承(cheng)(cheng)德避暑(shu)山(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，又稱“熱河(he)行(xing)宮(gong)”，坐落于中(zhong)國北(bei)(bei)部河(he)北(bei)(bei)省承(cheng)(cheng)德市中(zhong)心以北(bei)(bei)的狹(xia)長谷(gu)地上，占(zhan)地面積584公頃。避暑(shu)山(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)始建(jian)于清(qing)康熙四(si)十(shi)(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)1703年(nian)(nian)(nian)），雍正(zheng)（公元(yuan)1723—1736年(nian)(nian)(nian)在位）時(shi)代一(yi)度暫停營(ying)建(jian)，清(qing)乾隆六年(nian)(nian)(nian)至五(wu)十(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)1741—1792年(nian)(nian)(nian)）又繼續修建(jian)，增加了乾隆36景(jing)和山(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)外的外八廟。整個避暑(shu)山(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的營(ying)建(jian)歷時(shi)近(jin)90年(nian)(nian)(nian)。這(zhe)期間清(qing)王朝國力興(xing)盛，能工巧匠云集于此(ci)。康熙五(wu)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)1711年(nian)(nian)(nian)）康熙帝還親自在山(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)午門上題寫了“避暑(shu)山(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)”門額。避暑(shu)山(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)主要分為宮(gong)殿區(qu)(qu)和苑景(jing)區(qu)(qu)兩部分。

宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)殿(dian)區位(wei)于山莊(zhuang)南(nan)部，宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)室建筑林(lin)(lin)立，布局嚴(yan)整，是(shi)紫禁城(cheng)的縮(suo)影。其布局運用(yong)了“前(qian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后苑”的傳統手法。宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)殿(dian)位(wei)于山莊(zhuang)南(nan)端(duan)，包(bao)括正宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、松鶴(he)(he)齋、東宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)萬壑松風(feng)四(si)組建筑群。正宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)殿(dian)區西側，是(shi)清代皇帝處理政(zheng)務和(he)居住之(zhi)所，按“前(qian)朝后寢”的形制，由九進(jin)院落組成；布局嚴(yan)整，建筑外(wai)形簡樸，裝修淡雅。主(zhu)殿(dian)全由四(si)川、云南(nan)的名貴楠木建成，素身燙蠟，雕刻(ke)精美。庭院大(da)小(xiao)、回(hui)廊高低(di)、山石配置(zhi)、樹木種植(zhi)，都使人(ren)感到平(ping)易親切，與(yu)京城(cheng)巍峨豪華的宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)殿(dian)大(da)不相同。松鶴(he)(he)齋在正宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)東，由七(qi)進(jin)院落組成，庭中古(gu)松聳峙，環境清幽。萬壑松風(feng)在松鶴(he)(he)齋之(zhi)北(bei)，是(shi)乾隆幼(you)時讀書之(zhi)處，六幢大(da)小(xiao)不同的建筑錯落布置(zhi)，以回(hui)廊相連，富于南(nan)方(fang)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)建筑之(zhi)特色。東宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在松鶴(he)(he)齋之(zhi)東，已毀于火災(zai)。

苑景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)又(you)分湖泊區(qu)(qu)(qu)、平原區(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)山(shan)(shan)岳區(qu)(qu)(qu)。湖泊區(qu)(qu)(qu)是(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)莊風景(jing)的(de)(de)重點(dian)。被小州(zhou)嶼分隔成(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)式各(ge)異、意趣不(bu)同的(de)(de)湖面(mian)，用(yong)長堤、小橋(qiao)、曲(qu)徑縱橫相(xiang)連(lian)。湖岸曲(qu)逶，樓(lou)閣(ge)相(xiang)間，層(ceng)次豐富，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)派江南(nan)水鄉風光。建(jian)筑采(cai)用(yong)分散(san)布局之手(shou)法(fa)，園(yuan)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)園(yuan)，每組建(jian)筑都形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)獨(du)立(li)的(de)(de)小天地。山(shan)(shan)莊72景(jing)就有(you)(you)(you)31景(jing)在湖區(qu)(qu)(qu)。煙(yan)雨(yu)樓(lou)仿嘉興南(nan)湖中(zhong)的(de)(de)煙(yan)雨(yu)樓(lou)而(er)建(jian)。主樓(lou)是(shi)(shi)上下(xia)各(ge)寬5間的(de)(de)兩層(ceng)樓(lou)，周(zhou)圍回廊相(xiang)抱，四(si)面(mian)為對山(shan)(shan)齋(zhai)，齋(zhai)前假山(shan)(shan)上又(you)建(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)六角(jiao)亭，布局玲瓏(long)精巧，環境幽雅宜人，是(shi)(shi)避(bi)暑山(shan)(shan)莊最著名(ming)的(de)(de)勝景(jing)之一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。山(shan)(shan)阜(fu)平臺(tai)(tai)上建(jian)有(you)(you)(you)三(san)間殿和(he)(he)帝(di)王閣(ge)，俗稱“金(jin)山(shan)(shan)亭”，六角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)，共3層(ceng)，內供(gong)玉皇大(da)(da)帝(di)。這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)湖區(qu)(qu)(qu)最高(gao)點(dian)，與煙(yan)雨(yu)樓(lou)同為山(shan)(shan)莊的(de)(de)代表性風景(jing)點(dian)。平原區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)萬樹園(yuan)北依(yi)山(shan)(shan)麓，南(nan)臨湖區(qu)(qu)(qu)，占地80公頃(qing)，遍植名(ming)木佳樹，西(xi)邊地面(mian)空曠，綠草如茵，為清(qing)帝(di)巡幸山(shan)(shan)莊時(shi)放牧之地。園(yuan)內無任何建(jian)筑，只是(shi)(shi)按(an)蒙(meng)古習(xi)俗設置了蒙(meng)古區(qu)(qu)(qu)與活動房(fang)屋(wu)，清(qing)帝(di)常(chang)在此舉行馬技、雜枝、摔跤、放焰火等(deng)活動。并接見各(ge)民族的(de)(de)上層(ceng)人物與外(wai)國使節。御幄專供(gong)皇上使用(yong)，直(zhi)(zhi)徑7丈2尺，幄內張掛(gua)壁毯，地上鋪白氈，頂(ding)(ding)(ding)上掛(gua)各(ge)種精美的(de)(de)宮燈。萬樹園(yuan)旁有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座舍利塔(ta)，形(xing)(xing)制仿杭州(zhou)六和(he)(he)塔(ta)，是(shi)(shi)乾隆十九年(nian)（公元1754年(nian)）改造，高(gao)65米(mi)(mi)，八角(jiao)九層(ceng)。文津閣(ge)是(shi)(shi)皇家(jia)七大(da)(da)藏(zang)書樓(lou)之一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，為藏(zang)《四(si)庫全(quan)書》依(yi)照寧波(bo)天一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)閣(ge)而(er)建(jian)。山(shan)(shan)岳區(qu)(qu)(qu)最著名(ming)的(de)(de)風景(jing)點(dian)是(shi)(shi)梨樹峪，因這(zhe)里有(you)(you)(you)萬樹梨花，花香襲(xi)人，花色似雪而(er)得名(ming)。西(xi)北隅高(gao)峰上，有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座四(si)面(mian)云山(shan)(shan)亭，亭居于(yu)峰巔(dian)，歇(xie)山(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)，四(si)面(mian)開(kai)門窗，可登此俯(fu)覽群山(shan)(shan)，遠近(jin)景(jing)色盡收眼底。棒錘(chui)山(shan)(shan)峰頂(ding)(ding)(ding)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)巨大(da)(da)的(de)(de)石棒錘(chui)，下(xia)面(mian)有(you)(you)(you)石臺(tai)(tai)。棒錘(chui)高(gao)38.29米(mi)(mi)，頂(ding)(ding)(ding)部直(zhi)(zhi)徑15.04米(mi)(mi)，根部直(zhi)(zhi)徑10.7米(mi)(mi)，生成(cheng)(cheng)三(san)百萬年(nian)來，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)挺立(li)不(bu)倒(dao)，為承德一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)奇觀。

避(bi)暑山莊周圍12座(zuo)建(jian)筑(zhu)風(feng)格各異(yi)的(de)寺廟(miao)(miao)(miao)，是當時清(qing)(qing)政府為(wei)了團結(jie)蒙古、新(xin)疆、西藏(zang)(zang)(zang)等(deng)地(di)區的(de)少數民族(zu)，利(li)用宗教作為(wei)籠絡手段而修建(jian)的(de)。其中的(de)8座(zuo)由清(qing)(qing)政府直接(jie)管理，故被稱為(wei)“外八廟(miao)(miao)(miao)”。廟(miao)(miao)(miao)宇按照建(jian)筑(zhu)風(feng)格分(fen)為(wei)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)式(shi)寺廟(miao)(miao)(miao)、漢(han)(han)式(shi)寺廟(miao)(miao)(miao)和(he)漢(han)(han)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)結(jie)合式(shi)寺廟(miao)(miao)(miao)三種。這些寺廟(miao)(miao)(miao)融和(he)了漢(han)(han)、藏(zang)(zang)(zang)等(deng)民族(zu)建(jian)筑(zhu)藝術(shu)的(de)精(jing)華，氣勢宏偉，極具(ju)皇家風(feng)范。

避暑(shu)山(shan)莊及周(zhou)圍寺廟(miao)，是中國(guo)(guo)現存最大的(de)(de)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)帝王苑囿和(he)皇家寺廟(miao)群。它(ta)集中國(guo)(guo)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)造(zao)(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)藝(yi)術和(he)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藝(yi)術之大成(cheng)，是具有創造(zao)(zao)(zao)力的(de)(de)杰(jie)作。在造(zao)(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)上(shang)，它(ta)繼承(cheng)和(he)發展了(le)(le)中國(guo)(guo)古(gu)典園(yuan)(yuan)林“以人為之美入自(zi)然，符合自(zi)然而又(you)超越(yue)自(zi)然”的(de)(de)傳(chuan)統造(zao)(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)思想，總(zong)結(jie)并(bing)創造(zao)(zao)(zao)性地運(yun)用了(le)(le)各(ge)種造(zao)(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)素(su)材(cai)、造(zao)(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)法(fa)，使其(qi)成(cheng)為自(zi)然山(shan)水園(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)園(yuan)(yuan)林化的(de)(de)杰(jie)出(chu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)表。在建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)，它(ta)繼承(cheng)、發展、并(bing)創造(zao)(zao)(zao)性地運(yun)用各(ge)種建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)技(ji)藝(yi)，擷取中國(guo)(guo)南北名園(yuan)(yuan)名寺的(de)(de)精華，仿中有創，表達了(le)(le)“移天縮地在君懷”的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)主題(ti)。在園(yuan)(yuan)林與(yu)(yu)(yu)寺廟(miao)、單(dan)體與(yu)(yu)(yu)組(zu)群建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)具體構建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)上(shang)，避暑(shu)山(shan)莊及周(zhou)圍寺廟(miao)實(shi)現了(le)(le)中國(guo)(guo)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)南北造(zao)(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)和(he)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藝(yi)術的(de)(de)融合。它(ta)囊括了(le)(le)亭臺閣寺等中國(guo)(guo)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)大部分建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)象(xiang)，展示了(le)(le)中國(guo)(guo)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)木(mu)架結(jie)構建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)高超技(ji)藝(yi)，并(bing)實(shi)現了(le)(le)木(mu)架結(jie)構與(yu)(yu)(yu)磚石結(jie)構、漢式建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式與(yu)(yu)(yu)少數民族(zu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式的(de)(de)完(wan)美結(jie)合。加之建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)裝(zhuang)飾及佛教造(zao)(zao)(zao)像等中國(guo)(guo)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)最高超技(ji)藝(yi)的(de)(de)運(yun)用，構成(cheng)了(le)(le)中國(guo)(guo)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)史上(shang)的(de)(de)奇觀。