《天(tian)際(ji)烏云帖》又(you)稱《嵩陽帖》,蘇(su)軾詩(shi)文一(yi)章,行書(shu),真跡曾由明代項元汴收藏,清歸(gui)翁方綱,有翁氏(shi)題跋。共三十六行,計三百零七個字。藏處不詳。
此(ci)(ci)(ci)帖(tie)無年(nian)(nian)(nian)款,據清翁(weng)方(fang)綱(gang)所考(kao)(kao),蘇軾有(you)(you)《常潤道中(zhong)(zhong),有(you)(you)懷錢(qian)(qian)唐(tang),寄述古五首》之(zhi)(zhi)作,其次章有(you)(you)“去年(nian)(nian)(nian)柳絮飛(fei)時節,記得(de)金籠放雪(xue)衣(yi)”句,并(bing)自注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“杭人以放鴿為(wei)(wei)太(tai)守(shou)壽。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)正(zheng)是帖(tie)中(zhong)(zhong)所言陳太(tai)守(shou)放營(ying)妓周韶事(shi),杭人稱譽之(zhi)(zhi)。因周韶詩(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)“開(kai)籠若放雪(xue)衣(yi)女”事(shi),正(zheng)應放鴿為(wei)(wei)壽。此(ci)(ci)(ci)在熙(xi)寧(ning)五、六年(nian)(nian)(nian)間事(shi)。翁(weng)氏又(you)考(kao)(kao)蘇詩(shi)(shi)外集(ji)有(you)(you)《過(guo)濰(wei)州(zhou)驛(yi),見蔡君(jun)(jun)(jun)謨題(ti)詩(shi)(shi)壁上(shang)(shang)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“綽約新嬌(jiao)生眼底,逡巡舊事(shi)上(shang)(shang)眉尖。春來試問愁(chou)多少,得(de)似春潮夜夜添。不知為(wei)(wei)誰而作也(ye)?和一(yi)首》。此(ci)(ci)(ci)事(shi)在蘇軾自密(mi)州(zhou)移(yi)徐州(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)際,即(ji)在熙(xi)寧(ning)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)蘇軾濰(wei)州(zhou)度歲時。翁(weng)氏即(ji)猜(cai)此(ci)(ci)(ci)帖(tie)在熙(xi)寧(ning)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)書(shu)。然(ran)詩(shi)(shi)與帖(tie)又(you)有(you)(you)矛盾(dun):帖(tie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“仆(pu)在錢(qian)(qian)塘(tang)”見“堂(tang)前小閣中(zhong)(zhong)壁上(shang)(shang)”書(shu)蔡君(jun)(jun)(jun)謨“綽約新嬌(jiao)”詩(shi)(shi),而詩(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“過(guo)濰(wei)州(zhou)驛(yi),見蔡君(jun)(jun)(jun)謨題(ti)詩(shi)(shi)壁上(shang)(shang)云(yun)(yun)(yun):‘綽約新嬌(jiao)……'。”二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)必(bi)有(you)(you)一(yi)偽。再,《蘇文忠公詩(shi)(shi)編(bian)注(zhu)(zhu)集(ji)成總案》又(you)載蘇軾《題(ti)蔡君(jun)(jun)(jun)謨詩(shi)(shi)草》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“此(ci)(ci)(ci)蔡君(jun)(jun)(jun)謨—《夢中(zhong)(zhong)》—詩(shi)(shi),真(zhen)跡(ji)在濟明家,筆(bi)力遒(qiu)勁。”并(bing)自署為(wei)(wei)“元(yuan)(yuan)皊(ling)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)月四日”。此(ci)(ci)(ci)是蘇軾知杭州(zhou)事(shi),距(ju)初悴杭州(zhou)又(you)十(shi)五、六年(nian)(nian)(nian)時間。這(zhe)又(you)留下一(yi)個可猜(cai)想的余地。但帖(tie)中(zhong)(zhong)“仆(pu)在錢(qian)(qian)塘(tang)”云(yun)(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun)(yun),書(shu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)帖(tie)時必(bi)不在錢(qian)(qian)塘(tang)。因之(zhi)(zhi),斷為(wei)(wei)熙(xi)寧(ning)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)左右較合理(li)。然(ran)翁(weng)氏在帖(tie)考(kao)(kao)中(zhong)(zhong)又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)此(ci)(ci)(ci)帖(tie)書(shu)頗類《滿庭芳詞——為(wei)(wei)王(wang)長官作》和《上(shang)(shang)清宮詞》書(shu)。前者(zhe)(zhe)書(shu)于(yu)元(yuan)(yuan)豐六年(nian)(nian)(nian),后者(zhe)(zhe)書(shu)于(yu)元(yuan)(yuan)皊(ling)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)。因此(ci)(ci)(ci)斷定在熙(xi)寧(ning)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)至元(yuan)(yuan)皊(ling)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)這(zhe)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)間。此(ci)(ci)(ci)又(you)平(ping)添一(yi)重(zhong)疑難(nan)也(ye)。
翁(weng)氏收藏此帖(tie)后,又引起了(le)是(shi)(shi)否鈞填本(ben)的爭論。因存(cun)世蘇書(shu)鉤填本(ben)很多,而此帖(tie)紙質擦損嚴重(zhong),“有(you)(you)二一描失處(chu)”,故(gu)疑(yi)之。但翁(weng)氏肯定說這是(shi)(shi)真跡本(ben),并將此帖(tie)與(yu)《快雪(xue)堂帖(tie)》刻本(ben)逐一比較(jiao),而斷定《快雪(xue)堂帖(tie)》刻本(ben)所據(ju)乃為董其昌記載所見之摹本(ben)。在沒(mei)有(you)(you)尋(xun)找到更(geng)多的證(zheng)據(ju)前,我們尊重(zhong)翁(weng)氏之論,也是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)道理的。
“天際烏云(yun)(yun)(yun)含雨(yu)重,樓前紅日照山明(ming)。嵩(song)陽居士(shi)今何(在),青眼看人(ren)(ren)萬里情。”此蔡(cai)君謨(mo)《夢中(zhong)》詩(shi)也。仆在錢塘,一(yi)日謁陳述(shu)(古),邀余(yu)飲堂(tang)前小合中(zhong)。壁(bi)上小書一(yi)絕,君謨(mo)真(zhen)跡也。“綽(chuo)約(yue)新嬌生眼底,侵尋舊事上眉尖(jian)。問(wen)君別后愁多少,得似春潮夜夜添。”又(you)有(you)人(ren)(ren)和云(yun)(yun)(yun):“長垂(chui)玉筋殘妝臉,肯(ken)為金釵露指尖(jian)。萬斛閑(xian)愁何日盡(jin),一(yi)分真(zhen)態更難添。”二詩(shi)皆可(ke)觀,后詩(shi)不(bu)知誰作也。杭州(zhou)營(ying)籍(ji)周韶(shao),多蓄奇茗,常與君謨(mo)斗,勝(sheng)之。韶(shao)又(you)知作詩(shi)。子容過杭,述(shu)古飲之,韶(shao)泣求落籍(ji)。子容曰:“可(ke)作一(yi)絕,”韶(shao)援筆立成、曰:“隴上巢空歲月驚(jing),忍看回首自梳(shu)翎(ling)。開籠若放雪衣女,長念觀音般(ban)若經。”韶(shao)時(shi)有(you)服(fu),衣白,一(yi)坐(zuo)嗟嘆(tan)。遂落籍(ji)。同輩皆有(you)詩(shi)送之,二人(ren)(ren)者最(zui)善。胡楚云(yun)(yun)(yun):“淡妝輕素鶴翎(ling)紅,移入朱(zhu)欄便不(bu)同。應笑西園舊桃李(li),強(qiang)勻(yun)顏色待東風。”龍靚(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“桃花流水(shui)本無塵,一(yi)落人(ren)(ren)間(jian)幾(ji)度春。解(jie)佩(pei)暫酬交甫意(yi),濯纓還作武(wu)陵人(ren)(ren)。”故(gu)知杭人(ren)(ren)多惠(hui)也。