一(yi).自然生態環境和(he)人文歷史因素
(1)氣(qi)候(hou)情(qing)況 農墾九三管理局(ju)位于黑龍江省(sheng)的(de)西北(bei)部,屬寒溫(wen)(wen)帶濕潤季風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)區,年平均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)0.4°,日(ri)照時數為2500小(xiao)時左右(you),平均降水量為500毫(hao)米左右(you),無霜(shuang)期為118天左右(you)。在(zai)黑龍江省(sheng)處于第四、第五積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)帶,有效積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)在(zai)2200℃左右(you),屬于典型的(de)高緯度低熱量的(de)旱作農業區,光、熱、水同季,非常適宜(yi)大豆的(de)生長與(yu)發育。
(2)土壤條件(jian) 農墾(ken)九三管(guan)理局地處于(yu)(yu)“世界三大黑(hei)土”地帶之一,是典型的(de)黑(hei)鈣(gai)土,黑(hei)土層厚度在(zai)40-80cm之間,有機質含量5-7%,PH值6.0-6.5,土質疏松(song)肥(fei)(fei)沃,有利(li)于(yu)(yu)大豆蛋白質和(he)(he)脂(zhi)肪的(de)形(xing)成和(he)(he)積累(lei)。同時,由于(yu)(yu)土壤有機質豐富,化肥(fei)(fei)、農藥用量少大豆品質和(he)(he)口感極佳。
二.地域范圍
九三大豆農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品地理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)地域保(bao)護(hu)范圍包括黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)七星(xing)泡農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)尖(jian)山農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)紅五月(yue)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)榮(rong)軍農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)大西(xi)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)鶴山農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)嫩(nen)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)嫩(nen)北農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)山河農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)建邊農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)等10個農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。地理(li)坐標(biao)為東(dong)經(jing)124°25′至126°23′,北緯48°37′至50°04′。九三大豆保(bao)護(hu)面(mian)積268000公(gong)(gong)頃,其(qi)中大豆種植面(mian)積160000公(gong)(gong)頃,產(chan)量456000噸。
三.產品品質特性特征(zheng)
(1)外(wai)在感官特(te)征。 九三大(da)豆籽粒為圓形或橢(tuo)圓形,色(se)澤光滑、黃色(se),粒大(da)、粒圓,飽滿,皮薄,臍(qi)色(se)為淡黃白色(se),完整率(lv)達95%以上。
(2)內(nei)在品質(zhi)指(zhi)標(biao)。 九三大(da)豆品質(zhi)優越,豆類營養指(zhi)標(biao)參(can)數高。蛋白質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)40%以上,蛋白質(zhi)和脂肪總量(liang)大(da)于(yu)60%,鐵(tie)含(han)量(liang)大(da)于(yu)7mg/100g,鋅含(han)量(liang)大(da)于(yu)28mg/kg,維生素E含(han)量(liang)大(da)于(yu)2mg/100g。
(3)質量(liang)安(an)全(quan)。 九(jiu)三大豆組(zu)織化(hua)、機械化(hua)、集(ji)約(yue)化(hua)程度高,100%實(shi)現了專(zhuan)(zhuan)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)植、專(zhuan)(zhuan)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)收獲、專(zhuan)(zhuan)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)貯藏(zang)。產(chan)地(di)環(huan)境(jing)要求符合NY/T391《綠色食(shi)品(pin) 產(chan)地(di)環(huan)境(jing)技術條件(jian)》,貯藏(zang)和(he)運(yun)輸(shu)符合NY/T1056《綠色食(shi)品(pin) 貯藏(zang)運(yun)輸(shu)準則》中規定。產(chan)品(pin)符合《食(shi)品(pin)安(an)全(quan)國家標(biao)準 食(shi)品(pin)中農藥最(zui)大殘留限量(liang)》(GB2763-2014)和(he)《食(shi)品(pin)安(an)全(quan)國家標(biao)準 食(shi)品(pin)中污染物限量(liang)》(GB2762-2012)。
四(si).特定生產(chan)方(fang)式
(1)自(zi)然生(sheng)態環境。 氣(qi)候條件非常適合大豆(dou)生(sheng)長發(fa)育,全年(nian)無霜(shuang)期118天左右(you)(you),年(nian)降(jiang)雨量500毫(hao)米左右(you)(you),有(you)效積溫2200℃左右(you)(you)。土壤類型為黑(hei)鈣土,有(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量5-7%,PH值6.0-6.5,土質(zhi)(zhi)疏(shu)松肥沃,有(you)利于大豆(dou)蛋(dan)白質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)脂肪的形成(cheng)和(he)積累。
(2)品種(zhong)選擇。 農墾(ken)九(jiu)三管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju)是(shi)以旱(han)作農業生(sheng)產為主的(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju),大豆(dou)是(shi)農墾(ken)九(jiu)三管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju)主栽作物之一。墾(ken)鑒豆(dou)28號(hao)(hao)、墾(ken)鑒豆(dou)27號(hao)(hao)、黑河43號(hao)(hao)是(shi)當前的(de)大豆(dou)的(de)主栽品種(zhong)。
(3)生產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)管理。 包括農(nong)業投入品方(fang)面(mian)的使(shi)用(yong)規(gui)定:生產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)必須(xu)嚴格按照《綠(lv)色(se)(se)食品大(da)豆生產(chan)(chan)操(cao)作(zuo)規(gui)程(cheng)》操(cao)作(zuo)。生產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)中農(nong)藥(yao)和(he)化肥(fei)的使(shi)用(yong)必須(xu)符合(he)《綠(lv)色(se)(se)食品農(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)用(yong)準則》(NT/T393-2013)和(he)《綠(lv)色(se)(se)食品肥(fei)料(liao)使(shi)用(yong)準則》(NY/T394-2013)。
A 管理模(mo)式(shi)。實現兩個(ge)“六(liu)(liu)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)”(農(nong)藝“六(liu)(liu)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)”即(ji)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)輪(lun)作,統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)供(gong)種,統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)配方施肥,統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)植保措施,統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)技術標準(zhun)(zhun),統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)田(tian)間(jian)作業(ye)(ye);農(nong)機(ji)“六(liu)(liu)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)”即(ji)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)機(ji)具停(ting)放(fang)管理,統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)農(nong)機(ji)作業(ye)(ye)計劃,統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)組織機(ji)械調動(dong)聯合(he)作業(ye)(ye),統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)田(tian)間(jian)作業(ye)(ye)操作規程(cheng),統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)作業(ye)(ye)質量(liang)標準(zhun)(zhun),統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)農(nong)機(ji)作業(ye)(ye)收費標準(zhun)(zhun)),通過(guo)實行連片集中(zhong)作業(ye)(ye)的生(sheng)產(chan)方式(shi),加快九三(san)大豆(dou)生(sheng)產(chan)進度(du),提高作業(ye)(ye)質量(liang),促進九三(san)大豆(dou)生(sheng)產(chan)。
B 栽培方式(shi)(shi)。九三(san)大豆栽培模(mo)式(shi)(shi)——大壟高臺(tai)密(mi)植栽培技(ji)術(shu)(shu)。該技(ji)術(shu)(shu)采用(yong)主莖結夾品(pin)種,秋起大壟,寬臺(tai)密(mi)植,壟上四行(xing)、邊行(xing)行(xing)距(ju)12公分(fen)、中(zhong)間(jian)行(xing)距(ju)22-24公分(fen),壟底深松,壟體測土(tu)分(fen)層施肥(fei),壟上精量點(dian)播、化學除草、航化作(zuo)業、健身防病(bing)、機(ji)械收(shou)獲等綜合(he)配套技(ji)術(shu)(shu),此(ci)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)比常規措施增產(chan)10-15%左右。該模(mo)式(shi)(shi)抗旱能(neng)力較強,增產(chan)效果(guo)好,九三(san)大豆全面積應用(yong)此(ci)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)。同(tong)時推廣(guang)應用(yong)的保(bao)護性(xing)耕(geng)作(zuo)、生物技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、節水灌溉、測土(tu)配方施肥(fei)、病(bing)蟲草害綜合(he)防治、大豆根瘤菌(jun)等先進技(ji)術(shu)(shu)。
(4)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)記錄。 對九三大(da)豆生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)全過程(cheng),建立田間生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)技術檔(dang)案,做好(hao)化肥、農藥的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)記載(zai);專人(ren)保管化肥、農藥;禁止使(shi)用(yong)(yong)高毒、高殘(can)留(liu)農藥,定(ding)期進行(xing)農藥殘(can)留(liu)抽檢,做好(hao)整個(ge)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)的(de)全面記載(zai),并妥善保存,以備(bei)查閱(yue)。
五.包裝標識相(xiang)關規定
地(di)域(yu)范圍(wei)內的九(jiu)三大豆生產經(jing)營者,在(zai)產品或包裝(zhuang)上使用(yong)(yong)已獲(huo)登(deng)記保護的農產品地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志,須向登(deng)記證書(shu)持(chi)有人提(ti)出申請,并按(an)照相關(guan)要求規范生產和使用(yong)(yong)標(biao)(biao)志,統一采用(yong)(yong)“九(jiu)三大豆”名稱(cheng)和農產品地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志公(gong)共標(biao)(biao)識相結合(he)的標(biao)(biao)識標(biao)(biao)注方法。