《張(zhang)遷碑(bei)》又名(ming)《張(zhang)遷表(biao)頌》,全稱《漢故谷城(cheng)長蕩陰令張(zhang)君(jun)表(biao)頌》,是東漢晚(wan)期(qi)佚名(ming)書法家書丹(dan),東漢碑(bei)刻(ke)家孫興刻(ke)石而成的一(yi)件隸書書法作(zuo)品。此碑(bei)于東漢中平三年(186年)刻(ke)立,明代初年出土,現收藏于山(shan)東泰山(shan)岱廟(miao)碑(bei)廊。
《張遷碑(bei)》篆(zhuan)額(e)題“漢(han)故(gu)轂城長(chang)蕩陰令張君表頌”12字,額(e)字獨呈(cheng)扁形(xing),書意在篆(zhuan)隸(li)之間(jian);碑(bei)陽正文15行(xing)(xing)(xing),行(xing)(xing)(xing)42字,共567字;碑(bei)陰3列(lie)(lie),上2列(lie)(lie)19行(xing)(xing)(xing),下列(lie)(lie)3行(xing)(xing)(xing)碑(bei)文。此碑(bei)是谷(gu)城故(gu)吏韋(wei)萌(meng)等為追念張遷之功(gong)德(de)而(er)立,銘文著(zhu)重宣(xuan)揚張遷及其(qi)祖先張仲、張良(liang)、張釋之和張騫的(de)(de)功(gong)績(ji),并涉及到黃巾(jin)起義軍的(de)(de)有(you)關情節,具有(you)很高的(de)(de)史(shi)料價(jia)值。
《張遷碑》是東(dong)漢(han)隸(li)書(shu)成熟(shu)時期(qi)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)品,書(shu)法造詣(yi)高。此碑自出(chu)土以來,為歷代(dai)金石(shi)、書(shu)法家(jia)所推(tui)崇。在眾多的(de)(de)漢(han)代(dai)碑刻中,此碑以古樸(pu)、厚重、典雅(ya)取勝,字里行(xing)間流(liu)露出(chu)率真之意(yi),具有民間樸(pu)質之風,格調峻(jun)實穩(wen)重,堪稱神品。它(ta)起筆(bi)方折寬厚,轉角方圓兼備,運筆(bi)遒勁而曲折有力,落筆(bi)穩(wen)健,可謂是漢(han)隸(li)方筆(bi)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)代(dai)表作(zuo)(zuo)。
漢故榖城長蕩陰令張君表頌(song)
君(jun)(jun)諱遷,字公方,陳留(liu)己(ji)吾(wu)人(ren)也。君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先出(chu)自有(you)周(zhou),周(zhou)宣(xuan)王中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)興(xing),有(you)張仲,以(yi)孝友為(wei)(wei)行(xing),披覽《詩·雅》,煥知其(qi)(qi)祖(zu)。高(gao)帝(di)龍興(xing),有(you)張良,善用籌策,在帷幕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內(nei),決勝負千里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,析珪(gui)于(yu)留(liu)。文景之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian),有(you)張釋(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),建忠弼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謨。帝(di)游上(shang)林(lin),問(wen)禽狩所有(you)。苑令不對,更問(wen)嗇夫(fu)(fu),嗇夫(fu)(fu)事對。于(yu)是(shi)(shi)進嗇夫(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)令,令退為(wei)(wei)嗇夫(fu)(fu)。釋(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)議為(wei)(wei)不可:苑令有(you)公卿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才,嗇夫(fu)(fu)喋喋小吏(li),非社稷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重。上(shang)從言。孝武時,有(you)張騫,廣通(tong)風俗,開定畿寓,南苞(bao)八(ba)蠻,西羈六戎(rong),北(bei)震五(wu)狄,東勤九夷。荒遠既殯,各貢所有(you)。張是(shi)(shi)輔漢,世載其(qi)(qi)德。爰既且于(yu)君(jun)(jun),蓋其(qi)(qi)繵(chan)縺。纘戎(rong)鴻(hong)緒,牧(mu)守(shou)相系,不殞(yun)高(gao)問(wen)。孝弟(di)于(yu)家(jia),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)謇(jian)于(yu)朝。治京氏易,聰麗權略,藝(yi)于(yu)從政。少為(wei)(wei)郡吏(li),隱練職位(wei),常在股(gu)肱。數為(wei)(wei)從事,聲無細(xi)聞。征拜郎(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),除谷城長。蠶月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務,不閉四門。臘正之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭,休囚歸賀。八(ba)月筭民(min),不煩于(yu)鄉。隨就虛落(luo),存(cun)恤高(gao)年。路無拾遺,犁種(zhong)宿野。黃(huang)巾初(chu)起(qi),燒平城市,斯(si)縣(xian)獨全(quan)。子(zi)賤孔(kong)蔑,其(qi)(qi)道區別。《尚書(shu)(shu)》五(wu)教,君(jun)(jun)崇其(qi)(qi)寬(kuan);詩云愷悌,君(jun)(jun)隆其(qi)(qi)恩;東里潤色,君(jun)(jun)垂其(qi)(qi)仁。邵伯分陜,君(jun)(jun)懿于(yu)棠。晉陽佩(pei)瑋,西門帶弦。君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體素,能雙其(qi)(qi)勛。流化八(ba)基,遷蕩陰令。吏(li)民(min)頡頏,隨送如云。周(zhou)公東征,西人(ren)怨思。奚斯(si)贊魯。考父頌殷。前喆遺芳,有(you)功不書(shu)(shu),后(hou)無述焉。于(yu)是(shi)(shi)刊(kan)石(shi)豎表,銘勒萬載。三代以(yi)來,雖遠猶(you)近(jin),《詩》云舊(jiu)國,其(qi)(qi)命惟新(xin)。
于穆我君,既敦既純。雪白之(zhi)性,孝(xiao)友之(zhi)仁。紀行(xing)來本(ben),蘭生(sheng)有芬,克岐有兆,綏御有勛。利器不(bu)覿(di),魚不(bu)出淵。國之(zhi)良干,垂愛在(zai)民。蔽(bi)沛(pei)棠樹,溫溫恭(gong)人(ren)。乾道不(bu)繆,唯淑是親。既多受(shou)祉,永享南山。干祿無疆(jiang),子子孫孫。
惟中(zhong)平三年,歲在攝提,二月(yue)震節,紀日上旬。陽氣厥析,感思舊君。故吏韋萌等(deng),僉然同聲,賃(lin)師孫興,刊石立表,以示(shi)后(hou)昆(kun)。共享天祚,億載萬年。
故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)安(an)國(guo)長韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)叔(shu)珍錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)從(cong)事(shi)(shi)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)少王(wang)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)從(cong)事(shi)(shi)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)(yuan)雅錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)從(cong)事(shi)(shi)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)(yuan)景錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)從(cong)事(shi)(shi)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)世節錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)守令韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)叔(shu)遠錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)守令范(fan)伯犀,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)金石(shi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)督(du)郵范(fan)齊(qi)公(gong)(gong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)范(fan)文宗(zong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)千。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)范(fan)世節錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)八百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)府卿(qing)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)七百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)范(fan)季考錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)七百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伯臺錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)八百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)范(fan)德寶錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)八百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)俊錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)泛定(ding)國(guo)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)七百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)閏德錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)孫升高錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)逴錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)七百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)排山錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)范(fan)巨(ju)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)義才錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輔(fu)節錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)(yuan)緒錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)客人錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)從(cong)事(shi)(shi)原宣德錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)明錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)范(fan)成錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輔(fu)世錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)范(fan)國(guo)方(fang)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伯善錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)泛奉祖錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)德榮,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)范(fan)利德錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)武章,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)騶叔(shu)義,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宣錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孟光錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吏(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孟平錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)守令韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)(yuan)考錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。
此碑(bei)石于(yu)東(dong)漢靈帝中平三年(nian)(186年(nian))立(li)碑(bei)于(yu)山(shan)東(dong)東(dong)平縣,是頌揚張遷(qian)執政(zheng)谷城(cheng)時多施惠政(zheng)的政(zheng)績;碑(bei)陰(yin)刻有(you)立(li)碑(bei)官吏(li)姓名及捐資錢數。
碑主張(zhang)遷,字公方(fang),陳留己吾(wu)(今(jin)河南(nan)寧陵境內(nei))人(ren)。曾任谷(gu)城(今(jin)河南(nan)洛陽(yang)市西北)長(chang),遷蕩(dang)陰(yin)(今(jin)河南(nan)湯陰(yin)縣(xian))令。碑文系故吏韋萌等為(wei)追念其(qi)功(gong)德而立。碑文書法多(duo)別體,未署書者姓名,刻石人(ren)為(wei)孫興。清(qing)初顧炎武《金石文字記》疑此(ci)碑為(wei)后人(ren)摹刻,但(dan)多(duo)數考古學(xue)家(jia)和金石學(xue)家(jia)則(ze)認為(wei),其(qi)書風通篇方(fang)筆(bi),古樸拙茂,非(fei)漢(han)代人(ren)不能為(wei)之,碑面剝落的痕跡(ji),也非(fei)人(ren)為(wei)所能做到,因(yin)此(ci),當是漢(han)代原(yuan)碑無疑。
《張遷碑》運(yun)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)以方(fang)(fang)(fang)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)為主,用(yong)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)逆鋒(feng)堅實,萬(wan)毫齊力,方(fang)(fang)(fang)圓兼備,沉著(zhu)飽滿。橫畫(hua)(hua)(hua)兩端都見方(fang)(fang)(fang),粗(cu)重(zhong)(zhong)渾厚,有萬(wan)鈞不屈之力,如(ru)“言”、“善”等字(zi)(zi)。書(shu)寫(xie)時萬(wan)毫齊力,行(xing)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)似有反力相阻,右端回(hui)鋒(feng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)提(ti)(ti)(ti)收(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi),欲左先右,無往不收(shou)。“蠶頭雁尾”的橫畫(hua)(hua)(hua)寫(xie)法(fa)也一樣,起(qi)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)處(chu)(chu)重(zhong)(zhong)頓后(hou)(hou),漸提(ti)(ti)(ti)行(xing)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi),正鋒(feng)而行(xing),筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)壯墨飽,收(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)時頓筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)后(hou)(hou)迅速上(shang)(shang)(shang)提(ti)(ti)(ti),挺(ting)直(zhi)凝重(zhong)(zhong)而有力。豎畫(hua)(hua)(hua)的用(yong)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)是落筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)逆鋒(feng)向上(shang)(shang)(shang),提(ti)(ti)(ti)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)調鋒(feng)起(qi)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)處(chu)(chu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)厚飽滿,再調筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)鋒(feng)向下(xia),豎鋒(feng)運(yun)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi),收(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)時或輕(qing)或重(zhong)(zhong)頓后(hou)(hou),提(ti)(ti)(ti)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)向上(shang)(shang)(shang)回(hui)收(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)鋒(feng),如(ru)“之”、“中”、“尚”等字(zi)(zi)。折(zhe)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)是在橫畫(hua)(hua)(hua)收(shou)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)處(chu)(chu)將筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)鋒(feng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)提(ti)(ti)(ti),換向后(hou)(hou)在原處(chu)(chu)入紙行(xing)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi),轉折(zhe)處(chu)(chu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)整斬截又自然(ran),略呈(cheng)外方(fang)(fang)(fang)內(nei)圓,或內(nei)外皆方(fang)(fang)(fang),如(ru)“月”、“巾”等字(zi)(zi)的折(zhe)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)。
特別是(shi)(shi)此碑的(de)撇畫(hua)(hua)(hua)比絕大(da)多數知名(ming)的(de)漢碑隸書都要(yao)豐富(fu)些,如(ru)“更”、“令(ling)”等字(zi),其寫(xie)法下筆(bi)(bi)(bi)如(ru)同豎畫(hua)(hua)(hua),藏鋒(feng)逆(ni)入,中鋒(feng)行筆(bi)(bi)(bi)順勢頓(dun)駐后(hou)(hou)逐漸上提后(hou)(hou)回收。撇畫(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)(shi)隸書中具(ju)有(you)特色(se)的(de)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)(hua),由于是(shi)(shi)向左方運筆(bi)(bi)(bi),行時阻力大(da),力量強(qiang)勁,圓(yuan)轉道健,筆(bi)(bi)(bi)力暢達,如(ru)“命”字(zi),部分(fen)字(zi)的(de)豎鉤(gou)也可看作撇畫(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)一種(zhong),如(ru)“孝”字(zi)。撇畫(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)妙處在(zai)于收筆(bi)(bi)(bi)的(de)變化,因輕重(zhong)、長短、斜(xie)度的(de)不同作相應處理,因此變化多姿。有(you)的(de)收筆(bi)(bi)(bi)回鋒(feng)圓(yuan)渾(hun),有(you)的(de)收筆(bi)(bi)(bi)方截(jie),每一撇畫(hua)(hua)(hua)皆根據字(zi)形(xing)差(cha)異處理得恰到好處。
捺(na)畫也是(shi)此碑極為突出(chu)(chu)的(de)筆畫,主要是(shi)平捺(na)和斜(xie)捺(na)。此碑捺(na)畫寫得厚重而(er)雄(xiong)健(jian),落筆取逆勢(shi),調鋒(feng)后提筆行(xing)筆,用力勻稱至(zhi)捺(na)腳(jiao)稍頓后提鋒(feng),然(ran)后順勢(shi)宛(wan)轉而(er)出(chu)(chu),筆鋒(feng)在空中(zhong)作(zuo)收(shou)勢(shi),給人(ren)一種樸拙但(dan)不刻板的(de)感覺。如“吏”字的(de)捺(na)逆鋒(feng)起筆,在行(xing)筆過程(cheng)中(zhong),逐漸(jian)用力漸(jian)行(xing)漸(jian)按(an),鋪(pu)毫向(xiang)右下行(xing)筆,行(xing)至(zhi)捺(na)端,提筆右上(shang)輕出(chu)(chu),捺(na)腳(jiao)似方似圓,力含(han)其中(zhong)“敦”字之捺(na)雖不粗壯,但(dan)筆畫含(han)力在內,雄(xiong)強剛勁,深沉有(you)力。捺(na)畫落筆常作(zuo)蠶(can)頭狀(zhuang),捺(na)腳(jiao)作(zuo)雁(yan)尾(wei)狀(zhuang),與他碑橫(heng)畫“蠶(can)頭雁(yan)尾(wei)”之狀(zhuang)相合。
《張(zhang)遷碑》結字巧中(zhong)(zhong)有拙(zhuo),拙(zhuo)中(zhong)(zhong)寓巧,大(da)巧若拙(zhuo)。它完全(quan)去掉了(le)雕飾的成分,一任天然(ran)(ran),真可(ke)謂道(dao)法(fa)自然(ran)(ran),渾然(ran)(ran)天成。字的各部分關系(xi)處理(li)得非常生動,挪讓(rang)呼應,顧盼有情,憨(han)態可(ke)掬。
在(zai)整(zheng)體(ti)上雖扁(bian)方,整(zheng)飭劃一,又因字(zi)立形(xing),順其(qi)自然(ran),險(xian)中(zhong)求(qiu)正(zheng),字(zi)體(ti)端莊樸茂,筆(bi)短意長,有些(xie)字(zi)突出主筆(bi)橫畫和(he)捺(na)畫,以(yi)盡(jin)其(qi)勢。全碑各(ge)字(zi)穩(wen)而不呆,動感(gan)強烈,動中(zhong)求(qiu)穩(wen),穩(wen)中(zhong)求(qiu)變。神采奕(yi)然(ran)的(de)體(ti)態特征在(zai)形(xing)體(ti)、筆(bi)畫的(de)避讓、空間布(bu)白的(de)處理、平正(zheng)與險(xian)絕(jue)的(de)錯落中(zhong)表(biao)現得(de)淋漓(li)盡(jin)致,看似簡(jian)單,實則妙趣橫生(sheng),有“險(xian)絕(jue)”后“復(fu)歸平正(zheng)”之感(gan)。
《張遷碑》章法不(bu)拘一(yi)格(ge)(ge),生動(dong)活潑。漢(han)代碑刻多有邊(bian)框方(fang)格(ge)(ge),排(pai)列整(zheng)(zheng)齊(qi),所以(yi)大(da)部分漢(han)碑字(zi)形大(da)小一(yi)致,平均擺(bai)放,給人(ren)中規中矩的(de)感覺(jue)。而(er)(er)《張遷碑》卻獨(du)樹一(yi)幟,通篇取茂(mao)密(mi)之勢,但字(zi)間和(he)行間都無(wu)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)的(de)固定距(ju)離,疏與(yu)密(mi)適當,“疏處(chu)可以(yi)走馬,密(mi)處(chu)不(bu)使透風”。既嚴(yan)謹又(you)空(kong)靈,疏處(chu)闊綽而(er)(er)不(bu)散漫,達到(dao)了疏與(yu)密(mi)的(de)對立(li)統一(yi)。同時,字(zi)形大(da)小參(can)差,正斜互(hu)用,疏密(mi)隨意(yi),但整(zheng)(zheng)體上又(you)相互(hu)呼(hu)應,左右顧盼,一(yi)派(pai)天真爛漫的(de)景(jing)象。
明·王(wang)世貞《州山人題跋》:“其(qi)書不能工(gong),而典雅饒古意,終非(fei)永(yong)嘉以后所可及也(ye)。”
清·孫承(cheng)澤《庚子消(xiao)夏記》:“書法方整(zheng)爾(er)雅,漢(han)石中(zhong)不多見者。”
清·郭尚先《芳堅館題(ti)跋》:“漢碑(bei)嚴重平(ping)硬,是碑(bei)為冠。”
清(qing)·楊守敬《平碑(bei)(bei)記(ji)》:“(此碑(bei)(bei))用筆已開魏晉風(feng)氣,此源始于《西狹頌》,流為黃初三碑(bei)(bei)《上尊(zun)號奏》《受禪表》《孔羨碑(bei)(bei)》之折刀頭,再變為北魏真書《始平公》等碑(bei)(bei)。”
現代碑帖鑒定家(jia)蔣文光:“《張遷碑》是(shi)漢碑中(zhong)藝(yi)術(shu)水平很高(gao)的(de)(de)一(yi)件(jian)作品。書法(fa)渾(hun)厚(hou)方(fang)折(zhe),樸(pu)茂(mao)端嚴(yan)為(wei)漢碑中(zhong)方(fang)整類的(de)(de)主要(yao)代表(biao)。書法(fa)用(yong)筆以(yi)方(fang)為(wei)主,兼用(yong)圓(yuan)筆。筆畫端正,結體(ti)取勢平直,飽(bao)滿嚴(yan)密,筆致樸(pu)質(zhi)古拙遒勁(jing)(jing)靈動(dong),多有變化。同(tong)時,用(yong)筆與結體(ti)是(shi)相(xiang)互(hu)為(wei)用(yong)的(de)(de),不同(tong)書體(ti),其用(yong)筆亦有所側重(zhong)。筆致變化多端,往(wang)往(wang)在均衡的(de)(de)橫直線(xian)條和(he)方(fang)折(zhe)之中(zhong)摻以(yi)一(yi)筆極其熟練而有力的(de)(de)弧線(xian)。看去既筆筆挺(ting)勁(jing)(jing),氣勢雄渾(hun),卻(que)又在拙樸(pu)中(zhong)見秀美,在端重(zhong)中(zhong)顯(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)。全(quan)碑字(zi)字(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong),變化生(sheng)(sheng)新,樸(pu)實自(zi)然,從而達到全(quan)局(ju)皆(jie)活(huo)的(de)(de)奇妙效果。”
《張(zhang)遷(qian)碑(bei)》對清(qing)代隸(li)書(shu)(shu)影響極(ji)大(da),直至近代仍有著(zhu)獨特的(de)地(di)位。與東漢(han)(han)時(shi)期其(qi)他(ta)名碑(bei)相(xiang)比(bi),它是對東漢(han)(han)桓靈時(shi)期講究規(gui)則(ze)整飭的(de)流行漢(han)(han)隸(li)的(de)一種創新,為(wei)漢(han)(han)碑(bei)帶來活潑的(de)意態(tai),注(zhu)入了新鮮的(de)血(xue)液。該碑(bei)不僅(jin)為(wei)漢(han)(han)人分書(shu)(shu)之代表,而且其(qi)用筆結體之奇(qi)肆跌宕已(yi)開魏(wei)晉風氣,對清(qing)代書(shu)(shu)法(fa)藝術的(de)發展起了承啟的(de)作(zuo)用。
《張遷碑(bei)(bei)》于(yu)(yu)(yu)漢靈帝中平三年(nian)(nian)(186年(nian)(nian))立(li)碑(bei)(bei)山東(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)平縣。明代初年(nian)(nian)被(bei)掘地發現,最早著錄(lu)見于(yu)(yu)(yu)明代都穆《金薤琳瑯》。明初出(chu)土時立(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)東(dong)(dong)平儒學明倫堂前,當時銘文(wen)尚完(wan)好可讀。至明正德年(nian)(nian)間(1506—1521年(nian)(nian)),“東(dong)(dong)里潤(run)色(se)(se)(se)”四字(zi)(zi)尚完(wan)好,僅殘缺五(wu)字(zi)(zi)。清乾隆間(1711—1799年(nian)(nian)),“東(dong)(dong)里潤(run)色(se)(se)(se)”的“東(dong)(dong)”字(zi)(zi)泐(le)半,“潤(run)”字(zi)(zi)的“水(shui)”旁(pang)僅存中點,“色(se)(se)(se)”字(zi)(zi)與下“君”字(zi)(zi)皆泐(le)大半。光緒十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(1892年(nian)(nian))碑(bei)(bei)毀(hui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)火(huo),常熟(shu)翁氏就原(yuan)碑(bei)(bei)重新剔刻,但神氣(qi)全非,幸碑(bei)(bei)陰文(wen)尚完(wan)好如舊。解(jie)放后(hou),在東(dong)(dong)平縣府(fu)院內(nei)建(jian)亭,將(jiang)碑(bei)(bei)置(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)亭內(nei)。1965年(nian)(nian)移岱廟炳靈門內(nei),外置(zhi)玻璃罩保護(hu)。1983年(nian)(nian)9月移于(yu)(yu)(yu)山東(dong)(dong)泰山岱廟碑(bei)(bei)廊,后(hou)一直陳列收(shou)藏于(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)。現殘泐(le)六十(shi)八(ba)字(zi)(zi),其中二十(shi)二字(zi)(zi)全泐(le)。