【船(chuan)舶(bo)的(de)種類(lei)(lei)】船(chuan)舶(bo)的(de)種類(lei)(lei)有(you)哪些 船(chuan)舶(bo)的(de)分類(lei)(lei)及用途介紹(shao)
一、船舶分類的方法
現(xian)代船(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)是為交通運輸、港口(kou)建設(she)(she)、漁業(ye)生產(chan)和科研勘測等服(fu)務(wu)的(de),隨(sui)著工業(ye)的(de)發展,船(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)服(fu)務(wu)面的(de)擴大,船(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)也(ye)日趨(qu)專業(ye)化。不同的(de)部門對船(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)有不同的(de)要求(qiu),使(shi)用權船(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)的(de)航行區域、航行狀態、推(tui)進方(fang)式、動力(li)裝置、造船(chuan)(chuan)材料和用途等到方(fang)面也(ye)各不同,因而船(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)種類繁(fan)多,而這些船(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)在船(chuan)(chuan)型上、構造上、運用性能上和設(she)(she)備上又各有特點(dian)。
1、船舶的航行區域:船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)按航(hang)行區域可分為海洋船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)反作(zuo)用、港灣船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)和內(nei)河船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)三種。航(hang)行內(nei)湖(hu)泊上的船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)一般也歸(gui)入(ru)內(nei)河船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)類(lei)。
2、船舶航行的狀態:船(chuan)(chuan)舶按航(hang)(hang)行(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)態可歸納為浮(fu)(fu)行(xing)(xing)、滑(hua)行(xing)(xing)、騰(teng)空(kong)航(hang)(hang)行(xing)(xing)三種。浮(fu)(fu)行(xing)(xing)是(shi)指船(chuan)(chuan)舶在航(hang)(hang)行(xing)(xing)時(shi),船(chuan)(chuan)體的(de)(de)重量(liang)和排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)相等而瓢浮(fu)(fu)在水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面航(hang)(hang)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)船(chuan)(chuan)舶(又叫做排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)船(chuan)(chuan))。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)下(xia)(xia)潛(qian)航(hang)(hang)的(de)(de)船(chuan)(chuan)舶也屬于浮(fu)(fu)行(xing)(xing)。滑(hua)行(xing)(xing)船(chuan)(chuan)舶是(shi)指高速(su)(su)狀(zhuang)態下(xia)(xia)航(hang)(hang)行(xing)(xing)時(shi),船(chuan)(chuan)體的(de)(de)大部分被水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)動力作用抬起,在水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面滑(hua)行(xing)(xing)。滑(hua)行(xing)(xing)時(shi)船(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)小于靜止(zhi)時(shi)的(de)(de)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang),同時(shi)減(jian)小了濕(shi)表面積,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)阻力大大減(jian)小,使船(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)速(su)(su)度加快。如(ru)快艇、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)翼艇。騰(teng)空(kong)航(hang)(hang)行(xing)(xing)船(chuan)(chuan)舶是(shi)船(chuan)(chuan)身(shen)在完(wan)全(quan)脫離(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態下(xia)(xia)航(hang)(hang)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)。如(ru)氣墊(dian)船(chuan)(chuan)和沖翼艇。
3、推進方式:船舶按進方式可分為原始的撐篙、拉繹、劃槳、搖櫓等人力推進的船舶和風力推進的帆船;機械推進的明輪船,噴水船、螺旋槳船、以及空氣推進船等。dc明輪是(shi)船舶(bo)以機(ji)器(qi)作為動力以來(lai)(lai),最古老的(de)一種推進(jin)(jin)器(qi)。以后(hou)又出(chu)現(xian)把推進(jin)(jin)哭(ku)裝在(zai)船的(de)艉部水(shui)面以下部分的(de)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)槳推進(jin)(jin)器(qi),后(hou)來(lai)(lai),對少數殊要求(qiu)的(de)船舶(bo)有的(de)在(zai)艉部螺(luo)(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)槳上加上導管(guan),也有在(zai)艏(shou)部加裝輔助的(de)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)槳。大多數船舶(bo)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)槳的(de)葉片是(shi)固定的(de),對經常(chang)駐要求(qiu)改變工(gong)況的(de)船,采用可調螺(luo)(luo)(luo)距的(de)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)槳。淺水(shui)航道中的(de)船舶(bo)還有噴水(shui)推進(jin)(jin)的(de)。全浮式氣墊船和(he)騰空(kong)艇上則用空(kong)氣螺(luo)(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)槳推進(jin)(jin)。
4、動力裝置:船(chuan)(chuan)舶按動(dong)力(li)裝置的(de)種類(lei)可分為(wei)(wei)蒸汽(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)船(chuan)(chuan)、內燃(ran)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)船(chuan)(chuan),。電(dian)(dian)力(li)推進船(chuan)(chuan)和核動(dong)力(li)裝置船(chuan)(chuan)。早期(qi)使用(yong)的(de)蒸汽(qi)(qi)(qi)往復機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)目前已被淘汰。汽(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(有蒸汽(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和燃(ran)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji))在(zai)一些(xie)高速(su)客船(chuan)(chuan)和軍(jun)艦上使用(yong)。現在(zai)各(ge)類(lei)船(chuan)(chuan)舶應用(yong)最(zui)廣(guang)的(de)是柴油機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)力(li)裝置。小艇上也有用(yong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)油機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)作為(wei)(wei)動(dong)力(li)的(de)。電(dian)(dian)動(dong)推進船(chuan)(chuan)是以內燃(ran)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)或(huo)蒸汽(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)驅動(dong)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(或(huo)直接用(yong)蓄電(dian)(dian)池)發電(dian)(dian),再(zai)帶(dai)動(dong)與螺(luo)旋(xuan)槳(jiang)聯成一體(ti)的(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)推進船(chuan)(chuan)舶。這種動(dong)力(li)裝置的(de)螺(luo)旋(xuan)槳(jiang)轉速(su)可任意調節,且操作簡(jian)單、操縱方便(bian),為(wei)(wei)有特殊要求(qiu)的(de)船(chuan)(chuan)舶采用(yong),如(ru)潛艇、破冰船(chuan)(chuan)廠、科學考察船(chuan)(chuan)、火車渡船(chuan)(chuan)等。核動(dong)力(li)裝置是當前世界上較先進的(de)動(dong)力(li)裝置,它以核反(fan)應堆(dui)通(tong)過原子核的(de)反(fan)應,產(chan)生蒸汽(qi)(qi)(qi)熱能來(lai)驅動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運轉。
二、船舶的分類有哪些
由于船舶的發展,現(xian)代(dai)船舶的種類很(hen)多,可(ke)以有各(ge)種各(ge)樣的分類方(fang)法,
如按(an)(an)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體材料分(fen)(fen),有(you)(you)(you)木船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、鋼船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)和(he)(he)玻璃鋼船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)等;按(an)(an)航(hang)(hang)(hang)行區域分(fen)(fen),有(you)(you)(you)遠(yuan)洋(yang)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、近(jin)洋(yang)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、沿(yan)海船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)和(he)(he)內(nei)(nei)河船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)等;按(an)(an)動(dong)(dong)力裝置分(fen)(fen),有(you)(you)(you)蒸汽(qi)機船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、內(nei)(nei)燃(ran)機船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、汽(qi)輪機船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、電動(dong)(dong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)和(he)(he)核動(dong)(dong)力船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)等;按(an)(an)推進方(fang)式分(fen)(fen),有(you)(you)(you)明(ming)輪船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、螺(luo)旋(xuan)槳船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、平(ping)旋(xuan)推進器(qi)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)和(he)(he)風帆(fan)助(zhu)航(hang)(hang)(hang)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)等;按(an)(an)航(hang)(hang)(hang)行方(fang)式分(fen)(fen),有(you)(you)(you)自航(hang)(hang)(hang)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)和(he)(he)非自航(hang)(hang)(hang)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan);按(an)(an)航(hang)(hang)(hang)行狀態分(fen)(fen),有(you)(you)(you)排水(shui)(shui)型(xing)和(he)(he)非排水(shui)(shui)型(xing)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)。而最能說明(ming)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)特征的是按(an)(an)照船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)的用(yong)途來分(fen)(fen)類(lei),首先可分(fen)(fen)為軍用(yong)和(he)(he)民用(yong)兩大類(lei)。
(一)民用船舶的分類:
運輸船——客船、客貨船、貨船(雜貨(huo)船(chuan)(chuan)、散貨(huo)船(chuan)(chuan)、集裝箱船(chuan)(chuan)、滾裝船(chuan)(chuan)、載駁(bo)船(chuan)(chuan)、油船(chuan)(chuan)、液化氣(qi)體(ti)船(chuan)(chuan)、冷藏船(chuan)(chuan)等)、渡(du)船(chuan)(chuan)、駁(bo)船(chuan)(chuan)等。
工程船——挖泥船(chuan)(chuan)、起(qi)重船(chuan)(chuan)、浮船(chuan)(chuan)塢、救撈船(chuan)(chuan)、布設船(chuan)(chuan)(布纜(lan)船(chuan)、敷管船(chuan)等)、打樁船(chuan)。
漁業船——網類(lei)漁船(拖(tuo)網(wang)漁(yu)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、圍網(wang)漁(yu)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、刺網(wang)漁(yu)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)等)、釣(diao)類魚船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、捕鯨船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、漁(yu)業加工船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、漁(yu)業調查船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、冷藏運輸船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)等。
港務船——破冰(bing)船(chuan)(chuan)、引航(hang)船(chuan)(chuan)、消防(fang)船(chuan)(chuan)、供應船(chuan)(chuan)、交通船(chuan)(chuan)、工作船(測量船船、航標(biao)船等)、浮(fu)油回收船等。
海洋開發船——海洋調查船,、深潛(qian)器(qi)(艇(ting))、鉆井船、鉆井平臺等。
拖船和推船——海洋拖船(chuan)、港作(zuo)拖船(chuan)、,內河拖船(chuan)、海洋拖船(chuan)、內河拖船(chuan)等(deng)。、燈標發展中的高速(su)船(chuan)艇——水翼艇(ting)(劃水(shui)(shui)式(shi)水(shui)(shui)翼(yi)(yi)艇(ting)、全浸式(shi)水(shui)(shui)翼(yi)(yi)艇(ting))、氣(qi)(qi)墊(dian)船(chuan)(全浮式(shi)氣(qi)(qi)墊(dian)船(chuan)、側壁式(shi)氣(qi)(qi)墊(dian)船(chuan))、沖翼(yi)(yi)艇(ting)、半潛式(shi)小水(shui)(shui)面艇(ting)、穿浪船(chuan)等(deng)。
民用船舶分類中通常是按用途進行劃分,現分別具體介紹如下:
1、客船(passenger vessel)是指用于(yu)運(yun)送(song)旅客(ke)及其(qi)攜帶行李(li)的船(chuan)舶。對兼(jian)運(yun)少量貨(huo)物的客(ke)船(chuan)也稱(cheng)客(ke)貨(huo)船(chuan)。由于(yu)客(ke)船(chuan)多為(wei)(wei)定(ding)期定(ding)航線航行,又稱(cheng)客(ke)班(ban)船(chuan)。具有多層甲板的上層建筑,有較(jiao)好的抗沉性(xing),一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)(wei)“二艙(cang)不沉制”,船(chuan)速較(jiao)高,一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)(wei)16-20節(kn)。乘客(ke)>12人。
在《國際海上人命安(an)(an)全公(gong)約(yue)(yue)》(SOLAS公(gong)約(yue)(yue))中規(gui)定,凡載客(ke)超過(guo)12人的(de)船(chuan)舶應視(shi)為(wei)客(ke)船(chuan)。客(ke)船(chuan)的(de)外(wai)形如圖所示。其特點是具有良好的(de)航海性能(neng),安(an)(an)全設備與生活設施完(wan)善,上層建(jian)筑(zhu)高大,船(chuan)速較高,一般在20kn(節,海里(li)/小時)左右。
有(you)的短途客(ke)船(chuan)采用水(shui)翼艇(hydrofoil craft)和(he)氣墊船(chuan)(hover craft),船(chuan)速一般在40kn左右(you)。
2、干貨船(cargo ship)根據所裝貨物(wu)及(ji)船舶結構(gou)、設備不同,可(ke)分為:
(1)普通貨(huo)(huo)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(general cargo ship):亦稱雜(za)貨(huo)(huo)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),特征是貨(huo)(huo)艙(cang)設計(ji)成多(duo)層甲板結(jie)構(gou)通常為(wei)(wei)2-3層甲板,為(wei)(wei)便于裝(zhuang)卸(xie),各貨(huo)(huo)艙(cang)的(de)(de)(de)艙(cang)口尺寸均較大,并(bing)配(pei)吊桿(2-5T)或起(qi)重機(120T)。一般設3-6個貨(huo)(huo)艙(cang)。雜(za)貨(huo)(huo)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)一般是指定期航行(xing)于貨(huo)(huo)運繁(fan)忙的(de)(de)(de)航線,以裝(zhuang)運零星雜(za)貨(huo)(huo)為(wei)(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶。這種(zhong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)航行(xing)速度較快(kuai),船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)上配(pei)有足夠的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)吊設備,船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶構(gou)造中(zhong)有多(duo)層甲板把船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)艙(cang)分隔成多(duo)層貨(huo)(huo)柜,以適(shi)應裝(zhuang)載不同貨(huo)(huo)物的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)。
(2)散(san)(san)裝船(bulk cargo vessel)專(zhuan)門運糧(liang)、礦(kuang)、煤等(deng),由于散(san)(san)貨不(bu)怕壓,為(wei)裝卸(xie)方(fang)便,其(qi)貨艙均為(wei)單甲(jia)板(ban)。根(gen)據結(jie)構不(bu)同分(fen)為(wei)以下幾種類(lei)型。
干散(san)貨(huo)船(chuan)(Bulk Cargo Ship)是用以裝載無包裝的大(da)宗(zong)貨(huo)物(wu)的船(chuan)舶。依所裝貨(huo)物(wu)的種類不同,又可分為(wei)糧谷船(chuan)(Grain Ship)、煤船(chuan)(Collier)和(he)礦砂船(chuan)(Ore Ship)。這(zhe)種船(chuan)大(da)都為(wei)單甲板,艙(cang)(cang)內不設(she)支柱,但設(she)有(you)隔板,用以防(fang)止在風浪中運行的艙(cang)(cang)內貨(huo)物(wu)錯(cuo)位。特點(dian)是艙(cang)(cang)口圍(wei)板高(gao)而大(da),貨(huo)艙(cang)(cang)橫剖(pou)面成(cheng)棱形(xing),這(zhe)樣既可減少平艙(cang)(cang)工作,貨(huo)艙(cang)(cang)四角(jiao)的三角(jiao)形(xing)艙(cang)(cang)柜為(wei)壓載水艙(cang)(cang),可調節吃水和(he)穩性高(gao)度。
散貨船的類型
靈便(bian)(bian)型散(san)貨船(Handysize bulk carrier):指載(zai)重量在2-5萬(wan)噸(dun)左(zuo)右(you)的散(san)貨船,其中超(chao)過4萬(wan)噸(dun)的船舶又被(bei)稱為(wei)大(da)靈便(bian)(bian)型散(san)貨船(Handymax bulk carrier)。眾(zhong)所(suo)周知,干散(san)貨是海運的大(da)宗(zong)貨物,這些噸(dun)位相對(dui)較(jiao)小的船舶具有(you)較(jiao)強的對(dui)航道(dao)、運河及港(gang)口的適應性,載(zai)重噸(dun)量適中,且多配有(you)起(qi)卸貨設備(bei),營運方便(bian)(bian)靈活,因而被(bei)稱之為(wei)“靈便(bian)(bian)型”。
巴拿(na)馬型(xing)散貨(huo)船(chuan)(Panamax bulk carrier):顧名思義,該型(xing)船(chuan)是指在(zai)滿載(zai)(zai)情況下可以通過(guo)巴拿(na)馬運河(he)(he)的(de)最(zui)大型(xing)散貨(huo)船(chuan),即(ji)主(zhu)要(yao)滿足(zu)船(chuan)舶總長不超過(guo)274.32,型(xing)寬不超過(guo)32.30米的(de)運河(he)(he)通航有關(guan)規定(ding)。根(gen)據(ju)需要(yao),調整船(chuan)舶的(de)尺(chi)度、船(chuan)型(xing)及結(jie)構來改變載(zai)(zai)重(zhong)量,該型(xing)船(chuan)載(zai)(zai)重(zhong)量一般在(zai)6-7.5萬噸之間。
好望(wang)角型(xing)散貨船(chuan)(Capesize bulk carrier):指載重量在15萬噸(dun)左右的散貨船(chuan),該船(chuan)型(xing)以運輸鐵礦(kuang)石為主(zhu),由(you)于尺度限制(zhi)不可(ke)能通過巴(ba)拿馬運河和蘇伊士(shi)運河,需(xu)繞行好望(wang)角和合(he)恩(en)角,臺灣(wan)省稱之(zhi)為“海岬”型(xing)。由(you)于近年蘇伊士(shi)運河當(dang)局已放寬通過運河船(chuan)舶(bo)的吃水限制(zhi),該型(xing)船(chuan)多(duo)可(ke)滿載通過該運河。
大(da)湖型(xing)散(san)貨船(chuan)(chuan)(Lake bulk carrier):是指經由圣勞倫斯水(shui)道航(hang)行于(yu)美(mei)國、加拿大(da)交界處五大(da)湖區的散(san)貨船(chuan)(chuan),以承(cheng)運煤炭、鐵礦石和糧食為(wei)主。該(gai)型(xing)船(chuan)(chuan)尺(chi)度上要(yao)滿足圣勞倫斯水(shui)道通航(hang)要(yao)求,船(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)總長(chang)不(bu)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)222.50米,型(xing)寬(kuan)不(bu)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)23.16米,且橋樓任何(he)部分不(bu)得(de)伸(shen)出船(chuan)(chuan)體外,吃水(shui)不(bu)得(de)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)各大(da)水(shui)域最大(da)允許吃水(shui),桅桿頂端距水(shui)面高度不(bu)得(de)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)35.66,該(gai)型(xing)船(chuan)(chuan)一(yi)般在(zai)3萬噸左右,大(da)多配有起卸貨設(she)備。
3、礦石船(ore carrier)由于礦石比重大,占(zhan)艙容小,使船舶重心偏低,故(gu)為提高重心高度,其(qi)雙層底特(te)別高,而貨艙兩側的壓載(zai)艙也大。礦石-石油運(yun)輸船(ore-oil carrier)
(二)軍用艦艇的分類:
水面戰斗艦艇——航空母艦(jian)、直升機(ji)母艦(jian)、戰列艦(jian)、巡洋艦(jian),驅逐艦(jian)、護衛艦(jian)、導彈艇、魚(yu)雷(lei)艇、獵潛艇、護衛艇等。
水中戰斗艦艇——攻擊型潛艇(柴(chai)油機(ji)動(dong)力、電動(dong)機(ji)動(dong)力)、戰略導(dao)彈潛艇(常規(gui)動(dong)力、核動(dong)力)。
特種戰斗艦船——兩棲艦艇(兩棲指揮艦、兩棲攻(gong)擊艦、船(chuan)塢(wu)登(deng)陸艦、兩棲船(chuan)塢(wu)運(yun)輸艦、坦克(ke)登(deng)陸艦、兩棲貨船(chuan)、車(che)輛人員(yuan)登(deng)陸艇(ting)、通用登(deng)陸艇(ting))、布雷(lei)艦艇(ting)、掃雷(lei)艦艇(ting)、獵(lie)雷(lei)艇(ting)。
輔助艦艇——后支援(yuan)船(運輸(shu)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、艦隊補給船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、供應維修船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、衛(wei)生勤務船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、撈(lao)雷船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan))、海上(shang)救(jiu)助船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(近岸救(jiu)助船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、遠洋救(jiu)助船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、潛艇救(jiu)助船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、破冰船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan))、情報(bao)支援船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(海洋調查(cha)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、偵察船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、通訊船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、測量(liang)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan))、試(shi)驗訓練船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(導彈(dan)靶船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、導彈(dan)測量(liang)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、兵(bing)器試(shi)驗船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、海軍訓練船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)),港(gang)務支援船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(港(gang)口建設船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、港(gang)口作業船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、港(gang)口勤務船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)等,這類船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)同民(min)用(yong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)如勘(kan)探船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、打(da)樁船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、起重船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、駁船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、拖船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、挖泥(ni)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、交通船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、引水船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、供水船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、航標船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、燈(deng)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、消防船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、浮船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)塢等)。