一、電子陶瓷是絕緣體還是導體

一(yi)般(ban)認為，陶(tao)(tao)瓷是良好(hao)的絕(jue)緣體(ti)(ti)，它一(yi)般(ban)不(bu)導電(dian)，因為原子(zi)(zi)的外層電(dian)子(zi)(zi)通常受到原子(zi)(zi)核的吸引力，被(bei)束縛在各自(zi)原子(zi)(zi)的周(zhou)圍，不(bu)能自(zi)由運動，不(bu)過(guo)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)陶(tao)(tao)瓷具(ju)有極為寬廣的電(dian)氣特性，從一(yi)般(ban)的絕(jue)緣體(ti)(ti)，到半導體(ti)(ti)，導體(ti)(ti)、甚至超導體(ti)(ti)，都有不(bu)同的電(dian)子(zi)(zi)陶(tao)(tao)瓷產品。

電子陶瓷(ci)的(de)種(zhong)類眾多，其中絕(jue)緣陶瓷(ci)裝置瓷(ci)和(he)介(jie)電陶瓷(ci)是(shi)絕(jue)緣體，半導體陶瓷(ci)是(shi)半導體，離子陶瓷(ci)是(shi)導體，還有一種(zhong)超(chao)導陶瓷(ci)屬于超(chao)導體。

二、電子陶瓷導電原理是什么

電子陶瓷有的導電，有的不導電，導電的電子陶瓷一般是通過(guo)一定的工(gong)藝(yi)處理(li)，使(shi)其(qi)具有(you)導電功能的。

某些氧化物陶(tao)瓷加熱(re)時(shi)，處(chu)于原子(zi)外層的(de)(de)電(dian)子(zi)可(ke)以獲(huo)得足夠的(de)(de)能(neng)量，以便克(ke)服原子(zi)核對它的(de)(de)吸引力，而成(cheng)為(wei)可(ke)以自由運動的(de)(de)自由電(dian)子(zi)，這種陶(tao)瓷就變成(cheng)導電(dian)陶(tao)瓷。

一般當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流通(tong)過(guo)(guo)材料時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)可(ke)以(yi)有兩種方式(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)晶格運動來(lai)完成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)輸運過(guo)(guo)程：①電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)脫(tuo)離(li)原子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)成為自由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，在晶格中運動，形成所(suo)(suo)謂的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；②電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)與原子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)核(he)一起移動產生(sheng)所(suo)(suo)謂的離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對(dui)金屬來(lai)說(shuo)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是其(qi)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的主要(yao)(yao)方式(shi)，相比之下，離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)幾乎可(ke)忽略(lve)不計；但對(dui)于導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)陶(tao)瓷來(lai)說(shuo)，由于離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導活化能比較低（一般在0.5eV以(yi)下），離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)已不容忽視，是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)陶(tao)瓷的主要(yao)(yao)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)。