唐于(yu)志(zhi)寧(ning)撰文,唐歐(ou)陽(yang)詢書(shu)(shu)。此碑(bei)(bei)在陜西西安,無書(shu)(shu)寫(xie)年(nian)(nian)(nian)月(yue)。楷書(shu)(shu)28行(xing),行(xing)59字(zi)。碑(bei)(bei)額篆書(shu)(shu)“隋柱國弘義明公皇甫(fu)府(fu)君(jun)碑(bei)(bei)”十二字(zi)。《墨(mo)林快事》謂此碑(bei)(bei)立(li)(li)于(yu)隋朝,當為歐(ou)陽(yang)詢(557年(nian)(nian)(nian)~641年(nian)(nian)(nian))早年(nian)(nian)(nian)所(suo)書(shu)(shu),另有一說《皇甫(fu)誕(dan)碑(bei)(bei)》刻立(li)(li)于(yu)唐貞(zhen)觀年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(公元627年(nian)(nian)(nian)~650年(nian)(nian)(nian))。此碑(bei)(bei)在明代已(yi)斷為兩截。
隨柱國左光祿大夫弘義明(ming)公(gong)皇甫府君之(zhi)碑。
銀青光祿(lu)大夫行太子(zi)左(zuo)庶(shu)子(zi)上柱國黎陽縣開(kai)國公(gong)于志(zhi)寧制。
夫素秋肅煞,勁草(cao)標於(wu)疾風(feng);叔世艱虞,忠(zhong)臣彰於(wu)赴難。銜(xian)須授命,結纓殉國,英聲煥乎(hu)記牒,徽烈著於(wu)旂常,豈若釁起蕭墻,禍生(sheng)蕃翰(han),強逾七國,勢重三監,其有蹈水火而(er)不辭,臨鋒刃而(er)莫顧(gu),激清(qing)風(feng)於(wu)後(hou)葉,抗名節於(wu)當時者,見之弘(hong)義明公(gong)矣。
君諱(hui)誕,字玄憲,安(an)定朝那人也。昔立效長丘(qiu),樹績東(dong)郡,太(tai)尉(wei)裂壤於(wu)槐(huai)里(li),司徒胙土於(wu)耏(er)門(men),是以車服(fu)旌其(qi)器能(neng),茅社表其(qi)勛德(de),銘功衛鼎,騰(teng)美晉鍾,盛(sheng)族冠(guan)於(wu)國高(gao),華(hua)宗邁於(wu)欒卻,備在史牒,可略言(yan)焉。曾祖重華(hua),使持(chi)節、龍驤將(jiang)軍、梁州(zhou)剌史。潤木暉山,方重價於(wu)趙璧;媚川照闕(que),曜(yao)奇采於(wu)隨珠。祖和,雍(yong)州(zhou)贊治,贈使持(chi)節、散騎常侍、車騎大將(jiang)軍、儀同(tong)三司、膠、涇二州(zhou)刺(ci)史。高(gao)衢將(jiang)騁,遽(ju)夭追風之足;扶搖始摶,早墜(zhui)垂天之羽。父(fu)璠,使持(chi)節、驃騎大將(jiang)軍、開(kai)府儀同(tong)三司、隨州(zhou)刺(ci)史、長樂恭(gong)侯(hou)。橫劍(jian)梐枑(hu),威(wei)重冠(guan)軍;析瑞蕃條,聲高(gao)渤(bo)海。
公(gong)量包申(shen)伯,稟嵩山之秀氣;材兼蕭相(xiang),降昴緯之淑精(jing)(jing)。據德依仁,居貞體道。含章(zhang)表質(zhi),詎待變於(wu)(wu)(wu)朱藍;恭孝為基,寧取(qu)訓於(wu)(wu)(wu)橋梓。鋒剸犀象,百練挺於(wu)(wu)(wu)昆吾;翼(yi)掩鴛鴻,九(jiu)萬奮於(wu)(wu)(wu)溟海(hai)。博韜胥(xu)產,文瞻卿云(yun),孝窮溫凊之方(fang),忠盡(jin)匡救之道。同(tong)何充(chong)之器局,被(bei)重(zhong)晉(jin)君;類荀(xun)攸之宏(hong)圖(tu)(tu),見知魏主。斯(si)故包羅眾(zhong)藝,囊(nang)括群英者也。起(qi)家(jia)除(chu)周畢王府長(chang)史,策名蕃牧(mu),則位(wei)重(zhong)首寮;袨服(fu)(fu)睢陽,則譽(yu)光(guang)上客。既而蒼精(jing)(jing)委(wei)馭,炎(yan)運啟(qi)圖(tu)(tu),作(zuo)貳邊(bian)服(fu)(fu),實資令望,授(shou)廣州長(chang)史。悅近來(lai)遠,變輕訬於(wu)(wu)(wu)雕題;伐叛懷柔,漸淳化於(wu)(wu)(wu)緩耳(er)。蜀王地處維城,寄(ji)深磐(pan)石,建(jian)旟玉壘,作(zuo)鎮銅梁,妙擇(ze)奇才,以為僚佐,授(shou)公(gong)益州總管府司法(fa)。昔梁孝開國,首辟鄒陽,燕昭建(jian)邦,肇徵郭隗。故得馳令問於(wu)(wu)(wu)碣館,播芳猷於(wu)(wu)(wu)平(ping)臺,以古方(fang)今,彼此一也。尋除(chu)尚(shang)書比部侍(shi)郎,轉刑部侍(shi)郎。趍步紫庭,光(guang)映朝列;折旋丹(dan)地,譽(yu)重(zhong)周行。俄遷治書侍(shi)御史。彈(dan)違糾(jiu)慝(ni),時絕權豪;霜簡直繩(sheng),俗(su)寢(qin)貪競。
隨文帝(di)求衣待(dai)旦,志在恤刑,咒網(wang)泣辜(gu),情存緩獄。授(shou)大(da)理(li)少(shao)卿。公(gong)巨細必察,同張季之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聽理(li);寬猛相(xiang)濟,比于公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無冤。但(dan)禮闈務殷,樞轄寄重(zhong),允膺此職,實(shi)難(nan)其人。授(shou)尚書(shu)右丞(cheng),洞(dong)明政(zheng)術,深曉治方(fang),臧否自分,條目(mu)咸(xian)理(li)。丁母(mu)憂去職。哀慟(tong)里閭,鄰人為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罷社;悲感衢路,行客(ke)以之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輟(chuo)歌。孝(xiao)德則(ze)師范(fan)彝倫,精誠則(ze)貫徹幽(you)顯,雖(sui)高曾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至性(xing),何以加焉。尋詔(zhao)奪情,復其舊任(ren)。于時山東之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di),俗升(sheng)民澆,雖(sui)預編民,未行聲(sheng)教。詔(zhao)公(gong)持節(jie)為(wei)(wei)河(he)北(bei)河(he)南道安(an)撫大(da)使(shi),仍(reng)賜(si)米五百(bai)石、絹五百(bai)匹。公(gong)輶(you)軒布政(zheng),美冠(guan)皇(huang)華之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇;擁(yong)節(jie)觀風,榮甚繡衣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)。事(shi)訖(qi)反命,授(shou)尚書(shu)左(zuo)丞(cheng)。然并州地(di)處參墟,城臨(lin)晉水,作(zuo)固同於西(xi)蜀,設(she)險類(lei)於東秦(原文是“泰(tai)”,注1),實(shi)山河(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要沖,信蕃服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)襟帶。授(shou)公(gong)并州總管府司(si)馬(ma),加儀(yi)同三司(si)。公(gong)贊務大(da)邦,聲(sheng)名藉甚,精民感化(hua),黠吏畏威。
屬文帝劍璽空留(liu),鑾蹕莫反,楊諒率太原之甲,擁(yong)河朔(shuo)之兵。方叔段(duan)(duan)之作亂(luan)京城,同州吁之挻禍濮上,雖無當(dang)璧之地,乃懷奪宗之心。公(gong)(gong)備說安危,具陳逆順,翻納魏勃之策,反被(bei)王悍之災。仁壽四年九月,溘從運往,春(chun)秋五(wu)十有(you)一。萬機起殲良之嘆,百辟興(xing)喪予(yu)之悲(bei),切孔氏之山頹(tui),痛楊君之棟折。贈柱(zhu)國、左光(guang)祿大夫(fu),封(feng)弘(hong)義郡(jun)公(gong)(gong),食邑(yi)五(wu)千戶,謚曰明公(gong)(gong),禮也。喪事所須(xu),隨由(you)資給,賜帛五(wu)千段(duan)(duan),粟三千石。
惟公(gong)(gong)溫潤成性,夙表白虹(hong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)珍;黼黻為文,幼(you)挺雕龍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采。行(xing)已(yi)窮於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)六本,蘊德(de)包於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)四科,延閣曲臺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奇書(shu),鴻都石渠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秘(mi)說,莫(mo)不(bu)尋其枝葉,踐其隩(yu)隅。譬越箭達犀(xi),飾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)括羽;楚金(jin)(jin)切玉,加之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)磨礲(long)。救(jiu)乏同於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)指(zhi)囷,親識(shi)待其舉火,進賢方(fang)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)推轂,知已(yi)俟(si)以(yi)彈冠。存信舍(she)原,黃金(jin)(jin)賤於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)然諾;忘(wang)身殉難(nan),性命輕於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鴻毛(mao)。齊大小於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)沖襟,混寵辱於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)靈(ling)府,可謂楷模雅俗,冠冕時(shi)雄者也。方(fang)當亮采泰階,參綜機(ji)務,豈(qi)謂世(shi)(shi)逢多故(gu),運屬(shu)道消,未展經邦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謀,奄鍾非命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酷(ku)。世(shi)(shi)子民部尚書(shu)上柱國(guo)滑(hua)國(guo)公(gong)(gong)無逸以(yi)為,邢山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,莫(mo)識(shi)祭(ji)仲(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墳;平陵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東,誰知子孟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墓(mu)。乃雕戈勒石,騰(teng)實飛聲(sheng),樹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)康衢(qu),永表芳(fang)烈。庶(shu)葛亮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隴,鍾生禁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)樵蘇;賈(jia)逵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)碑,魏(wei)君嘆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)不(bu)朽。乃為銘曰:
殷后華宗(zong),名卿胄(zhou)系。人(ren)物(wu)代德,衣(yi)冠重世。逢時翼主(zhu),膺期佐帝(di)。運策經綸,執鈞(jun)匡濟。門(men)承積慶,世挺偉人(ren)。夜光(guang)愧寶(bao),朝采慚珍(zhen)。云中(zhong)(zhong)比陸(lu),日下方荀。抑揚元輔,參(can)贊(zan)機鈞(jun)。玉(yu)葉東封,貳圖北啟。伏奏(zou)青(qing)蒲,曳(ye)裾(ju)朱邸。名馳(chi)碣石,聲高建(jian)禮。珥筆憲臺(tai)(tai),握(wo)蘭文陛。分(fen)星裂士,建(jian)侯開國。輔藉正人(ren),相資懿德。中(zhong)(zhong)臺(tai)(tai)輟(chuo)務(wu),晉陽就職。望(wang)重府朝,譽聞宸極。亂(luan)階蔓(man)草,災生剪桐。成師構(gou)難(nan),太叔興戎(rong)。建(jian)德效(xiao)節,夷吾盡忠。命屯道著,身歿名隆。牛亭始卜(bu),馬(ma)獦(ge)初(chu)封。翠碑刻鳳,丹旆圖龍。煙橫古樹,云鎖喬(qiao)松(song)。敬銘盛(sheng)德,永播笙鏞(yong)。
歐(ou)(ou)陽詢(xun)(557一641年(nian)(nian)),唐(tang)(tang)代,漢族,潭州(zhou)(zhou)臨湘(xiang)(今長沙(sha))人,字信本,楷書(shu)(shu)(shu)四(si)大(da)家(歐(ou)(ou)陽詢(xun)、顏(yan)真卿、柳公權、趙(zhao)孟頫(fu))之(zhi)(zhi)一。公元(yuan)557年(nian)(nian)出生(sheng)于(yu)衡(heng)州(zhou)(zhou)(今衡(heng)陽),祖(zu)籍潭州(zhou)(zhou)臨湘(xiang)(今湖南長沙(sha)),歐(ou)(ou)陽詢(xun)祖(zu)父(fu)歐(ou)(ou)陽頒(498~563年(nian)(nian))曾為南梁直閣將軍,父(fu)歐(ou)(ou)陽紇曾任(ren)南陳廣州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)和左衛(wei)將軍等職。因舉(ju)兵反陳失敗被(bei)殺,并株連家族。歐(ou)(ou)陽詢(xun)因年(nian)(nian)幼幸免于(yu)難(nan),被(bei)父(fu)親好友收養(yang)。歐(ou)(ou)陽詢(xun)聰敏勤學,涉獵(lie)經史(shi),博聞強記。隋朝時(shi),歐(ou)(ou)陽詢(xun)曾官(guan)至太常博士。因與李淵交好,在(zai)大(da)唐(tang)(tang)盛(sheng)世累遷銀(yin)青(qing)光祿大(da)夫、給(gei)事(shi)中、太子率(lv)更令、弘文館(guan)學士,封渤海縣男,也稱(cheng)“歐(ou)(ou)陽率(lv)更”。與同(tong)代另三位(虞(yu)世南、褚(chu)遂(sui)良、薛稷),并稱(cheng)初唐(tang)(tang)四(si)大(da)家。因其(qi)(qi)(qi)子歐(ou)(ou)陽通亦通善(shan)書(shu)(shu)(shu)法,故其(qi)(qi)(qi)又稱(cheng)“大(da)歐(ou)(ou)”。歐(ou)(ou)陽詢(xun)楷書(shu)(shu)(shu)法度之(zhi)(zhi)嚴謹,筆力之(zhi)(zhi)險峻,世無(wu)所匹(pi),被(bei)稱(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)為唐(tang)(tang)人楷書(shu)(shu)(shu)第一。他與虞(yu)世南俱以書(shu)(shu)(shu)法馳名(ming)初唐(tang)(tang),并稱(cheng)“歐(ou)(ou)虞(yu)”,后(hou)人以其(qi)(qi)(qi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)于(yu)平正中見(jian)險絕,最(zui)便(bian)初學,號(hao)為“歐(ou)(ou)體”,他的字有多(duo)人評論。
注一:原碑文是“作固同於西蜀,設(she)險(xian)類於東(dong)泰(tai)”,啟功認為東(dong)泰(tai)的(de)說法不通,應為“東(dong)秦(qin)”,東(dong)秦(qin)指的(de)是齊國。這個問題尚需(xu)學術界(jie)進行最終確定。
歐陽(yang)詢—皇甫誕碑(bei)全稱(cheng)《隋柱國左光祿(lu)大夫弘義明(ming)公皇甫府(fu)君之碑(bei)》,亦稱(cheng)《皇甫君碑(bei)》。
《皇(huang)(huang)甫(fu)(fu)(fu)誕碑》用(yong)筆(bi)(bi)緊密內斂,剛勁不撓。點(dian)(dian)畫(hua)重在提筆(bi)(bi)刻(ke)入,此為(wei)唐(tang)初未脫魏(wei)碑及隋(sui)碑的瘦勁書(shu)風(feng)所(suo)特有(you)的筆(bi)(bi)法(fa)特點(dian)(dian)。楊士奇(qi)云(yun):“詢書(shu)骨氣勁峭(qiao),法(fa)度嚴(yan)整,論者謂虞(世(shi)南)得(de)晉之飄遺,歐(ou)(ou)(陽(yang)詢)得(de)晉之嚴(yan)整。觀《皇(huang)(huang)甫(fu)(fu)(fu)誕碑》其振發動蕩(dang),豈非(fei)逸哉?非(fei)所(suo)謂不逾矩(ju)者乎?”翁方綱說:“是碑由隸成楷,因險絕(jue)(jue)(jue)而恰得(de)方正,乃率(lv)更行筆(bi)(bi)最見神采,未遽藏鋒,是學唐(tang)楷第一必(bi)由之路也。”此碑用(yong)筆(bi)(bi)研潤,雖為(wei)歐(ou)(ou)陽(yang)詢早年作品,但已具備了“歐(ou)(ou)體”嚴(yan)整、險絕(jue)(jue)(jue)的基本特點(dian)(dian)。明王(wang)世(shi)貞云(yun):“率(lv)更書(shu)皇(huang)(huang)甫(fu)(fu)(fu)府君碑,比之諸貼(tie)尤(you)(you)為(wei)險勁。是伊家(jia)蘭臺(tai)(歐(ou)(ou)陽(yang)通(tong))發源。”楊賓(bin)在《大(da)瓢偶筆(bi)(bi)》中說:“信本碑版方嚴(yan)莫過于(yu)《邕禪師》,秀(xiu)勁莫過于(yu)《醴泉銘》,險峭(qiao)莫過于(yu)《皇(huang)(huang)甫(fu)(fu)(fu)誕碑》,而險絕(jue)(jue)(jue)尤(you)(you)為(wei)難,此《皇(huang)(huang)甫(fu)(fu)(fu)碑》所(suo)以貴也。”
《皇甫誕碑(bei)》,于志(zhi)寧制(zhi),歐陽詢書,唐(tang)刻(ke),宋拓,裝(zhuang)裱成冊,共32頁,每頁縱30.2cm,橫16.4cm。
有(you)張祖(zu)翼(yi)、朱翼(yi)盦等(deng)題簽,鈐(qian)有(you)“翼(yi)盦鑒(jian)之(zhi)”、“盧(lu)江劉健(jian)之(zhi)鑒(jian)藏石墨”等(deng)印4方。為“參綜機務(wu)”之(zhi)“務(wu)”字未損本。
此碑(bei)(bei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)28行,行59字。篆(zhuan)額陽(yang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)12字。碑(bei)(bei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)內無年(nian)(nian)月,據前人考之,為高祖武德(de)時立,又謂貞觀初立,宋(song)時尚在(zai)咸寧鳴犢鎮。碑(bei)(bei)陰有宋(song)皇祐(you)三年(nian)(nian)(1051年(nian)(nian))刻(ke)“復唯(wei)識廨院(yuan)記”。碑(bei)(bei)側原刻(ke)花紋(wen),宋(song)時右側已刻(ke)題名。以后移(yi)至西安府(fu)學文(wen)(wen)(wen)廟。明(ming)萬歷十六年(nian)(nian)(1588年(nian)(nian))余君房督學作亭覆之,至二(er)十四年(nian)(nian)亭圮,此碑(bei)(bei)中斷(duan),損(sun)數十字。現藏西安碑(bei)(bei)林博物館(guan)。
此碑(bei)書法(fa)(fa)用筆(bi)、結體及(ji)字形具(ju)有北齊(qi)風格,骨氣勁(jing)峭(qiao),法(fa)(fa)度(du)嚴整。明王世貞說(shuo):“率更(geng)書《皇甫君(jun)碑(bei)》,比之諸碑(bei)尤為險勁(jing)。是伊家蘭臺發源,然(ran)蘭臺《道因(yin)碑(bei)》,筆(bi)筆(bi)帶批(隸(li)法(fa)(fa)),得之家學(xue)也。”
宋(song)趙明(ming)誠《金石(shi)錄》,清(qing)孫承澤《庚子銷(xiao)夏記(ji)》、朱楓《雍州金石(shi)記(ji)》等書著(zhu)錄。