《鄭(zheng)文公(gong)(gong)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》,又(you)(you)稱(cheng)《鄭(zheng)羲碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》,分(fen)為上、下兩(liang)碑(bei)(bei)(bei),故(gu)又(you)(you)稱(cheng)《鄭(zheng)羲上下碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》,上碑(bei)(bei)(bei)全稱(cheng)《魏故(gu)中(zhong)書(shu)(shu)令秘(mi)書(shu)(shu)監鄭(zheng)文公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》,下碑(bei)(bei)(bei)全稱(cheng)《魏故(gu)中(zhong)書(shu)(shu)令秘(mi)書(shu)(shu)監使持(chi)督兗州諸軍事安東將(jiang)軍兗州刺史(shi)南陽文公(gong)(gong)鄭(zheng)君之(zhi)(zhi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》,傳為北魏書(shu)(shu)法(fa)家鄭(zheng)道昭于永(yong)平四年(nian)(511年(nian))撰刻的(de)摩(mo)崖刻石、楷書(shu)(shu)書(shu)(shu)法(fa)作品(pin)。現上碑(bei)(bei)(bei)在山(shan)東省平度(du)縣天柱山(shan),下碑(bei)(bei)(bei)在山(shan)東省掖(ye)縣云峰山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)東寒洞山(shan)。
《鄭文(wen)(wen)公(gong)碑(bei)(bei)》上碑(bei)(bei)二(er)十(shi)行(xing),行(xing)五十(shi)字,下(xia)(xia)碑(bei)(bei)五十(shi)一行(xing),行(xing)二(er)十(shi)九字。兩(liang)碑(bei)(bei)文(wen)(wen)同,只(zhi)數處字句稍異。下(xia)(xia)碑(bei)(bei)有碑(bei)(bei)額,正書“滎陽鄭文(wen)(wen)公(gong)之碑(bei)(bei)”,二(er)行(xing)七(qi)字。兩(liang)碑(bei)(bei)文(wen)(wen)皆是記述鄭道昭父親(qin)鄭羲的(de)生平事(shi)跡(ji),文(wen)(wen)多諛(yu)詞且(qie)有失實。
《鄭文公碑》書(shu)法飄(piao)逸,字態蘊藉風雅(ya),結體寬(kuan)博宕逸,氣勢(shi)(shi)雄(xiong)渾開張,其(qi)筆(bi)力矯健,結構新(xin)奇,氣勢(shi)(shi)磅礴,雄(xiong)偉多姿。它既(ji)有篆隸之(zhi)勢(shi)(shi),復具分隸之(zhi)雅(ya),更饒草書(shu)之(zhi)情理,萃眾長于一碑,堪稱佳構。
釋文:
魏故中書令秘書監(jian)鄭文公之碑。
公諱羲,字幼(you)麐,司州滎陽開封人也。肇洪源于(yu)(yu)有周,胙母(mu)弟(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)命氏(shi)。桓(huan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)親(qin)賢司徒(tu),武(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)善(shan)職并歌。《緇衣》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo),誦(song)乎奕(yi)世(shi)(shi)。逮鄭(zheng)君當時,播節讓以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)振高風;大(da)夫(fu)司農,創解(jie)詁以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)開經義(yi)。揚州淵(yuan)謀,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“十(shi)策”匡時;豫(yu)州司空(kong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)勛德(de)著(zhu)稱。高祖略,恢亮(liang)儒素,味道居真。趙石之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)興,徵給事(shi)黃門(men)侍(shi)(shi)郎,遷(qian)侍(shi)(shi)中(zhong)、尚書,贈揚州刺(ci)史(shi)。曾(ceng)祖豁,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明哲(zhe)佐世(shi)(shi),后(hou)燕中(zhong)山(shan)尹(yin)、太(tai)(tai)常(chang)(chang)卿(qing)(qing)、濟(ji)南(nan)(nan)貞公。祖溫,道協儲端,燕太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)瞻(zhan)事(shi)。父曄,仁結(jie)義(yi)徒(tu),績著(zhu)寧邊。拜建(jian)威將軍、汝陰(yin)太(tai)(tai)守,綿榮修(xiu)載,聯光千世(shi)(shi)。公稟三靈(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)純氣,應五百(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恒期(qi)。乘和(he)(he)載誕,文(wen)明冠世(shi)(shi)。篤信樂(le)道,據(ju)德(de)依仁。孝弟(di)端雅,寡(gua)言愍行(xing)。六(liu)(liu)籍孔(kong)(kong)精,百(bai)氏(shi)備(bei)究(jiu)。陰(yin)陽律歷,尤(you)所留心。常(chang)(chang)慕平(ping)仲、子(zi)(zi)產之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為人也,蘊斯文(wen)于(yu)(yu)衡(heng)泌,延(yan)德(de)聲(sheng)乎州閭。舉秀(xiu)才(cai),答(da)策高第,擢(zhuo)補中(zhong)書博士(shi)。任清務簡,遂乘閑述(shu)作(zuo)(zuo),注諸經論,撰《話林(lin)》及諸文(wen)賦詔策,辭清雅博。遷(qian)中(zhong)書侍(shi)(shi)郎,假員(yuan)外散騎常(chang)(chang)侍(shi)(shi),南(nan)(nan)使宋(song)國(guo)(guo),宋(song)主客郎孔(kong)(kong)道均(jun)就(jiu)邸設會,酒(jiu)行(xing)樂(le)作(zuo)(zuo),均(jun)謂公曰(yue):“樂(le)其(qi)(qi)(qi)何如?”公答(da)曰(yue):“哀楚有馀而(er)雅正不足,其(qi)(qi)(qi)細(xi)已甚,而(er)能(neng)久乎?”均(jun)嘿(hei)然而(er)罷(ba),移年而(er)蕭氏(shi)滅宋(song)。雖延(yan)陵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀昔詩(shi)(shi),鄭(zheng)公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聽(ting)宋(song)樂(le),其(qi)(qi)(qi)若(ruo)神明矣。朝廷以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)公使協皇華,原隰斯光,遷(qian)給事(shi)中(zhong)、中(zhong)書令。總(zong)司文(wen)史(shi),敷奏惟(wei)允,國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)律令,是所議定。公長子(zi)(zi)懿,邕(yong)容和(he)(he)令,器望兼資。早綜銓衡(heng),能(neng)聲(sheng)徽著(zhu)。敦詩(shi)(shi)悅禮(li),尤(you)精易理。季(ji)子(zi)(zi)道昭,博學經書,才(cai)冠秘(mi)穎(ying)。研注圖(tu)史(shi),文(wen)侍(shi)(shi)紫幄。每(mei)在朝堂(tang),公行(xing)于(yu)(yu)前,吏部(bu)、秘(mi)書隨(sui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou),凡(fan)厥庶寮,莫(mo)不欽其(qi)(qi)(qi)人也。于(yu)(yu)時有識,比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三陳。后(hou)年不盈紀,懿:給事(shi)黃門(men)侍(shi)(shi)郎、太(tai)(tai)常(chang)(chang)卿(qing)(qing)、使持節平(ping)東將軍、齊州刺(ci)史(shi);道昭:中(zhong)書侍(shi)(shi)郎、國(guo)(guo)子(zi)(zi)祭酒(jiu)、通直散騎常(chang)(chang)侍(shi)(shi)、秘(mi)書監、司州大(da)中(zhong)正、使持節平(ping)東將軍、光州刺(ci)史(shi)。父官子(zi)(zi)寵(chong),才(cai)德(de)相(xiang)承,海(hai)內敬(jing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)榮也。太(tai)(tai)和(he)(he)初,除公使持節安東將軍、兗州刺(ci)史(shi)、南(nan)(nan)陽公。德(de)政寬明,化先仁惠。不嚴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治,穆如清風。太(tai)(tai)和(he)(he)中(zhong),徵秘(mi)書監。春秋年六(liu)(liu)十(shi)有七,寢疾薨乎位。凡(fan)百(bai)君子(zi)(zi)莫(mo)不悲(bei)國(guo)(guo)秀(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)永沉,哀道宗(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長沒。皇上震悼(dao),痛(tong)百(bai)常(chang)(chang)往(wang)。遣使,策贈有加(jia),謚(shi)曰(yue)“文(wen)”,祭以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)牢。葬乎滎陽石門(men)東南(nan)(nan)十(shi)三里三皇山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陽。于(yu)(yu)是故吏主簿、東郡(jun)程天賜等六(liu)(liu)十(shi)人,仰道墳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)緬邈,悲(bei)鴻休(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未刊,乃相(xiang)與欽述(shu)景行(xing),銘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)玄(xuan)石,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)揚非世(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美,而(er)作(zuo)(zuo)頌(song)曰(yue):
爰(yuan)鑒(jian)往紀(ji),稽覽前(qian)徽,有(you)賢有(you)圣,靡弗應(ying)時。繇實契(qi)姒(si),旦(dan)亦協姬(ji),於穆鄭公(gong),誕應(ying)期。伊(yi)昔桓(huan)武,并美(mei)司徒;恭維我君(jun),世(shi)監(jian)秘書。三墳克闡(chan),五典(dian)允敷(fu),文為辭首,學實宗(zong)儒。德(de)秀時哲(zhe),望高世(shi)族(zu)。灼灼獨明,亭(ting)亭(ting)孤。式(shi)胄三雍,鄒風再燭。作(zuo)岳河(he)兗,澤移草(cao)木。慶(qing)靈長發,繼葉傳光。君(jun)既挺發,胤亦含章。文義(yi)襲軌,朱(zhu)紱相望。刊(kan)石(shi)銘德(de),與(yu)日(ri)永揚。
魏永(yong)平四年,歲在辛卯刊。
釋文:
魏(wei)故中書令(ling)秘書監使持節督兗(yan)(yan)州諸軍事(shi)安東(dong)將軍兗(yan)(yan)州刺史南陽文公鄭君之碑草。
公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)諱(hui)羲(xi),字幼麟(lin),司(si)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)熒(ying)陽(yang)(yang)開封人(ren)也。肇(zhao)洪源于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)周,胙(zuo)母(mu)弟以(yi)(yi)(yi)命氏。桓以(yi)(yi)(yi)親賢司(si)徒(tu),武以(yi)(yi)(yi)善職,并歌緇衣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo),誦乎奕世(shi),降逮(dai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)漢,鄭(zheng)君當時,播節(jie)(jie)讓以(yi)(yi)(yi)振(zhen)高(gao)(gao)風。大夫司(si)農,創解(jie)詁以(yi)(yi)(yi)開經(jing)義,跡刊圖史(shi)(shi)、美灼(zhuo)二書(shu)。德(de)音云翻(fan),碩響(xiang)長烈。揚州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)十策匡時,司(si)空豫(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)勛德(de)著(zhu)稱。高(gao)(gao)祖略,恢亮(liang)儒素,味道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)居(ju)真,州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)府招辟莫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)致(zhi)。值有(you)(you)晉(jin)弗竟,君道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)陵夷,聰曜虔(qian)劉,避地冀(ji)方(fang)。隱(yin)括求全,靜居(ju)自逸。屬石氏勃(bo)興,撥亂起正(zheng)(zheng)。徵給(gei)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),黃(huang)門(men)(men)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)郎,遷(qian)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)尚書(shu),贈(zeng)(zeng)揚州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)(shi)。曾祖豁,以(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)哲佐(zuo)世(shi)。后燕中(zhong)山尹,太(tai)(tai)常(chang)卿(qing)(qing),濟南(nan)貞公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。祖溫(wen),道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)協儲端(duan),燕太(tai)(tai)子(zi)瞻事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。父曄按魏(wei)書(shu)本傳當為(wei)(wei)煜,仁結(jie)義徒(tu),績著(zhu)寜邊,拜建威將(jiang)軍(jun),汝陰(yin)(yin)太(tai)(tai)守。綿(mian)榮千載(zai),聯光(guang)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)世(shi)。自非積(ji)德(de)累仁,慶屆無窮,其(qi)(qi)(qi)熟(shu)能(neng)傳輝踵美,致(zhi)如(ru)此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遠(yuan)哉?可謂身沒而(er)(er)(er)名(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)朽(xiu)者也。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)稟三(san)靈(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)淑氣,應五(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恒期,乘和載(zai)誕,文明(ming)(ming)冠(guan)世(shi)。篤信樂(le)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),據德(de)依仁。孝弟端(duan)雅(ya),慎言愍行(xing)。六(liu)(liu)籍(ji)孔(kong)精(jing),百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)氏備究(jiu)。八素索九丘,靡不(bu)(bu)(bu)昭達。至乎人(ren)倫禮(li)式,陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)律歷,尤所留心(xin)。然高(gao)(gao)直沉默,恥為(wei)(wei)傾側之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing);不(bu)(bu)(bu)與俗和,絕于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)趣向之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)。常(chang)慕晏平(ping)(ping)仲(zhong)、東(dong)(dong)里子(zi)產之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)人(ren),自以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)博物不(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)也。蘊斯文于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)衡泌(mi),延德(de)聲(sheng)乎州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)閭。和平(ping)(ping)中(zhong),舉秀(xiu)才(cai),答(da)策高(gao)(gao)弟,擢補中(zhong)書(shu)博士,彌以(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)正(zheng)(zheng)自居(ju),雖才(cai)望稱官,而(er)(er)(er)乃(nai)歷載(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)遷(qian),任清務簡,遂乘閑(xian)述作(zuo)(zuo),注(zhu)(zhu)諸經(jing)論。撰《話(hua)林》數(shu)卷碑文作(zuo)(zuo)古寫,莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)玄(xuan)(xuan)契圣理(li),超異恒懦。又(you)作(zuo)(zuo)《孔(kong)顏誄》、《靈(ling)巖頌(song)》及(ji)諸賦詠詔策,辭(ci)清雅(ya)博,皆行(xing)於世(shi)也。以(yi)(yi)(yi)才(cai)望見陟,遷(qian)中(zhong)書(shu)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)郎,又(you)假員外(wai)散(san)騎常(chang)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。陽(yang)(yang)武子(zi)南(nan)使宋(song)國,宋(song)主客(ke)郎孔(kong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)均就邸設(she)會,酒行(xing)樂(le)作(zuo)(zuo),均謂公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue):“樂(le)其(qi)(qi)(qi)何如(ru)?”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)答(da)曰(yue):“哀楚有(you)(you)馀(yu),而(er)(er)(er)雅(ya)正(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足,其(qi)(qi)(qi)細已甚矣(yi),而(er)(er)(er)能(neng)久于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)!”均嘿然而(er)(er)(er)罷。移年而(er)(er)(er)蕭(xiao)氏滅宋(song)。雖延陵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀昔詩(shi),鄭(zheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聽(ting)宋(song)樂(le),其(qi)(qi)(qi)若神明(ming)(ming)矣(yi)。朝廷以(yi)(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)使協皇華,原斯光(guang),遷(qian)給(gei)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong),中(zhong)書(shu)令,總司(si)文史(shi)(shi),敷(fu)奏惟允(yun),國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)律令,是所議(yi)定。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)長子(zi)懿(yi)、邕雍容和令,器(qi)望兼資。早綜銓衡,能(neng)聲(sheng)徽著(zhu)。敦詩(shi)悅(yue)禮(li),尤精(jing)易(yi)理(li)。季(ji)子(zi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)昭,博學明(ming)(ming),才(cai)冠(guan)秘(mi)穎。研圖注(zhu)(zhu)篆(zhuan),超侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)紫幄。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)行(xing)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)前,吏(li)部秘(mi)書(shu)隨其(qi)(qi)(qi)后,凡(fan)(fan)厥庶(shu)寮,莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)欽其(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)也。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)時有(you)(you)識(shi)比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)陳。后年不(bu)(bu)(bu)盈紀,懿(yi)給(gei)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)黃(huang)門(men)(men)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)郎,太(tai)(tai)常(chang)卿(qing)(qing),使持節(jie)(jie)督(du)齊(qi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)諸軍(jun)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),平(ping)(ping)東(dong)(dong)將(jiang)軍(jun),齊(qi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)(shi)。道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)昭,秘(mi)書(shu)丞,中(zhong)書(shu)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)郎,司(si)徒(tu)諮議(yi)通直散(san)騎常(chang)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)國子(zi)祭酒,秘(mi)書(shu)監,司(si)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)大中(zhong)正(zheng)(zheng),使持節(jie)(jie)督(du)光(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)諸軍(jun)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)東(dong)(dong)將(jiang)軍(jun),光(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)(shi)。父官子(zi)寵,才(cai)德(de)相承,海(hai)內敬(jing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)榮也。先(xian)(xian)時假公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)太(tai)(tai)常(chang)卿(qing)(qing),熒(ying)陽(yang)(yang)侯,詣長安(an)拜燕宣王(wang)廟(miao)。還(huan),解(jie)太(tai)(tai)常(chang),其(qi)(qi)(qi)給(gei)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong),中(zhong)書(shu)令,侯如(ru)故。縱容鳳(feng)闈,動斯可則。冠(guan)婚喪祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禮(li),書(shu)疏(shu)報問之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)式之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制矣(yi),民行(xing)矣(yi),雖位(wei)未(wei)槐鼎而(er)(er)(er)仁重有(you)(you)馀(yu)太(tai)(tai)和初除使持節(jie)(jie)安(an)東(dong)(dong)將(jiang)軍(jun)督(du)兗(yan)(yan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)諸軍(jun)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兗(yan)(yan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)(shi)南(nan)陽(yang)(yang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)德(de)政(zheng)寬(kuan)明(ming)(ming)化先(xian)(xian)仁惠嚴(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治穆如(ru)清風桑有(you)(you)敬(jing)讓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)(gao)朝市無鞭戮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刑即道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美,不(bu)(bu)(bu)專於魯矣(yi)。太(tai)(tai)和中(zhong),徵秘(mi)書(shu)監。春秋六(liu)(liu)十有(you)(you)七,寢疾(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)位(wei)。凡(fan)(fan)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)君子(zi),莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)悲(bei)國秀(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)永沉,哀道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長沒。皇上振(zhen)悼,痛(tong)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)常(chang)往(wang),遣使,策贈(zeng)(zeng)有(you)(you)加,謚曰(yue)文,祭以(yi)(yi)(yi)太(tai)(tai)牢,以(yi)(yi)(yi)太(tai)(tai)和十七年四月廿四日,歸(gui)葬乎熒(ying)陽(yang)(yang)石門(men)(men)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)十三(san)里三(san)皇山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陽(yang)(yang)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是故吏(li)主簿(bu)東(dong)(dong)郡(jun)吏(li)程天賜等六(liu)(liu)十人(ren),仰(yang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)墳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)緬邈,悲(bei)鴻烋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未(wei)刊,乃(nai)相與欽述景行(xing),銘(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)玄(xuan)(xuan)石,以(yi)(yi)(yi)揚非世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美。而(er)(er)(er)作(zuo)(zuo)頌(song)曰(yue):
爰鑒往紀(ji),稽覽前徽。有賢有圣,靡(mi)弗應(ying)時。繇實(shi)契姒(si),旦亦協(xie)姬。于穆鄭公(gong),誕睿應(ying)期。伊昔桓武,并美司徒。恭惟我君,世(shi)(shi)監秘書。三墳剋闡,五典(dian)允敷。文(wen)為辭首,學實(shi)宗(zong)儒。德(de)(de)秀時哲(zhe),望高世(shi)(shi)族。灼灼獨明(ming),亭(ting)亭(ting)孤邈。式胄三雍,鄒(zou)風再燭。作岳河兗,澤移草(cao)木(mu)慶靈(ling)長發(fa),繼葉(xie)傳光。君既挺發(fa),胤亦含章。文(wen)義襲(xi)軌,朱(zhu)紱相望刊石(shi)銘德(de)(de),與日永揚。
永平四年,歲在(zai)辛(xin)卯刊,上碑在(zai)直南卌里天(tian)柱(zhu)山之陽,此(ci)下碑也,以石好故于此(ci)刊之。
《鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文公碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》上、下兩碑(bei)(bei)(bei)均刻于北魏宣(xuan)武帝永平(ping)四年(511年)。此(ci)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)文上并無書寫(xie)者(zhe)姓(xing)名,清代(dai)學者(zhe)包世(shi)臣根據(ju)云峰(feng)山其他鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)昭所書的(de)刻石字跡,如(ru)《論(lun)經(jing)詩書》署名“司州滎陽鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)昭作(zuo)”,藝術(shu)特征與(yu)《鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文公碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》極為相似,故判(pan)斷此(ci)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)為鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)昭所書。后世(shi)研究(jiu)者(zhe)基(ji)本認同此(ci)論(lun),但也有人認為此(ci)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)文是鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)昭所作(zuo),而書跡則不(bu)能肯定。
鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道昭曾上(shang)表孝(xiao)文帝,求仿(fang)漢魏二石經之(zhi)例(li)、刻經立(li)石于太學以正風(feng)氣,又兩(liang)番上(shang)言崇儒(ru)敦(dun)學。《鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文公碑》當為(wei)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道昭記錄歌頌其先考(kao)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)羲(xi)之(zhi)功(gong)德之(zhi)作(zuo),是他(ta)外放為(wei)官時所作(zuo)。
鄭道(dao)昭(zhao)(?—516年),字僖伯,河南滎陽(yang)(今鄭州滎陽(yang))人(ren),北朝(chao)魏詩(shi)人(ren)、書法(fa)家,魏碑(bei)體的鼻祖,被譽為“北方書圣(sheng)”,在(zai)當時與王羲之齊(qi)名,有“北鄭南王”之稱。作(zuo)品有《鄭文公碑(bei)》《論(lun)經(jing)書詩(shi)》《觀海童(tong)詩(shi)》等。
《鄭(zheng)文公碑》即是以篆(zhuan)隸筆法寫(xie)楷書(shu),而(er)多(duo)取于篆(zhuan),具(ju)體到(dao)筆法,其有以下幾個明顯特(te)點:
筆勢外(wai)化的(de)“圓形”特征
筆(bi)勢(shi)的“圓(yuan)”反(fan)映到具(ju)體(ti)的點(dian)(dian)畫(hua)(hua)上(shang),就是點(dian)(dian)畫(hua)(hua)所蘊含的曲(qu)勢(shi),古人謂之(zhi)為“向、背”,在《鄭文(wen)公下碑(bei)》中,這種向背的曲(qu)勢(shi)明(ming)顯多于其(qi)他諸(zhu)如《龍(long)門》等方(fang)直(zhi)的刻石。用筆(bi)的曲(qu)勢(shi)使點(dian)(dian)畫(hua)(hua)有外撐(cheng)的張力(li)感(gan)(gan),古人則常用“屈鐵”來比喻這一感(gan)(gan)受,借(jie)此比較容易感(gan)(gan)受到《鄭文(wen)公碑(bei)》點(dian)(dian)畫(hua)(hua)中“筆(bi)力(li)”的存在。
筆斷意連的(de)虛實(shi)變化
《鄭文(wen)公碑》的點畫筆筆獨立,筆畫搭(da)接處多空斷(duan),但整宇卻筆勢舒緩,從容(rong)中見緊(jin)密,體現出寬博(bo)方正而又疏宕蕭散(san)的高(gao)古氣度。實(shi)與鐘繇正書一脈相承。
用筆(bi)沉澀堅實(shi)的金石氣
清(qing)人(ren)書評(ping)始有“金石氣(qi)”之謂,其審美特征不外蒼(cang)(cang)茫、渾厚、拙(zhuo)樸幾個(ge)方面。這種(zhong)新(xin)感(gan)受(shou)是伴隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)“尊碑(bei)”以及工具材料的(de)新(xin)選擇而(er)形成的(de)。但(dan)拓片中(zhong)殘(can)破(po)、斑駁、蒼(cang)(cang)茫等(deng)直覺感(gan)受(shou)是最重(zhong)要的(de)啟(qi)發(fa)因(yin)素(su)。《鄭文(wen)公碑(bei)》體現了摩崖(ya)刻石恢弘、雄(xiong)強的(de)氣(qi)度,金石氣(qi)貫(guan)穿始終,用筆沉(chen)澀堅(jian)實是詮釋(shi)這一感(gan)受(shou)的(de)最根本手段(duan)。同時意味著(zhu)(zhu)摒棄輕巧、浮滑(hua)、甜熟、軟(ruan)塌等(deng)弊端。但(dan)沉(chen)澀堅(jian)實絕非死(si)板僵硬,一些習碑(bei)者屢遭詬(gou)病的(de)原因(yin)多半屬此。
《鄭文(wen)公(gong)碑(bei)》結體寬(kuan)博整飭,氣魄雄偉(wei),骨(gu)肉(rou)勻適(shi),通篇透露著“蕩蕩乎(hu)君子、穆(mu)穆(mu)乎(hu)仁人”的大儒風范。單字(zi)或以側得妍,或以正取勢,合(he)篆勢、分韻、草情于一體,集端(duan)穩、剛勁、姿媚于一身,于端(duan)莊(zhuang)雄強中復含秀麗疏朗,穩健渾(hun)(hun)厚中蘊蓄奇肆飛(fei)揚,渾(hun)(hun)渾(hun)(hun)千余言,筆筆舒(shu)暢,字(zi)字(zi)安適(shi),行(xing)行(xing)流動(dong)。筆畫的走向(xiang)在(zai)字(zi)體的形態轉側翻舞中輕柔(rou)舒(shu)展,姿態多變又順手拈來(lai),“若(ruo)星辰麗天,皆有奇致(zhi)”。
《鄭文(wen)公碑(bei)》有(you)隸勢(shi),雖方正寬博,但非一(yi)般意義(yi)上的(de)(de)橫(heng)平(ping)豎直,而是或(huo)(huo)俯、或(huo)(huo)仰、或(huo)(huo)欹(yi)、或(huo)(huo)正。變化無窮中,循著一(yi)定的(de)(de)法度,將每(mei)個字安排的(de)(de)穩健(jian)敦實。并(bing)力求在橫(heng)豎等主體筆畫的(de)(de)基礎上,通過斷筆、省減、提縱等技巧,于雄強、寬博、敦實中恰到好處地展露出字勢(shi)的(de)(de)飛動和(he)空間布白的(de)(de)疏密穿插(cha),體現出把握(wo)對立統一(yi)關系的(de)(de)高(gao)超能力,可謂結字方面(mian)平(ping)中寓奇的(de)(de)典范。
《鄭文公碑》雖然稱碑,其實是摩崖。山中巨石經過簡單的(de)(de)整理,便進(jin)行書(shu)寫和(he)刻(ke)制,無法(fa)(fa)像廟(miao)堂碑刻(ke)一樣容(rong)許作(zuo)者(zhe)精雕(diao)細琢而纖(xian)毫畢(bi)現。這就(jiu)從(cong)(cong)一定程度上解除了對書(shu)者(zhe)的(de)(de)束縛,進(jin)而促成(cheng)了書(shu)者(zhe)成(cheng)竹在胸,懸腕面(mian)壁如對幾案的(de)(de)創作(zuo)豪氣,最終全(quan)碑洋(yang)洋(yang)千余言,被作(zuo)者(zhe)隨大(da)小,長(chang)短(duan)、遠近信手(shou)掂出,字字見神采(cai),通篇平正中見奇崛(jue),從(cong)(cong)容(rong)中見跌宕(dang),神完而氣足。至(zhi)于(yu)布(bu)白千余字于(yu)摩崖之上,能隨石面(mian)形(xing)勢(shi)隨機應(ying)變,安排(pai)周詳妥(tuo)貼,與山林(lin)互為一體。此亦可大(da)有益(yi)于(yu)今(jin)人(ren)書(shu)法(fa)(fa)展覽形(xing)式之思考與探索。
《鄭文(wen)公碑(bei)》雍容古厚,博大逸宕(dang)。通篇章法(fa)氣象更具有(you)恢宏斑斕(lan)、蒼雄(xiong)古樸、圓融爛(lan)漫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)質,看似隨意(yi)刻寫平(ping)淡無奇(qi),但(dan)“不求異而(er)(er)人自(zi)不能同之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不求工而(er)(er)世自(zi)不能過之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,天(tian)趣自(zi)在,隨意(yi)生發,人力(li)、天(tian)工各臻(zhen)神妙。全碑(bei)的(de)(de)(de)行間字(zi)距基(ji)本均整而(er)(er)無一(yi)(yi)(yi)處呆板(ban),康有(you)為形容如(ru)依(yi)山(shan)而(er)(er)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)阿房宮,雖延(yan)綿數里,樓閣亭臺條(tiao)理(li)起(qi)伏(fu)而(er)(er)一(yi)(yi)(yi)絲(si)不亂。在全碑(bei)的(de)(de)(de)空白排置上,四周與碑(bei)緣保持了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)距離,形成一(yi)(yi)(yi)種自(zi)然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)內擫(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)感,與結(jie)字(zi)、筆法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)拓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勢相沖和(he),為整碑(bei)的(de)(de)(de)“質實厚重,宕(dang)逸神雋”奠定了(le)平(ping)穩的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)調。同時,章法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)恢宏、斑斕(lan)、蒼古同樣(yang)也離不開書刻時的(de)(de)(de)筆致(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功,鑿鐫造(zao)成字(zi)口的(de)(de)(de)破損(sun)或(huo)點畫的(de)(de)(de)毛糙、自(zi)然(ran)分化(hua)形成斑爛(lan)剝濁的(de)(de)(de)紋理(li),蘊(yun)雅勁美的(de)(de)(de)字(zi)形,寬博宕(dang)逸的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)體造(zao)就了(le)《鄭文(wen)公碑(bei)》雄(xiong)渾開張(zhang)、蒼茫(mang)凄迷的(de)(de)(de)章法(fa)氣勢。
清代學者包世臣:北魏書《經石(shi)峪(yu)》大字、《云峰山五言》《鄭(zheng)文公(gong)碑》《刁遵墓志(zhi)》為一種,皆出《乙瑛》,有云鶴(he)海鷗之態。
清代金石學家歐陽輔(fu):筆(bi)勢縱橫而無喬野(ye)獰惡之習,下碑尤瘦健絕倫。
清(qing)代金石學家葉(xie)昌熾:鄭道昭《云峰山上下碑》及《論經詩》諸(zhu)刻,上承(cheng)分篆,化北(bei)方之喬野,如蓽路(lu)藍縷進(jin)于文(wen)明。
清(qing)代詩人龔自(zi)珍:二王只合(he)為奴(nu)仆,何(he)況唐碑八百通?欲與此銘(《瘞(yi)鶴銘》)分(fen)浩逸,北朝(chao)差許(xu)鄭文公。
清代(dai)文學(xue)家康有為(wei):為(wei)魏(wei)碑圓筆(bi)之極軌。
清(qing)代(dai)金石文字學家楊守敬:云峰鄭道昭諸碑,遒勁奇佛(fo),與南朝(chao)《瘞(yi)鶴銘》異曲同工。
滄(cang)州師范學(xue)院美術系主任王玉池:從拓(tuo)本看,此(ci)碑用筆確很渾圓,但看原(yuan)石,實方筆居多(duo)。給人以圓筆感覺是因為它屬摩崖,石面不平,又字口多(duo)有蝕(shi)所致。
近代書法(fa)家(jia)沈尹默:通觀(guan)全碑,但覺氣象淵(yuan)穆雍容,骨(gu)勢(shi)開張洞達,若(ruo)逐字察之(zhi),則寬(kuan)和而(er)謹束,平實而(er)峻肆,樸茂而(er)疏(shu)宕,沉雄(xiong)而(er)清(qing)麗,極正書之(zhi)能事(shi)。
現代(dai)書法家鐘致帥:云峰魏(wei)碑,承(cheng)漢隸之余(yu)韻,啟(qi)唐楷(kai)之先(xian)聲。不(bu)失為一(yi)代(dai)名作,無愧于千古佳品(pin)。
《鄭(zheng)文(wen)公碑》最(zui)(zui)大的魅力在于集篆、隸、草之(zhi)長于一(yi)體,用筆多(duo)圓筆篆法,結體趨于橫扁,左(zuo)右(you)開(kai)張,筆畫(hua)則轉多(duo)折少,筆斷意連(lian),可謂(wei)“極正(zheng)書之(zhi)能事”,因而清(qing)代碑學興起(qi)后被推為(wei)魏碑之(zhi)冠冕。《鄭(zheng)文(wen)公碑》同《瘞(yi)鶴(he)銘》一(yi)起(qi)被作為(wei)北(bei)碑和南碑的代表,臨習(xi)之(zhi)人最(zui)(zui)多(duo),影響(xiang)也最(zui)(zui)大。
書(shu)(shu)(shu)法(fa)(fa)在(zai)由隸變楷(kai)過程中,鄭(zheng)道昭(zhao)堪稱(cheng)一方重鎮,被譽為(wei)為(wei)“北朝(chao)書(shu)(shu)(shu)圣(sheng)”。正像顏(yan)真卿(qing)、黃(huang)庭堅等人(ren)曾經受《瘞(yi)鶴銘》的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)一樣,《鄭(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)碑》也起了(le)同(tong)樣的(de)(de)(de)作用。清代葉昌熾(chi)《語石》云:“唐初(chu)歐虞褚薛諸家,皆在(zai)籠(long)罩(zhao)之(zhi)內。”《鄭(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)碑》對(dui)碑學理論的(de)(de)(de)豐(feng)富(fu)以(yi)及中國書(shu)(shu)(shu)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)審美產生了(le)較為(wei)重大影響(xiang)。尤其是(shi)康有為(wei)等崇碑的(de)(de)(de)書(shu)(shu)(shu)家,不但進行身(shen)體力行的(de)(de)(de)書(shu)(shu)(shu)寫實踐(jian),并且對(dui)《鄭(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)碑》的(de)(de)(de)風格特點、技法(fa)(fa)演變等方面(mian)進行了(le)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)總結,對(dui)后(hou)世影響(xiang)巨大。而且,《鄭(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)碑》作為(wei)北魏時期的(de)(de)(de)書(shu)(shu)(shu)法(fa)(fa)名(ming)篇,在(zai)風格特點、技法(fa)(fa)手段等方面(mian)都表(biao)現出了(le)很高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)水平(ping),以(yi)至(zhi)于日本人(ren)直指《鄭(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)碑》的(de)(de)(de)書(shu)(shu)(shu)者為(wei)北朝(chao)王羲之(zhi),康有為(wei)亦稱(cheng)此碑為(wei)“圓筆(bi)之(zhi)極(ji)軌(gui)”。同(tong)時從得益于此碑的(de)(de)(de)書(shu)(shu)(shu)家來看,該刻石營(ying)養豐(feng)富(fu),是(shi)探(tan)究(jiu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)寫規律的(de)(de)(de)重要參考(kao)。
《鄭(zheng)(zheng)文公碑(bei)》并無署名(ming),宋代(dai)趙明誠(cheng)《金石(shi)(shi)(shi)錄(lu)》曾予著(zhu)錄(lu),后久無人知。至清(qing)代(dai)中(zhong)期,在(zai)青州(zhou)境內先后發現鄭(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)昭題(ti)詩題(ti)名(ming)凡三十余種(zhong),結(jie)字(zi)大小不一,雄強茂(mao)密,包世臣(chen)《藝(yi)舟(zhou)雙楫》斷(duan)《鄭(zheng)(zheng)文公碑(bei)》為同出鄭(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)昭書,后才開始受到(dao)世人關(guan)注。《鄭(zheng)(zheng)文公碑(bei)》因是摩崖(ya)刻石(shi)(shi)(shi),椎拓(tuo)都很困(kun)難,尤其是上碑(bei)比較(jiao)而言,拓(tuo)摹下(xia)碑(bei)還(huan)要容易(yi)一些,所以在(zai)清(qing)乾隆時期,下(xia)碑(bei)就已(yi)經流傳很廣了(le)。現北京故宮博物院藏有(you)明拓(tuo)本(上、下(xia)碑(bei)合裝),北京圖書館藏有(you)清(qing)乾隆嘉(jia)靖間(jian)拓(tuo)本。清(qing)代(dai)《潛研堂金石(shi)(shi)(shi)文跋尾(wei)》《山左金石(shi)(shi)(shi)志》《平津館讀碑(bei)記》《八瓊室金石(shi)(shi)(shi)補正》等書中(zhong)均有(you)著(zhu)錄(lu)。