《多寶塔碑(bei)(bei)》全(quan)稱(cheng)為《大唐西(xi)京千(qian)福寺多寶佛塔感應碑(bei)(bei)》,是唐天寶十一年(752年)由當(dang)時的文(wen)人岑勛撰文(wen)、書(shu)法(fa)家(jia)徐浩題額、書(shu)法(fa)家(jia)顏(yan)真卿書(shu)丹、碑(bei)(bei)刻(ke)家(jia)史華(hua)刻(ke)石而成,是楷(kai)書(shu)書(shu)法(fa)作品。現今保存(cun)于西(xi)安碑(bei)(bei)林(lin)第(di)二室。
此碑(bei)共(gong)三十(shi)四(si)行,滿行六(liu)(liu)十(shi)六(liu)(liu)字,內容主要記(ji)載(zai)了西京(jing)龍興寺禪(chan)師楚金創建多(duo)(duo)寶塔(ta)之原委(wei)及修建經過。整體秀美剛勁,清爽宜人(ren),有(you)簡潔明快,字字珠(zhu)璣之感。用筆豐厚遒美,腴(yu)潤沉(chen)穩;橫細豎(shu)粗(cu),對比(bi)強(qiang)烈;起(qi)筆多(duo)(duo)露鋒,收(shou)筆多(duo)(duo)回鋒,轉折多(duo)(duo)頓(dun)筆。結體嚴(yan)謹(jin)致密,緊湊規整,平穩勻稱,又碑(bei)版(ban)精良,存字較多(duo)(duo),學顏體者多(duo)(duo)從此碑(bei)下手,入其(qi)堂奧(ao)。
(碑(bei)額)大唐西(xi)京千福寺多寶佛(fo)塔感應碑(bei)文。
南陽岑勛撰。
朝議(yi)郎(lang)判尚書(shu)武部員外郎(lang)瑯邪顏真卿書(shu)。
朝散大夫檢校(xiao)尚書(shu)都(dou)官郎中東海徐浩題額(e)。
粵(yue)《妙(miao)(miao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)蓮華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)》,諸(zhu)佛(fo)(fo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秘(mi)藏(zang)也(ye)(ye);多(duo)寶(bao)佛(fo)(fo)塔(ta)(ta)(ta),證經(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)踴現(xian)也(ye)(ye)。發明(ming)(ming)資(zi)乎十(shi)(shi)(shi)力,弘(hong)(hong)建在于(yu)(yu)(yu)四依。有(you)(you)禪(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi),法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)號楚金,姓程,廣(guang)(guang)平(ping)人也(ye)(ye)。祖、父并京(jing)(jing)著釋門,慶歸法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)胤。母高氏,久而無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)妊,夜(ye)(ye)(ye)夢諸(zhu)佛(fo)(fo),覺而有(you)(you)娠。是生龍(long)象之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)征,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)取(qu)熊羆(pi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兆。誕彌厥(jue)月(yue),炳然(ran)(ran)(ran)殊相。岐(qi)嶷絕于(yu)(yu)(yu)葷(hun)茹,齠齔不(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)童游(you)。道(dao)(dao)樹萌芽,聳(song)豫(yu)章(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)楨干;禪(chan)(chan)池畎澮,涵(han)巨(ju)海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)波濤。年(nian)(nian)(nian)甫七(qi)歲(sui),居(ju)然(ran)(ran)(ran)厭俗,自(zi)(zi)誓出家,禮(li)藏(zang)探經(jing),《法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)》在手(shou)。宿命(ming)潛悟(wu),如(ru)(ru)識金環;總(zong)持(chi)(chi)不(bu)(bu)遺,若注瓶水(shui)。九歲(sui)落發,住西(xi)京(jing)(jing)龍(long)興(xing)寺,從僧(seng)箓也(ye)(ye)。進(jin)具之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年(nian)(nian)(nian),升座講(jiang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。頓(dun)收珍(zhen)藏(zang),異(yi)窮子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疾走;直詣(yi)寶(bao)山,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)化城而可息。爾(er)后,因(yin)(yin)(yin)靜(jing)夜(ye)(ye)(ye)持(chi)(chi)誦(song)至(zhi)《多(duo)寶(bao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)品(pin)》,身心(xin)泊然(ran)(ran)(ran),如(ru)(ru)入(ru)禪(chan)(chan)定。忽見(jian)寶(bao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta),宛在目(mu)(mu)前,釋迦分身,遍滿(man)空(kong)界(jie)。行(xing)(xing)(xing)勤圣(sheng)(sheng)現(xian),業凈感(gan)深(shen),悲(bei)生悟(wu)中(zhong),淚下如(ru)(ru)雨。遂布衣(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)食,不(bu)(bu)出戶庭,期滿(man)六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian),誓建茲塔(ta)(ta)(ta)。既而許王(wang)瓘及(ji)(ji)居(ju)士(shi)趙(zhao)崇、信女(nv)普意,善來(lai)稽(ji)首,咸舍(she)珍(zhen)財(cai)。禪(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)輯莊嚴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)因(yin)(yin)(yin),資(zi)爽塏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di),利(li)見(jian)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)福,默(mo)議于(yu)(yu)(yu)心(xin)。時(shi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)福有(you)(you)懷忍禪(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi),忽于(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)夜(ye)(ye)(ye),見(jian)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui),發源龍(long)興(xing),流注千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)福,清澄泛(fan)滟(yan),中(zhong)有(you)(you)方舟(zhou)。又(you)(you)見(jian)寶(bao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)自(zi)(zi)空(kong)而下,久之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乃滅(mie),即(ji)今建塔(ta)(ta)(ta)處(chu)也(ye)(ye)。寺內(nei)凈人名法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)相,先(xian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)地(di),復見(jian)燈光(guang)(guang),遠(yuan)望則(ze)明(ming)(ming),近(jin)尋即(ji)滅(mie)。竊以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)流開于(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)性,舟(zhou)泛(fan)表(biao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)慈航,塔(ta)(ta)(ta)現(xian)兆于(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)成,燈明(ming)(ming)示于(yu)(yu)(yu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)盡(jin)(jin):非至(zhi)德(de)精(jing)(jing)感(gan),其(qi)(qi)孰能與(yu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)此?及(ji)(ji)禪(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)建言(yan),雜然(ran)(ran)(ran)歡愜:負畚荷(he)插(cha),于(yu)(yu)(yu)橐(tuo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)囊;登(deng)登(deng)憑憑,是板是筑。灑以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)香(xiang)水(shui),隱以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)金錘(chui)。我(wo)(wo)能竭誠,工乃用壯(zhuang)。禪(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)每夜(ye)(ye)(ye)于(yu)(yu)(yu)筑階(jie)所,懇志誦(song)經(jing),勵精(jing)(jing)行(xing)(xing)(xing)道(dao)(dao)。眾聞(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)樂,咸嗅(xiu)異(yi)香(xiang),喜嘆(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin),圣(sheng)(sheng)凡相半(ban)。至(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)寶(bao)元載(zai)(zai),創構材木,肇(zhao)安相輪(lun)。禪(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)理(li)會(hui)(hui)佛(fo)(fo)心(xin),感(gan)通帝(di)夢。七(qi)月(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)日,敕(chi)內(nei)侍趙(zhao)思偘求諸(zhu)寶(bao)坊,驗以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)所夢。入(ru)寺見(jian)塔(ta)(ta)(ta),禮(li)問(wen)禪(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi),圣(sheng)(sheng)夢有(you)(you)孚,法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)名惟(wei)肖。其(qi)(qi)日,賜(si)錢五十(shi)(shi)(shi)萬、絹千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)匹(pi),助建修也(ye)(ye)。則(ze)知精(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing),雖先(xian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)而不(bu)(bu)違;純如(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin),當后佛(fo)(fo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)授記。昔(xi)漢明(ming)(ming)永平(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,大(da)(da)(da)化初(chu)流;我(wo)(wo)皇(huang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)寶(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年(nian)(nian)(nian),寶(bao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)斯建。同(tong)(tong)符千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)古,昭有(you)(you)烈光(guang)(guang)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)時(shi)道(dao)(dao)俗景附,檀施山積(ji),庀徒度財(cai),功百(bai)其(qi)(qi)倍矣(yi)。至(zhi)二載(zai)(zai),敕(chi)中(zhong)使楊(yang)順景宣(xuan)旨,令禪(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)花萼(e)樓(lou)下迎多(duo)寶(bao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)額。遂總(zong)僧(seng)事(shi)(shi)(shi),備法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)儀。宸眷俯臨(lin),額書下降(jiang),又(you)(you)賜(si)絹百(bai)匹(pi)。圣(sheng)(sheng)札飛毫,動云(yun)龍(long)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣象;天(tian)(tian)(tian)文掛塔(ta)(ta)(ta),駐日月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)(guang)輝。至(zhi)四載(zai)(zai),塔(ta)(ta)(ta)事(shi)(shi)(shi)將就,表(biao)請慶齋,歸功帝(di)力。時(shi)僧(seng)道(dao)(dao)四部,會(hui)(hui)逾萬人。有(you)(you)五色云(yun),團(tuan)輔塔(ta)(ta)(ta)頂(ding),眾盡(jin)(jin)瞻睹,莫不(bu)(bu)崩(beng)悅。大(da)(da)(da)哉觀佛(fo)(fo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)(guang)利(li),用賓于(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)王(wang)。禪(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)謂同(tong)(tong)學曰(yue):鵬運滄(cang)溟,非云(yun)羅(luo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可頓(dun);心(xin)游(you)寂滅(mie),豈愛網(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能加?精(jing)(jing)進(jin)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門,菩薩以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自(zi)(zi)強不(bu)(bu)息,本期同(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing),復遂宿心(xin)。鑿(zao)井見(jian)泥,去(qu)水(shui)不(bu)(bu)遠(yuan);鉆木未熱,得(de)火何階(jie)?凡我(wo)(wo)七(qi)僧(seng),聿懷一(yi)(yi)(yi)志,晝夜(ye)(ye)(ye)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)下,誦(song)持(chi)(chi)《法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)》。香(xiang)煙不(bu)(bu)斷(duan),經(jing)聲遞續,炯以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)常,沒(mei)身不(bu)(bu)替。自(zi)(zi)三(san)載(zai)(zai),每春秋(qiu)二時(shi),集同(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)(da)德(de)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)九人,行(xing)(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)三(san)昧。尋奉恩旨,許為(wei)(wei)(wei)恒式。前后道(dao)(dao)場所感(gan)舍(she)利(li),凡三(san)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)粒;至(zhi)六(liu)(liu)載(zai)(zai),欲葬舍(she)利(li),預嚴道(dao)(dao)場,又(you)(you)降(jiang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)八粒;畫普賢變,于(yu)(yu)(yu)筆(bi)鋒(feng)上(shang)聯得(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)九粒。莫不(bu)(bu)圓(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)自(zi)(zi)動,浮(fu)光(guang)(guang)瑩然(ran)(ran)(ran)。禪(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)我(wo)(wo)觀身,了(le)空(kong)求法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),先(xian)刺血寫(xie)《法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)部、《菩薩戒》一(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)、《觀普賢行(xing)(xing)(xing)經(jing)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan),乃取(qu)舍(she)利(li)三(san)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)粒,盛以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)石函,兼造自(zi)(zi)身石影,跪而戴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),同(tong)(tong)置塔(ta)(ta)(ta)下,表(biao)至(zhi)敬也(ye)(ye)。使夫舟(zhou)遷夜(ye)(ye)(ye)壑,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)變度門;劫算(suan)墨塵(chen)(chen),永垂貞(zhen)范。又(you)(you)奉為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)上(shang)及(ji)(ji)蒼生寫(xie)《妙(miao)(miao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)蓮華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)部(金字三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)部),用鎮寶(bao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)。又(you)(you)寫(xie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)部,散(san)施受持(chi)(chi)。靈應既多(duo),具如(ru)(ru)本傳。其(qi)(qi)載(zai)(zai)敕(chi)內(nei)侍吳(wu)懷實賜(si)金銅香(xiang)爐,高一(yi)(yi)(yi)丈五尺(chi),奉表(biao)陳(chen)謝,手(shou)詔批(pi)云(yun):“師(shi)(shi)(shi)弘(hong)(hong)濟(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愿,感(gan)達(da)人天(tian)(tian)(tian);莊嚴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin),義成因(yin)(yin)(yin)果(guo)。”則(ze)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)施財(cai)施,信所宜先(xian)也(ye)(ye)。主(zhu)上(shang)握至(zhi)道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)靈符,受如(ru)(ru)來(lai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)印,非禪(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)慧超悟(wu),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)感(gan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)宸衷,非主(zhu)上(shang)至(zhi)圣(sheng)(sheng)文明(ming)(ming),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鑒于(yu)(yu)(yu)誠愿。倬彼寶(bao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta),為(wei)(wei)(wei)章(zhang)梵宮。經(jing)始之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功,真僧(seng)是葺;克成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業,圣(sheng)(sheng)主(zhu)斯崇。爾(er)其(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)狀也(ye)(ye),則(ze)岳(yue)聳(song)蓮披,云(yun)垂蓋偃,下欻(hu)崛以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)踴地(di),上(shang)亭盈而媚空(kong),中(zhong)晻晻其(qi)(qi)靜(jing)深(shen),旁(pang)赫赫以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)弘(hong)(hong)敞。碝磩承陛,瑯玕綷檻,玉瑱(tian)居(ju)楹(ying),銀(yin)黃拂戶,重(zhong)檐疊于(yu)(yu)(yu)畫栱,反宇環其(qi)(qi)璧(bi)珰。坤(kun)靈赑屃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)負砌,天(tian)(tian)(tian)祗(zhi)儼雅(ya)而翊戶。或復肩(jian)挐(ru)(上(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)加)摯鳥,肘擐修蛇,冠盤巨(ju)龍(long),帽抱猛獸,勃(bo)如(ru)(ru)戰色,有(you)(you)奭(shi)其(qi)(qi)容(rong)。窮繪事(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筆(bi)精(jing)(jing),選(xuan)朝英之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)偈(jie)贊。若乃開扃(jiong)鐍(jue),窺奧秘(mi),二尊分座,疑對(dui)鷲山,千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)帙發題,若觀龍(long)藏(zang),金碧炅晃,環佩(pei)葳蕤;至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)列三(san)乘(cheng),分八部,圣(sheng)(sheng)徒翕習,佛(fo)(fo)事(shi)(shi)(shi)森羅(luo)。方寸千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)名,盈尺(chi)萬象,大(da)(da)(da)身現(xian)小,廣(guang)(guang)座能卑;須(xu)彌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容(rong),欻(hu)入(ru)芥子(zi),寶(bao)蓋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狀,頓(dun)覆三(san)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。昔(xi)衡(heng)岳(yue)思大(da)(da)(da)禪(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)三(san)昧傳悟(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)臺(tai)智(zhi)者(zhe),爾(er)來(lai)寂寥(liao),罕契真要。法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)不(bu)(bu)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)久廢,生我(wo)(wo)禪(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi),克嗣(si)其(qi)(qi)業,繼明(ming)(ming)二祖,相望百(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)。夫其(qi)(qi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)也(ye)(ye),開玄關于(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)念,照(zhao)圓(yuan)(yuan)鏡于(yu)(yu)(yu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)方,指(zhi)陰界(jie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)妙(miao)(miao)門,駈塵(chen)(chen)勞為(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)侶,聚沙能成佛(fo)(fo)道(dao)(dao),合掌已入(ru)圣(sheng)(sheng)流。三(san)乘(cheng)教(jiao)門,總(zong)而歸一(yi)(yi)(yi);八萬法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)藏(zang),我(wo)(wo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)最雄(xiong)。譬猶滿(man)月(yue)麗天(tian)(tian)(tian),螢(ying)光(guang)(guang)列宿;山王(wang)映海,蟻垤群峰(feng)。嗟(jie)乎,三(san)界(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沉寐久矣(yi)!佛(fo)(fo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)木鐸,惟(wei)我(wo)(wo)禪(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)超然(ran)(ran)(ran)深(shen)悟(wu)。其(qi)(qi)貌也(ye)(ye),岳(yue)瀆(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秀,冰雪(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)姿,果(guo)唇貝齒(chi),蓮目(mu)(mu)月(yue)面。望之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厲(li),即(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溫,睹相未言(yan),而降(jiang)伏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)已過(guo)半(ban)矣(yi)。同(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)禪(chan)(chan)師(shi)(shi)(shi)抱玉、飛錫,襲衡(heng)臺(tai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秘(mi)躅(zhu),傳止(zhi)觀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)(jing)義,或名高帝(di)選(xuan),或行(xing)(xing)(xing)密眾師(shi)(shi)(shi),共弘(hong)(hong)開示之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗,盡(jin)(jin)契圓(yuan)(yuan)常之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)。門人苾芻如(ru)(ru)巖(yan)、靈悟(wu)、凈真、真空(kong)、法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)濟(ji)等,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定慧為(wei)(wei)(wei)文質,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)戒忍為(wei)(wei)(wei)剛(gang)柔,含樸(pu)玉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)(guang)輝,等旃檀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圍繞。夫發行(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)因(yin)(yin)(yin),因(yin)(yin)(yin)圓(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)福廣(guang)(guang);起因(yin)(yin)(yin)者(zhe)相,相遣(qian)則(ze)慧深(shen)。求無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei),通解脫于(yu)(yu)(yu)文字,舉事(shi)(shi)(shi)徵理(li),含毫強名。偈(jie)曰(yue):
佛有妙法,比象蓮華(hua)。圓頓深入,真凈無瑕。慧通(tong)法界,福利恒沙。直至寶所,俱乘大車。(其一(yi))
於戲上士(shi),發(fa)行正勤。緬(mian)想寶塔,思弘勝因。圓階已(yi)就(jiu),層覆(fu)初陳。乃昭帝夢,福應天人。(其二)
輪(lun)奐斯崇,為章凈域。真僧草創,圣主增飾。中座(zuo)耽耽,飛檐翼翼。薦臻靈(ling)感,歸我帝(di)力。(其三)
念(nian)彼后學(xue),心滯迷封。昏衢未曉,中道難(nan)逢。常(chang)驚夜杌(wu),還懼真(zhen)龍。不有(you)禪(chan)伯,誰(shui)明大宗(zong)。(其四)
大(da)海吞流(liu),崇山納(na)壤。教(jiao)門(men)稱(cheng)頓,慈(ci)力(li)能(neng)廣。功起聚(ju)沙(sha),德成合掌(zhang)。開佛知見,法為無(wu)上。(其五)
情塵雖雜,性海(hai)無(wu)漏。定養(yang)圣胎(tai),染(ran)生迷鷇。斷常起縛,空色同謬。薝葡現前,馀香何嗅?(其六)
彤彤法宇,繄我(wo)四(si)依。事該理暢,玉粹金(jin)輝。慧鏡(jing)無垢(gou),慈燈(deng)照微。空王(wang)可(ke)托,本愿(yuan)同(tong)歸。(其(qi)七)
天寶十(shi)一載,歲次壬(ren)辰,四(si)月乙丑(chou)朔(shuo),廿二日戊戌建。
敕(chi)檢校塔使:正(zheng)議(yi)大夫(fu)行內侍趙(zhao)思(si)偘。判官:內府丞車沖。檢校:僧義方(fang)。河南(nan)史華刻。
唐朝天(tian)寶(bao)年(nian)間,楚(chu)金禪師夜誦(song)《法華(hua)經(jing)》時,仿佛(fo)(fo)有多(duo)寶(bao)佛(fo)(fo)塔(ta)(ta)呈現眼(yan)前,他想把幻覺中的多(duo)寶(bao)佛(fo)(fo)塔(ta)(ta)變(bian)為現實,誓志籌建(jian)。在(zai)修造期間,甚至出(chu)現了(le)種種靈應(ying)和神奇的事情。這份(fen)誠意感動(dong)了(le)唐玄(xuan)宗,于(yu)是賞賜(si)錢帛,并親題塔(ta)(ta)額。經(jing)過4年(nian)的努力(li),多(duo)寶(bao)佛(fo)(fo)塔(ta)(ta)終于(yu)在(zai)天(tian)寶(bao)十(shi)一年(nian)(752年(nian))建(jian)成。
而(er)時(shi)任武部員外郎、44歲的(de)(de)(de)(de)顏(yan)真(zhen)卿被選中來(lai)書(shu)寫碑文(wen)。顏(yan)真(zhen)卿和當(dang)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大多數知識分(fen)子一樣是(shi)正統的(de)(de)(de)(de)儒家,但(dan)也(ye)信奉(feng)佛教,他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)書(shu)法(fa)風(feng)格直接“二王”、歐、虞、褚(chu)余風(feng),而(er)又與唐人寫經有明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相似之處(chu)。碑文(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作者岑勛,是(shi)詩人岑參的(de)(de)(de)(de)從弟;題(ti)寫碑額的(de)(de)(de)(de)徐浩,年長顏(yan)真(zhen)卿6歲,是(shi)當(dang)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)書(shu)法(fa)名家,也(ye)是(shi)張旭(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)生,這(zhe)是(shi)他(ta)倆第(di)一次(ci)合作書(shu)碑;史華(hua)則是(shi)當(dang)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)刻碑高手。
顏(yan)真卿(709年(nian)—784年(nian)),字清(qing)臣,小名羨門子(zi),別號(hao)應方(fang),京兆萬年(nian)(今陜西西安)人,唐代(dai)名臣、書法家(jia)。開元二(er)十二(er)年(nian)(734年(nian)),登進士第,歷任監察御史(shi)、殿中侍御史(shi)。官至吏部尚(shang)書、太(tai)子(zi)太(tai)師(shi),封(feng)魯郡公,人稱“顏(yan)魯公”。與趙(zhao)孟頫、柳公權、歐陽(yang)詢并(bing)稱為“楷書四大家(jia)”。又與柳公權并(bing)稱“顏(yan)柳”,被稱為“顏(yan)筋柳骨”。代(dai)表作品有《多寶塔碑》《顏(yan)勤禮(li)碑》《祭侄文稿》等。
該碑用筆(bi)(bi)(bi)多(duo)中(zhong)鋒,起(qi)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)和收(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)有明(ming)顯的頓按。起(qi)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)藏鋒為主,兼(jian)用露鋒,方(fang)(fang)圓并(bing)用。有些橫(heng)(heng)畫起(qi)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)較為外露,不同于(yu)柳體(ti)(ti)的齊(qi)頭方(fang)(fang)腳,而(er)是(shi)稍存斜(xie)尖,并(bing)參以含(han)蓄的筆(bi)(bi)(bi)意使之變化豐富(fu);收(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)用頓筆(bi)(bi)(bi)和回鋒的較多(duo),強(qiang)調“護尾”,尤其于(yu)橫(heng)(heng)畫中(zhong)最為明(ming)顯,寫橫(heng)(heng)行至收(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)處,常向右下(xia)方(fang)(fang)重按,頓筆(bi)(bi)(bi)回鋒,體(ti)(ti)現出顏體(ti)(ti)的雄渾、大氣之韻,豎(shu)畫粗壯,渾厚力(li)強(qiang)。橫(heng)(heng)、豎(shu)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)畫粗細(xi)對比鮮明(ming),富(fu)節奏、韻律美(mei)感,也把顏體(ti)(ti)的一個“筋”的意味完整地表(biao)達出來。
顏體(ti)(ti)撇(pie)畫較輕(qing)盈挺健,捺(na)畫卻粗壯有(you)(you)力,有(you)(you)“蠶頭燕尾”之(zhi)稱,給人以剛健的動感,尤(you)其是捺(na)腳較長,頓挫(cuo)后踢出開(kai)衩(cha),含蓄而又有(you)(you)峻(jun)利(li)之(zhi)感。另外,顏體(ti)(ti)捺(na)畫的捺(na)腳多(duo)與撇(pie)畫鋒尖(jian)持平或稍低,不似柳體(ti)(ti)的撇(pie)低捺(na)高,而呈(cheng)現出一(yi)種舒展沉穩之(zhi)美。《多(duo)寶塔(ta)碑》轉(zhuan)折(zhe)變化較多(duo),主要有(you)(you)提聳肩頓挫(cuo)和按(an)筆削肩暗(an)轉(zhuan)之(zhi)法,有(you)(you)方有(you)(you)圓(yuan),方圓(yuan)兼施。該碑具有(you)(you)唐楷“尚法”的典型(xing)特征,結體(ti)(ti)寬(kuan)博,布白較勻整,字(zi)型(xing)稍方,端(duan)莊平穩,正(zheng)氣(qi)飽滿,已初顯顏體(ti)(ti)成熟(shu)期正(zheng)面示人、雄(xiong)渾豪邁(mai)的書風。
《多寶(bao)塔碑》整篇結(jie)(jie)構嚴(yan)密,字行(xing)間有(you)(you)(you)烏絲欄(lan)界(jie)格,其結(jie)(jie)體寬(kuan)博,布白較(jiao)勻整,字型(xing)稍方,端(duan)莊平穩,正氣(qi)飽(bao)滿,布勢均(jun)勻,四周撐滿,故氣(qi)勢雄偉,這是(shi)“顏(yan)體”佛書(shu)(shu)的(de)又(you)一特色。顏(yan)真卿的(de)結(jie)(jie)體,用的(de)是(shi)“外拓”筆法(fa),字勢方正,撇捺竭力(li)向左右拓展,氣(qi)勢博大恢弘。無論獨體字,還是(shi)合體字,都以中心軸(zhou)線為(wei)重心,在結(jie)(jie)構處理上(shang),既(ji)講究規矩,又(you)生動活潑(po)。在楷書(shu)(shu)史上(shang)還沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)一個人有(you)(you)(you)過這樣的(de)結(jie)(jie)體方式,尤其是(shi)捺腳,重拙而不作波曳之(zhi)狀(zhuang),線條澀重雄強,氣(qi)概非凡。
《多(duo)寶塔碑》的(de)章法(fa)之(zhi)美(mei):整(zheng)幅作品縱橫整(zheng)齊(qi)。從縱看,字的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心在中(zhong)(zhong)軸線上;字的(de)大小配合得當。整(zheng)體雄偉恢(hui)弘(hong),實(shi)也秀媚(mei)多(duo)姿。
明代學者(zhe)孫鑛(kuang)《書畫跋》:“此是(shi)(shi)魯公最(zui)勻(yun)穩書,亦盡(jin)秀(xiu)媚(mei)多姿,第微帶(dai)俗,正是(shi)(shi)近世掾史(shi)家鼻祖。”
明代戲(xi)曲(qu)理(li)論家(jia)何(he)良俊《四(si)友(you)齋書論》:“正所謂世下最傳(chuan)者(zhe),蓋魯公書妙在險(xian)勁,而(er)此書太整(zheng)齊,失(shi)之板(ban)耳。”
現(xian)代書法(fa)家歐陽中(zhong)(zhong)石:“它是顏碑中(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)講用筆,法(fa)度最(zui)為細密嚴謹的(de)一部。”
陜(shan)西師范大學(xue)(xue)歷史文化學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)教授張(zhang)懋镕:“整(zheng)篇結構嚴密,點畫圓整(zheng),端莊而(er)不(bu)呆板。”
《多(duo)寶塔碑(bei)》蘊含了“二王”和(he)初唐(tang)以(yi)來(lai)(lai)書家的風流(liu),歷來(lai)(lai)為書家珍重。它是唐(tang)代“尚法(fa)”的代表碑(bei)刻之(zhi)一,學顏體(ti)者多(duo)從(cong)此(ci)碑(bei)下手,入其堂奧。學子描(miao)紅、士子舉業、居士寫經、坊間印書,競相仿效。至今仍(reng)是適用非常廣、影響十分巨大(da)的書法(fa)作品。
顏(yan)真卿(qing)傳世書碑之(zhi)(zhi)作中,《多寶(bao)塔(ta)碑》所(suo)蘊文(wen)獻價(jia)值是(shi)非常(chang)大的(de)。其(qi)一(yi),此(ci)碑書寫(xie)厚重,石(shi)料堅硬細(xi)膩(ni),加上運用了直(zhi)刀深刻(ke)法進行鐫刻(ke),因(yin)而(er)歷經1000多年的(de)錘拓仍完好如初(chu),字(zi)口清晰,神(shen)采奕(yi)奕(yi)。除康熙年間碑石(shi)斷(duan)裂損泐二十字(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)外,無(wu)缺文(wen)、疑(yi)字(zi),這(zhe)對賞(shang)鑒顏(yan)書、校考碑文(wen)、考辨(bian)各(ge)代拓本流傳都甚為有(you)利(li)。其(qi)二,碑文(wen)撰(zhuan)者岑勛、多寶(bao)塔(ta)出資助修者許王瓘,檢閱(yue)史(shi)(shi)籍后考得生平事跡一(yi)二,或可補史(shi)(shi)志未載。其(qi)三,碑文(wen)所(suo)記禪師(shi)(shi)楚金事可與同(tong)門僧人(ren)飛錫撰(zhuan)《楚金禪師(shi)(shi)碑》及(ji)佛(fo)教文(wen)獻互參校考。其(qi)四,多寶(bao)塔(ta)碑敘記之(zhi)(zhi)事多有(you)虛誕,但基于唐玄宗時(shi)佛(fo)教發展達于極盛,伽(jia)藍之(zhi)(zhi)數較唐初(chu)幾增一(yi)倍的(de)史(shi)(shi)實,反觀(guan)此(ci)碑言(yan)及(ji),亦無(wu)疑(yi)是(shi)對當時(shi)“抑(yi)而(er)不毀”的(de)佛(fo)教之(zhi)(zhi)況、政教關系的(de)一(yi)種反映。
《多寶塔碑(bei)》,唐天寶十(shi)一年(752年)四月(yue)二(er)(er)十(shi)二(er)(er)日刻立。碑(bei)原在長安城安定坊千(qian)佛寺,北宋初移(yi)入文廟(miao),后又移(yi)至西安碑(bei)林。
清康(kang)熙年間,此碑左(zuo)側近中部處,即三十(shi)一(yi)行至(zhi)三十(shi)四(si)行(最末四(si)行)泐去半(ban)圓形一(yi)大塊,泐二(er)十(shi)字。故(gu)凡此處碑字不損者(zhe),必為清初(chu)拓本。