang)(fang)法(fa)：高純(chun)陰(yin)極(ji)銅(tong)化(hua)學成分(fen)的仲裁(cai)分(fen)析方(fang)(fang)法(fa)按GB/T13293－1991《高純(chun)陽(yang)極(ji)銅(tong)化(hua)學分(fen)析方(fang)(fang)法(fa)》的規定進(jin)行，標準陰(yin)極(ji)銅(tong)化(hua)學成分(fen)的仲裁(cai)分(fen)析方(fang)(fang)法(fa)按GB/T5121-1996《銅(tong)及銅(tong)合(he)金化(hua)學分(fen)析方(fang)(fang)法(fa)》的規定進(jin)行。表面質量用目視檢(jian)測。