《爭座位(wei)帖》,又名《論座帖》《爭座位(wei)稿》《與郭仆(pu)射書(shu)》,為唐廣德二年(nian)(764年(nian))十一月顏(yan)真卿(qing)致尚書(shu)右仆(pu)射、定襄郡(jun)王郭英乂的(de)信函,是顏(yan)真卿(qing)行草書(shu)法的(de)代表作,原跡已佚,刻(ke)石存西安(an)碑林(lin)。
《爭座(zuo)位(wei)帖(tie)》原稿(gao)(gao)(gao)用唐畿縣獄狀磓熟紙(zhi)寫就,共七頁,禿(tu)筆書,有(you)夾行(xing)小(xiao)注和勾改痕(hen)跡(ji),短行(xing)不(bu)計共六十(shi)八行(xing),全文計一千一百九十(shi)三字(zi)。顏真(zhen)卿在信中直指郭英乂于(yu)安福寺(si)興道(dao)會上藐視禮(li)儀,諂媚(mei)宦官魚朝恩,致其禮(li)遇高于(yu)六部尚書之(zhi)事,字(zi)里行(xing)間洋溢(yi)著(zhu)忠義之(zhi)氣。該帖(tie)隨意自如,揮灑有(you)度,為歷代書家所重,與王羲(xi)之(zhi)的(de)《蘭亭(ting)集序》并稱(cheng)(cheng)行(xing)書“雙璧”,又與《祭(ji)侄文稿(gao)(gao)(gao)》《告伯(bo)父文稿(gao)(gao)(gao)》并稱(cheng)(cheng)為“顏氏三稿(gao)(gao)(gao)”。
十一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月日,金紫(zi)光(guang)祿大夫檢校(xiao)邢部尚(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)(shang)柱國(guo)魯郡開(kai)國(guo)公顏真(zhen)卿,謹(jin)奉寓書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)於(wu)右(you)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)定(ding)襄郡王(wang)郭(guo)公閣下(xia)(xia)(xia),蓋太上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)立(li)(li)德(de),其(qi)次有(you)(you)(you)立(li)(li)功,是之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)朽。抑又(you)(you)聞(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),端揆者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),百寮(liao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)師長。諸(zhu)侯王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),人(ren)臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)極地,今仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)挺不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)朽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功業,當人(ren)臣極地。豈不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)才為(wei)世出,功冠(guan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)時。挫思(si)明(ming)跋扈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)師,抗回紇無厭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)請(qing),故得(de)身(shen)畫淩(ling)煙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閣,名藏太室之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)廷(ting),吁足(zu)(zu)畏(wei)也(ye)。然美(mei)則美(mei)矣(yi),然而(er)終之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)難。故曰(yue)(yue):滿而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)溢,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)長守(shou)富也(ye)。高(gao)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)危(wei),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)長守(shou)貴(gui)(gui)也(ye)。可(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)儆懼(ju)乎?書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)曰(yue)(yue):爾(er)唯(wei)弗矜(jin)(jin),天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)莫與汝爭功。爾(er)唯(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)伐,天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)莫與汝爭能。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)齊桓公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛業,片言勤王(wang),則九(jiu)合諸(zhu)侯,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)匡天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)。葵(kui)丘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會,微有(you)(you)(you)振(zhen)矜(jin)(jin),而(er)叛者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)九(jiu)國(guo)。故曰(yue)(yue):行(xing)百里者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)半九(jiu)十里,言晚節(jie)未(wei)(wei)(wei)路(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)難也(ye)。從(cong)古(gu)至今,自(zi)我高(gao)祖(zu)太宗(zong)已來,未(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)行(xing)此(ci)(ci)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)理,廢(fei)此(ci)(ci)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亂者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。前者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)菩提寺行(xing)香,仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)指(zhi)麾(hui)宰(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)與兩省(sheng)(sheng)三(san)(san)(san)(san)省(sheng)(sheng)已下(xia)(xia)(xia)常(chang)參(can)官并(bing)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)坐,魚(yu)開(kai)府(fu)及仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)率諸(zhu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)坐,若(ruo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)時從(cong)權(quan),亦(yi)猶未(wei)(wei)(wei)可(ke)。何(he)況(kuang)積習更行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎?一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)昨以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)郭(guo)令(ling)公父子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun),破犬羊兇逆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)眾,眾情欣(xin)喜(xi),恨不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)頂而(er)戴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是用(yong)有(you)(you)(you)興道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會,仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)又(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)悟前失。徑率意而(er)指(zhi)麾(hui),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧班秩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)下(xia)(xia)(xia),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)論文武之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左(zuo)右(you),茍以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)取悅(yue)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)容(rong)為(wei)心。曾不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧百寮(liao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)側目,亦(yi)何(he)異清畫攫(jue)金之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士哉(zai)?甚非謂(wei)也(ye)。君子愛人(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禮,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)竊見聞(wen)姑(gu)息(xi)。仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)得(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)深念之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎?真(zhen)卿偶聞(wen)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)容(rong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)人(ren),清修(xiu)梵行(xing),深入佛(fo)海,況(kuang)乎收東京(jing)有(you)(you)(you)殄城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業,守(shou)陜城(cheng)有(you)(you)(you)戴天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功,朝(chao)野之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),所(suo)共景仰,豈獨有(you)(you)(you)分於(wu)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)哉(zai)。加以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)利衰涂割,恬然於(wu)心。固不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)毀加怒,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)敬(jing)加喜(xi)。尚(shang)(shang)(shang)何(he)半席之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)座(zuo)咫尺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地能泊(bo)其(qi)志(zhi)哉(zai)。且(qie)(qie)鄉里上(shang)(shang)齒,宗(zong)廟上(shang)(shang)爵(jue),朝(chao)廷(ting)上(shang)(shang)位(wei)(wei),皆有(you)(you)(you)等威,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)長幼(you)。故得(de)彝倫敘(xu)而(er)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)和(he)平也(ye)。且(qie)(qie)上(shang)(shang)自(zi)宰(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)御史(shi)大夫兩省(sheng)(sheng)五品(pin)(pin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)供奉官自(zi)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing),十二衛大將軍(jun)(jun)(jun)次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。三(san)(san)(san)(san)師三(san)(san)(san)(san)公令(ling)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)少師保傅(fu)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)左(zuo)右(you)侍郎自(zi)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing),九(jiu)鄉三(san)(san)(san)(san)監(jian)(jian)(jian)對(dui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),從(cong)古(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)然,未(wei)(wei)(wei)嘗參(can)錯,至如(ru)節(jie)度軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將,各有(you)(you)(you)本班卿監(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)班。將軍(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)將軍(jun)(jun)(jun)位(wei)(wei),縱是開(kai)府(fu)特進,并(bing)是勛官,用(yong)蔭即(ji)有(you)(you)(you)高(gao)卑,會燕合依倫敘(xu),豈可(ke)裂(lie)冠(guan)毀冕,反易彜倫,貴(gui)(gui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)卑所(suo)凌,尊者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)賤所(suo)逼,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)至於(wu)此(ci)(ci),振(zhen)古(gu)未(wei)(wei)(wei)聞(wen)。如(ru)魚(yu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)容(rong)階雖開(kai)府(fu),官即(ji)監(jian)(jian)(jian)門將軍(jun)(jun)(jun),朝(chao)廷(ting)列位(wei)(wei),自(zi)有(you)(you)(you)次敘(xu),但以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)功績既(ji)(ji)高(gao),恩(en)澤(ze)(ze)莫二,出入王(wang)命(ming),眾人(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)為(wei)此(ci)(ci),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)令(ling)居本位(wei)(wei),須(xu)別示有(you)(you)(you)尊崇(chong),只可(ke)于(yu)宰(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)師保座(zuo)南,橫安一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)位(wei)(wei),如(ru)御史(shi)臺眾尊知難事御史(shi),別置一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)榻,使百寮(liao)共得(de)瞻仰,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亦(yi)可(ke)乎?圣皇時,開(kai)府(fu)高(gao)力士承(cheng)恩(en)傅(fu)宣,亦(yi)只如(ru)此(ci)(ci)橫座(zuo),亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)聞(wen)別有(you)(you)(you)禮數(shu)。亦(yi)何(he)必令(ling)他(ta)失位(wei)(wei),如(ru)李(li)輔國(guo)倚(yi)承(cheng)恩(en)澤(ze)(ze),徑居左(zuo)右(you)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)及三(san)(san)(san)(san)公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)。令(ling)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)疑怪乎?古(gu)人(ren)云:益(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三(san)(san)(san)(san)友,損者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三(san)(san)(san)(san)友,愿仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)與軍(jun)(jun)(jun)容(rong)為(wei)直(zhi)諒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)友,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愿仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)為(wei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)容(rong)佞柔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)友。又(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)昨裴(pei)仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)誤欲(yu)令(ling)左(zuo)右(you)承(cheng)勾(gou)嘗尚(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),嘗時輒有(you)(you)(you)訓對(dui)。仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)恃貴(gui)(gui),張目見尤,介眾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲(yu)顯過。今者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)與道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會,還爾(er)遂非,再(zai)謁八座(zuo)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),欲(yu)令(ling)便(bian)向下(xia)(xia)(xia)座(zuo)。州縣軍(jun)(jun)(jun)城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禮,亦(yi)恐(kong)未(wei)(wei)(wei)然。朝(chao)廷(ting)公宴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)應若(ruo)此(ci)(ci)。今既(ji)(ji)若(ruo)此(ci)(ci),仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)意只應以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)。若(ruo)州佐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與縣令(ling)乎?若(ruo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)同(tong)于(yu)縣令(ling),則仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)見尚(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)令(ling),得(de)如(ru)上(shang)(shang)佐事刺(ci)史(shi)乎?益(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然矣(yi)。今既(ji)(ji)三(san)(san)(san)(san)廳齊列,足(zu)(zu)明(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)刺(ci)史(shi)且(qie)(qie)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)令(ling)與仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she),同(tong)是二品(pin)(pin),只校(xiao)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)階,六朝(chao)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)并(bing)正三(san)(san)(san)(san)品(pin)(pin),又(you)(you)非隔(ge)品(pin)(pin)致敬(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類。尚(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)禮數(shu)未(wei)(wei)(wei)敢(gan)有(you)(you)(you)失。仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)顧尚(shang)(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),何(he)乃欲(yu)同(tong)卑吏?又(you)(you)據宋書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)有(you)(you)(you)百官志(zhi),八座(zuo)同(tong)是第三(san)(san)(san)(san)品(pin)(pin),隋及國(guo)家(jia)始(shi)升,別作(zuo)二品(pin)(pin)。高(gao)自(zi)標(biao)致,誠(cheng)則尊崇(chong),向下(xia)(xia)(xia)擠排,無乃傷甚況(kuang)再(zai)於(wu)公堂,猲咄常(chang)伯,當為(wei)令(ling)公初到(dao),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲(yu)紛披,黽(min)勉就(jiu)命(ming),亦(yi)非理屈。朝(chao)廷(ting)紀綱,須(xu)共存立(li)(li),遇(yu)爾(er)隳壞(huai),亦(yi)恐(kong)及身(shen)。明(ming)天(tian)子忽震電含怒,責(ze)轂彜倫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),則仆(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)其(qi)將何(he)辭以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)對(dui)。
《爭座(zuo)位帖(tie)》是顏真卿寫給郭英乂的一封書信的草稿。事(shi)情的起(qi)因是唐朝(chao)的中興名將郭子儀凱旋還(huan)朝(chao),代(dai)宗(zong)命(ming)文(wen)武(wu)百(bai)官于長安(an)城舉(ju)(ju)行(xing)歡迎儀式。負責安(an)排(pai)百(bai)官排(pai)列次(ci)序(xu)的郭英乂為取悅于大(da)宦官魚朝(chao)恩,不顧朝(chao)廷規制,刻意將魚朝(chao)恩的座(zuo)位排(pai)在品階(jie)比(bi)他高的幾位尚(shang)書之前。對(dui)于這(zhe)樣露骨的獻媚之舉(ju)(ju),一向以正色立朝(chao)的顏真卿憤然致(zhi)書郭英乂,對(dui)其所(suo)(suo)作所(suo)(suo)為進行(xing)嚴(yan)詞斥(chi)責。
顏(yan)真(zhen)(zhen)卿(qing)(709年—784年),字(zi)清臣(chen),京(jing)兆萬(wan)年(今(jin)(jin)陜西(xi)西(xi)安)人(ren),祖籍瑯玡(ya)臨(lin)沂(yi)(yi)(今(jin)(jin)山東臨(lin)沂(yi)(yi)),唐朝名臣(chen)、書法(fa)家。顏(yan)真(zhen)(zhen)卿(qing)擅長行、楷(kai),初學褚(chu)遂良(liang),后師從張旭,得其筆法(fa),其正楷(kai)端莊雄(xiong)偉,行書氣勢遒勁,創“顏(yan)體”楷(kai)書,對后世影響很大,與(yu)趙孟頫、柳(liu)公權、歐(ou)陽(yang)詢并稱(cheng)為(wei)“楷(kai)書四大家”,又與(yu)柳(liu)公權并稱(cheng)“顏(yan)柳(liu)”,被稱(cheng)為(wei)“顏(yan)筋柳(liu)骨”。
《爭座位帖》不少筆(bi)(bi)(bi)意是(shi)從顏書楷體演(yan)化而來,寫得更(geng)為疾速,更(geng)為放逸,書風跌宕浪漫(man),全以中鋒(feng)用(yong)筆(bi)(bi)(bi),氣(qi)足意滿(man),殺紙(zhi)之氣(qi)溢于(yu)(yu)紙(zhi)外,似(si)乎天地之間貫穿著(zhu)股豪邁的正義(yi)力量,無堅不摧。雖是(shi)信手寫來,但筆(bi)(bi)(bi)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)之中氣(qi)韻飽滿(man),靜動有態(tai)(tai),大小參差。以直筆(bi)(bi)(bi)為主(zhu),渾厚藏拙,質樸(pu)蒼勁(jing),奇(qi)偉秀拔(ba),筆(bi)(bi)(bi)勢縱橫,筆(bi)(bi)(bi)力矯健,筆(bi)(bi)(bi)鋒(feng)雄勁(jing)爽利(li)。《爭座位帖》筆(bi)(bi)(bi)法(fa)中的圓(yuan)勁(jing),是(shi)篆籀的生化,在圓(yuan)潤之中更(geng)有勁(jing)節,飛動之中更(geng)帶韌(ren)性,融北(bei)朝的雄渾遒逸和(he)中唐(tang)的肥(fei)勁(jing)寬博于(yu)(yu)一爐,勁(jing)立拔(ba)豪宕,姿態(tai)(tai)飛動。
《爭座位帖(tie)》以行書(shu)為(wei)體,草書(shu)輔之。結字是(shi)正書(shu)中快寫縱(zong)逸(yi),以筆(bi)勢的(de)(de)婉健流動(dong)為(wei)契機(ji)來(lai)發(fa)行、草之變,既富(fu)“飛動(dong)詭形異狀(zhuang)”之態,又(you)不失有凝重勁拔的(de)(de)神韻。它與(yu)《祭侄稿(gao)》一樣沒(mei)有刻(ke)意做作的(de)(de)成分,是(shi)一種在(zai)自然的(de)(de)傾訴式的(de)(de)書(shu)寫中達到了書(shu)寫的(de)(de)極(ji)則,將本我的(de)(de)真、藝術內質的(de)(de)美、空間的(de)(de)騰挪(nuo)起伏(fu)表現融(rong)為(wei)一體。
從章法上看(kan),《爭座位帖》通篇(pian)構成了自然疊嶂、雄逸茂暢(chang)、舒和爛漫的(de)(de)心靈圖(tu)畫,一派天(tian)機之(zhi)中(zhong),凜冽正義(yi)的(de)(de)精神凸出。使人從中(zhong)可以(yi)體(ti)味出顏真卿剛強耿直、樸素敦(dun)厚的(de)(de)性格。因(yin)為寫的(de)(de)是(shi)書信(xin),是(shi)草稿書,所以(yi)信(xin)手(shou)寫來,故而(er)前松后緊,行(xing)疏字密,大小粗細相間,加(jia)上圈誤(wu)補遺(yi),多處修改,無有(you)任(ren)何安排(pai)之(zhi)意,顯得自然優雅,任(ren)意奔放。
北宋書(shu)(shu)法家蘇(su)軾《東坡題(ti)跋(ba)·題(ti)魯(lu)公書(shu)(shu)草》:“比公他書(shu)(shu)尤(you)為奇特(te),信(xin)乎自然,動有姿態(tai)。”
北宋(song)書法家米芾《寶(bao)章待(dai)訪錄》:“禿筆,字字意相連屬,飛動詭形異(yi)狀,得于意外(wai)也。世之顏(yan)行第(di)一書也。”
清代(dai)書法家王澍《虛舟題跋》:“三稿皆(jie)公奇(qi)絕之(zhi)(zhi)作,《祭(ji)侄》奇(qi)古蒙宕(dang),《告伯(bo)父》淵潤(run)從容(rong),至(zhi)《論座(zuo)》則兼有《祭(ji)侄》《告伯(bo)》兩稿之(zhi)(zhi)奇(qi),情結不同(tong),書隨之(zhi)(zhi)異,所以直入神品,足為(wei)《蘭亭》后(hou)勁也”。
清代學者阮元(yuan)《顏(yan)魯公爭座(zuo)位帖(tie)跋(ba)》:“《爭座(zuo)位帖(tie)》如熔(rong)金出冶,隨地(di)流走(zou),元(yuan)氣渾然,不復以姿媚為念(nian)。夫不復以姿媚為念(nian)者,其品乃高,所以此(ci)帖(tie)為行書之極致(zhi)。”
清代(dai)書(shu)法(fa)家何紹(shao)基:“此帖筆法(fa)之(zhi)佳,當在《蘭(lan)亭》之(zhi)上。”
清(qing)末民初(chu)學(xue)者(zhe)楊守敬《學(xue)書(shu)邇(er)言》:“行書(shu)自右軍后,以魯公(gong)此帖為創格,絕去(qu)姿媚,獨標古(gu)勁(jing)。”
《爭(zheng)座位帖》稿本(ben)(ben)墨跡北宋時藏于長(chang)安(an)(an)(an)安(an)(an)(an)師文處(chu),安(an)(an)(an)氏(shi)據以摹勒刻(ke)石,后安(an)(an)(an)家(jia)兄(xiong)弟分家(jia),將真(zhen)跡一(yi)剖為(wei)二(er),其(qi)后又(you)輾轉進入內(nei)府,自此再無下落(luo),不知所(suo)終。惟其(qi)刻(ke)石今尚存西(xi)安(an)(an)(an)碑(bei)林(lin),世稱(cheng)“關中本(ben)(ben)”、“陜刻(ke)本(ben)(ben)”。好事(shi)者(zhe)因(yin)以該(gai)本(ben)(ben)為(wei)底(di)本(ben)(ben)反復翻刻(ke),翻本(ben)(ben)眾多,良莠不齊,以宋拓(tuo)為(wei)最珍。
宋(song)(song)拓(tuo)(tuo)之中,據王壯弘《崇善(shan)(shan)樓(lou)(lou)筆記》載,以(yi)晚清四大藏(zang)(zang)(zang)書樓(lou)(lou)之鐵琴銅劍樓(lou)(lou)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)北(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)拓(tuo)(tuo)本(ben)為(wei)第一,惜今已不(bu)知尚(shang)存人間否。而存世之宋(song)(song)拓(tuo)(tuo),以(yi)吳榮光(guang)、潘(pan)仕成、梁啟超(chao)遞藏(zang)(zang)(zang)北(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)拓(tuo)(tuo)本(ben)為(wei)第一。翁(weng)方綱題(ti)跋定為(wei)北(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song),民(min)國七年(nian)有正書局亦作為(wei)北(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)拓(tuo)(tuo)本(ben)影印出版,鄭孝胥有跋,復為(wei)梁啟超(chao)重金購(gou)藏(zang)(zang)(zang),今入國家圖(tu)書館(guan)善(shan)(shan)本(ben)特藏(zang)(zang)(zang)部,為(wei)當今學術界公(gong)認之北(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)拓(tuo)(tuo)本(ben)。
此外,還有何(he)紹基(ji)題(ti)跋(ba)宋拓本,今在上海圖書館,為國家一級文物(wu)。其次,則有啟功題(ti)跋(ba)、妙鑒(jian)齋藏南宋拓本。