電動車蓄電池的使用和保養

鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)池是(shi)(shi)現在電(dian)動(dong)車主要采用(yong)的(de)電(dian)池，蓄電(dian)池不是(shi)(shi)用(yong)壞(huai)的(de)而(er)是(shi)(shi)充(chong)壞(huai)的(de)，決非(fei)危言聳(song)聽，蓄電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)性(xing)能好壞(huai)對蓄電(dian)池的(de)使用(yong)壽命和使用(yong)性(xing)能起著舉足輕(qing)重的(de)作用(yong)，必須重視(shi)。

1、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深度對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池循(xun)環使(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)影(ying)響很大，這是因為放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深度越(yue)深，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極膨脹收縮量(liang)越(yue)大，正極的活性物質脫落(luo)越(yue)多，從而(er)失去放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特(te)性，性能(neng)下(xia)降，直至壽命(ming)終止。所(suo)以(yi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池使(shi)用(yong)時應盡量(liang)避免深度放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，做到(dao)(dao)淺放(fang)勤充，一般情況(kuang)應做到(dao)(dao)：蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池以(yi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深度為50%-70%時充一次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)最佳(jia)。

2、蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓后(hou)，繼續放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）會嚴重(zhong)損害蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，這是因(yin)為此時極易形成不可逆硫酸(suan)鹽化，從而使(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復能力變(bian)差，甚(shen)至(zhi)無(wu)法修復。所以(yi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用(yong)時應防止(zhi)過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，“欠(qian)壓保(bao)護”是有效的措施。“欠(qian)壓保(bao)護”措施是由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)的，但因(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)儀表和指示燈等耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)不受(shou)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)，所以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)鎖一旦合(he)上(shang)就(jiu)開(kai)始用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，雖然電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流小(xiao)，但若長時間放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)就(jiu)會出現(xian)過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。因(yin)此，不得(de)長時間開(kai)鎖，不用(yong)時應立即關掉。

3、充(chong)(chong)電電流(liu)應小于(yu)或等于(yu)蓄(xu)電池可(ke)以接受的(de)充(chong)(chong)電電流(liu)，否則，過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)電產生(sheng)的(de)過(guo)(guo)剩(sheng)電流(liu)會使電解水液過(guo)(guo)快地(di)消耗掉，并產生(sheng)嚴重(zhong)的(de)析氣現象，時間(jian)長了將使充(chong)(chong)電變得十分困(kun)難，所以充(chong)(chong)電時因(yin)盡(jin)可(ke)能防止(zhi)過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)電。正規(gui)廠家生(sheng)產的(de)充(chong)(chong)電器可(ke)確保不對電池過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)電。

4、鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)尤其怕虧(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，虧(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放(fang)置3-7天，將有可能永久(jiu)損壞，因此，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用過后請盡快充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對于長(chang)期(qi)不使用的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，應每隔15天左(zuo)右(you)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一次，以補償電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)存放(fang)時的(de)自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)損失。

5、蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在高溫季節運(yun)行，主(zhu)要(yao)存在過充電(dian)(dian)的(de)問題(ti)。因此，夏天應(ying)(ying)盡量降低蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫度，保(bao)證良好的(de)散熱，防止(zhi)在烈日暴(bao)曬(shai)后即充電(dian)(dian)，并應(ying)(ying)遠離熱源(yuan)。在低溫情況(kuang)下，充電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)要(yao)存在充電(dian)(dian)接受能力差、充電(dian)(dian)不(bu)足造成電(dian)(dian)池(chi)虧電(dian)(dian)的(de)問題(ti)。低溫時應(ying)(ying)采取(qu)保(bao)溫防凍措施(shi)，特別(bie)是充電(dian)(dian)時應(ying)(ying)放在溫暖的(de)環境(jing)中，有利于保(bao)證充足電(dian)(dian)，防止(zhi)不(bu)可(ke)逆硫(liu)酸鹽化的(de)產生，延長蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)使用壽命。

6、一(yi)般情況下，放電深(shen)度較大的(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)使用壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)在1年(nian)左(zuo)右，放電深(shen)度在50%-70%的(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)在1年(nian)半左(zuo)右。個別廠家生產的(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)可(ke)以達到2年(nian)以上。