一.產品介紹
在明代(dai)(dai),息烽西(xi)(xi)(xi)望山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是有名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)教圣地(di),有“南來(lai)佛(fo)(fo)教第(di)(di)一(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”之(zhi)美譽,環西(xi)(xi)(xi)望山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)田地(di)多(duo)為(wei)廟產,生(sheng)產的(de)(de)大(da)米(mi)(mi)為(wei)佛(fo)(fo)家(jia)(jia)用(yong)米(mi)(mi)。到清(qing)代(dai)(dai)喜慶(qing)年(nian)間,貴(gui)(gui)州巡撫在貴(gui)(gui)州多(duo)地(di)選(xuan)擇優質大(da)米(mi)(mi)進貢(gong)(gong)皇(huang)帝,其中就有息烽西(xi)(xi)(xi)望山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)瑙(nao)媧(wa)地(di)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)大(da)米(mi)(mi),后來(lai)在當地(di)的(de)(de)傳說(shuo)中長稱為(wei)“西(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)貢(gong)(gong)米(mi)(mi)”,傳承了(le)600余(yu)年(nian)的(de)(de)農耕文化(hua)。 息烽縣志(zhi)中有相關記載:縣內(nei)大(da)米(mi)(mi)一(yi)般每(mei)公斤含碳(tan)水(shui)化(hua)合(he)物760克,高于其他糧食(shi)作物,尤以(yi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)鄉小鹿窩(wo)(wo)產米(mi)(mi)最好(hao),含蛋(dan)白高達(da)13﹪,清(qing)代(dai)(dai)年(nian)間稱“貢(gong)(gong)米(mi)(mi)”。 息烽縣西(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)鄉鹿窩(wo)(wo)村(cun)村(cun)志(zhi)第(di)(di)七章第(di)(di)一(yi)節(jie):西(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)貢(gong)(gong)米(mi)(mi)產地(di)在息烽縣西(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)鎮(zhen)鹿窩(wo)(wo)村(cun),有數百(bai)年(nian)歷(li)史,據史書記載,明代(dai)(dai)萬歷(li)六年(nian)(公元1578年(nian))將(jiang)此(ci)地(di)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)大(da)米(mi)(mi)向皇(huang)家(jia)(jia)上(shang)貢(gong)(gong),得到皇(huang)上(shang)的(de)(de)認可,由此(ci)得名(ming)(ming)為(wei)“進貢(gong)(gong)米(mi)(mi)”流芳百(bai)年(nian),遠近馳名(ming)(ming)。
二.自(zi)然生態環境和人文歷史因素(su)
環西(xi)望山(shan)適應優(you)質水(shui)稻種植的(de)田塊以(yi)梯田為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,土壤類型主要為(wei)(wei)(wei)紫(zi)紅色油沙地(di),土層深厚(hou),疏松肥(fei)沃,保肥(fei)能力強(qiang)。士壤有機(ji)質、氮、鉀(jia)、硅含量比較豐(feng)富。海拔(ba)高度900—1000米(mi),光(guang)照充(chong)足,通風透氣(qi)好,年平均氣(qi)溫14.5℃,年降雨量1480毫米(mi),植被豐(feng)富,水(shui)源充(chong)沛,以(yi)天然山(shan)泉灌溉為(wei)(wei)(wei)主。 在(zai)明代,息烽西(xi)望山(shan)是有名的(de)佛教圣地(di),有“南來(lai)佛教第一山(shan)” 之美譽(yu),環西(xi)望山(shan)田地(di)多為(wei)(wei)(wei)廟產(chan)(chan),生產(chan)(chan)的(de)大(da)米(mi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)佛家用米(mi)。到(dao)清代嘉慶年間,貴(gui)(gui)州巡(xun)撫(fu)在(zai)貴(gui)(gui)州多地(di)選擇優(you)質大(da)米(mi)進貢(gong)皇帝,其(qi)中就有息烽西(xi)望山(shan)瑙媧地(di)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)大(da)米(mi),后來(lai)在(zai)當地(di)的(de)傳說中稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“西(xi)山(shan)貢(gong)米(mi)”,傳承了600余年的(de)農(nong)耕(geng)文(wen)化。
三.地域范圍
息烽(feng)西(xi)山(shan)貢米(mi)地域保(bao)護范圍為:環息烽(feng)西(xi)望山(shan)的西(xi)山(shan)鎮、小寨(zhai)(zhai)壩鎮、鹿窩鄉(xiang)(xiang)、九莊鎮四個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮的鹿窩、西(xi)山(shan)、新寨(zhai)(zhai)溝、聯合、紅(hong)巖(yan)、西(xi)安(an)、大石頭(tou)、馬屯、華(hua)溪(xi)、三(san)友(you)、胡廣、紙房(fang)、團(tuan)山(shan)共十三(san)個(ge)村。地理坐標為:東經106°34′7″—106°37′,北緯27°05′7″—27°1l′,北與遵義市相(xiang)(xiang)鄰(lin),西(xi)與金沙(sha)縣(xian)相(xiang)(xiang)鄰(lin),東與開(kai)陽縣(xian)相(xiang)(xiang)鄰(lin),南與貴陽市相(xiang)(xiang)鄰(lin)。適應水稻種(zhong)植而積19.4平(ping)方公(gong)里,大米(mi)產量可達1.1萬噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
外在(zai)感觀特征:米粒長粒光(guang)(guang)滑(hua),半透明且有(you)(you)光(guang)(guang)澤,有(you)(you)清香味,粒長7.6毫米左右,堊(e)白度低(di),堊(e)白米率極少,在(zai)0.4﹪左右。煮熟飯(fan)后,滑(hua)潤光(guang)(guang)亮(liang),清香四溢,口感好。 內在(zai)品質指標(biao):經多次產(chan)品品質檢測報告顯示(shi),息烽西山(shan)貢米富含(han)維他命B和一定數(shu)量(liang)(liang)的(de)微量(liang)(liang)元(yuan)素,營養豐富,對人體健康十分有(you)(you)益,蛋白質含(han)量(liang)(liang)不低(di)于0.8,并(bing)含(han)多種氨基(ji)酸。 生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程中,按照(zhao)無公害農產(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)操作(zuo)規(gui)程進行(xing)(xing)生(sheng)產(chan),并(bing)嚴格執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)國(guo)家質量(liang)(liang)安全規(gui)定: 空氣污染物執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)標(biao)準(zhun):GB3095-82標(biao)準(zhun)中的(de)二級標(biao)準(zhun) 基(ji)地稻(dao)田用(yong)水(shui)(shui)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)標(biao)準(zhun):GB5084-92 土壤(rang)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)標(biao)準(zhun):GB5618-1995標(biao)準(zhun)中的(de)二類二級指標(biao) 品種質量(liang)(liang)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)標(biao)準(zhun):GB4404-4409水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)二級良種標(biao)準(zhun) 農藥執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)標(biao)準(zhun):GB8321 衛(wei)生(sheng)標(biao)準(zhun)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)標(biao)準(zhun):GB2715-81。
五(wu).特定生產方式(shi)
西山貢(gong)米栽種(zhong)(zhong)區域通(tong)(tong)常選(xuan)擇海(hai)拔(ba)為(wei)(wei)(wei)900—1000米的區域內,水(shui)(shui)源充沛,排灌(guan)方便,土壤肥(fei)力較高,光照充足,通(tong)(tong)風透氣好(hao),梯田(tian)(tian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主鮑紫紅油砂質(zhi)(zhi)地(di)土壤為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,陽地(di)無污染(ran),歷年(nian)來病(bing)蟲害(hai)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)少,且相(xiang)對集中(zhong)連片,便于規(gui)模化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)管理的地(di)塊。 主栽品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)自己多(duo)年(nian)選(xuan)擇的抗性強的優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)香稻,屬于基地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),為(wei)(wei)(wei)了在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)不被(bei)污染(ran),西山貢(gong)米在(zai)(zai)整(zheng)個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過程中(zhong),嚴格按照無公害(hai)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)稻生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技術操作規(gui)程進行(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)傳統(tong)的牛犁田(tian)(tian)靶田(tian)(tian),人工插秧的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)方式,兩(liang)段育秧,畝施腐熟農家肥(fei)3000—4000kg左(zuo)右(you)(you),過磷(lin)酸(suan)鈣或鈣鎂磷(lin)肥(fei)30—50kg左(zuo)右(you)(you),鉀肥(fei)15kg。管理以基肥(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,追肥(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)輔,增施磷(lin)鉀肥(fei),安(an)裝殺蟲燈,運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)物(wu)理防(fang)治,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)治相(xiang)結合為(wei)(wei)(wei)主的綠色防(fang)控措施,減少病(bing)蟲害(hai)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),規(gui)范使用(yong)(yong)(yong)農藥,嚴格執行(xing)安(an)全(quan)間隔(ge)期規(gui)定進行(xing)收割,谷(gu)子(zi)收獲后進行(xing)統(tong)一(yi)加工和包裝。 在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過程中(zhong)嚴格執行(xing)國家標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun),空氣污染(ran)物(wu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)濃(nong)度限值GB3095—82標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)中(zhong)的二(er)級(ji)(ji)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)要求進行(xing)測(ce)(ce)定確(que)認,基地(di)稻田(tian)(tian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)經抽查監測(ce)(ce)符合農田(tian)(tian)灌(guan)溉水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)GB5084—92的標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun),土壤符合環境(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量GBl5618—1995標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)中(zhong)的二(er)類二(er)級(ji)(ji)指標(biao)(biao)(biao),品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)量按GB4404—4409水(shui)(shui)稻二(er)級(ji)(ji)良種(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)執行(xing),種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)實(shi)行(xing)精選(xuan)包衣。
1、空(kong)氣、水、土(tu)壤(rang)條(tiao)件
1.1保持生產(chan)(chan)基地(di)空氣清潔。生產(chan)(chan)基地(di)四周無(wu)工礦企(qi)業污(wu)染(ran)源(yuan),遠(yuan)離(li)醫院和(he)主要鐵路、公路干線等污(wu)染(ran)源(yuan),按空氣污(wu)染(ran)物標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)濃度(du)限值GB3095—82標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)中的二級(ji)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)要求進(jin)行(xing)測(ce)定確認(ren)。
1.2 保(bao)持(chi)生(sheng)產基(ji)(ji)地灌(guan)(guan)溉水(shui)清潔(jie)和排(pai)灌(guan)(guan)方便。基(ji)(ji)地稻田(tian)(tian)用水(shui)經抽查監(jian)測符合農田(tian)(tian)灌(guan)(guan)溉水(shui)質GB5084—92的標準。水(shui)源條件(jian)好(hao)、排(pai)灌(guan)(guan)方便、旱澇(lao)保(bao)收的稻田(tian)(tian)作為基(ji)(ji)地,對促進生(sheng)產和提高(gao)生(sheng)產水(shui)平,增加收益具有重要作用。
1.3 土壤(rang)要(yao)求及培肥(fei)地力。基地稻田要(yao)選擇(ze)土壤(rang)耕層深(shen)厚、肥(fei)沃,通透性(xing)能(neng)好(hao),pH值5.5-7,有機質(zhi)含量(liang)1.2-2%,具(ju)有較(jiao)好(hao)的(de)保(bao)水、保(bao)肥(fei)能(neng)力,土壤(rang)符合環境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)GBl5618—1995標準(zhun)中的(de)二(er)類二(er)級指標。此外(wai),為了(le)培肥(fei)地力,減少病蟲、雜草為害和蔓延(yan),還引導重視生產基地增(zeng)施有機肥(fei)的(de)習慣(guan)。同時要(yao)從(cong)耕作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)制度上創造條件,開(kai)展年(nian)度問(wen)、作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物間(jian)的(de)大輪作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)和季(ji)節性(xing)的(de)小輪作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),為無公害優質(zhi)水稻生產打下一個(ge)良好(hao)的(de)綜合基礎(chu)。
2、品(pin)種(zhong)選擇 根據水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)對生態環(huan)境的適應性及其生產地的光、溫、水(shui)(shui)和土壤(rang)條件,選擇抗(kang)逆性好,抗(kang)病(bing)蟲(chong)害能力強的部(bu)、省(sheng)評定的高產優質(zhi)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)品(pin)種(zhong)、組合。品(pin)種(zhong)質(zhi)量按(an)GB4404—4409水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)二級良種(zhong)標準執行,種(zhong)子(zi)要實(shi)行精(jing)選包衣。
3、標準化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)操作
3.1秧(yang)田:秧(yang)床處(chu)理(li) 3.1.1整地:提前犁耙,精細整地,打(da)碎土(tu)塊(kuai),按1.4m的(de)廂(xiang)面起(qi)畦。 3.1.2施肥(fei)(fei):每平方米施腐熟細廄肥(fei)(fei)10kg(禁用未發(fa)酵腐熟的(de)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei))均(jun)勻(yun)深翻入土(tu),土(tu)肥(fei)(fei)相隔(ge);播種前3-5天,用尿素40g、過鈣150g、硫酸鉀30g,一次性混施,要求均(jun)勻(yun)施入10-15cm土(tu)層,以免發(fa)生(sheng)肥(fei)(fei)害。
3.1.3土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)調(diao)酸消毒(du):采(cai)用旱育秧(yang)(yang)的(de)秧(yang)(yang)床要(yao)求(qiu)測試(shi)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)pH值,pH值大于6應(ying)調(diao)酸。播種(zhong)(zhong)前20-25天,可(ke)用硫磺粉(fen)勻施翻入土(tu)(tu)10cm,用量(liang)(liang)應(ying)根(gen)據pH值確定;土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)pH6.5-7,硫黃(huang)粉(fen)劑用量(liang)(liang)75g,pH7-7.5,用量(liang)(liang)100克(ke),pH7.5-8.3用量(liang)(liang)150g。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)消毒(du)方(fang)法是整平秧(yang)(yang)床土(tu)(tu)面,并(bing)澆透水(shui)(shui),于播種(zhong)(zhong)前用95%敵克(ke)松,每(mei)平方(fang)米2.5g兌水(shui)(shui)800-1000倍液(ye)噴灑,然后澆水(shui)(shui)至最(zui)大持水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)。
3.2播種及苗床管理
3.2.1播種期(qi):根(gen)據大田栽(zai)秧(yang)(yang)日期(qi)和(he)預定的秧(yang)(yang)齡而定,掌握移(yi)栽(zai)時秧(yang)(yang)齡為30-45天的小苗或(huo)中苗,盡量做(zuo)到不插老秧(yang)(yang)。
3.2.2種子處理:種子經包衣后,可不(bu)必(bi)進行催芽直(zhi)接播種。
3.2.3播種(zhong)(zhong)量(liang):種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)雜交稻,早季一般每(mei)畝(mu)需種(zhong)(zhong)1.5kg左右,晚(wan)季為(wei)1kg;如種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)常規稻,一般畝(mu)用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)早季為(wei)5-6kg,晚(wan)季為(wei)3-4kg。播種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi),要(yao)求將芽谷(gu)均勻(yun)撒在秧床土(tu)之上,用(yong)裹住(zhu)薄膜的木板輕(qing)壓種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi),使(shi)之三面(mian)入土(tu);然后(hou),用(yong)過篩的細床土(tu)均勻(yun)覆蓋種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi),使(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)不裸露為(wei)當。
3.2.4化學除草:旱育秧(yang)較(jiao)水秧(yang)田草害和地下害蟲嚴重,播種后出芽前,每畝苗床用50%丁草胺乳(ru)油100ml加(jia)水50kg用噴霧(wu)器(qi)均勻地輕噴于秧(yang)坂以防草害。
3.3本田
3.3.1整田(tian)施(shi)(shi)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei):整田(tian)應堅持三犁三耙,尤其(qi)是谷(gu)茬田(tian)要(yao)做到(dao)(dao)谷(gu)倒田(tian)翻身,稻桿(gan)還(huan)田(tian)。插秧時,整田(tian)要(yao)求做到(dao)(dao)田(tian)平泥化(hua)(hua)(hua),施(shi)(shi)足底肥(fei)(fei),以有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)為主(zhu),氮(dan)、磷、鉀化(hua)(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)配合(he),一般在(zai)每畝施(shi)(shi)腐(fu)熟農家有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)1000kg的基(ji)礎上(shang),增施(shi)(shi)碳(tan)銨(an)30-40kg,普(pu)鈣40-30kg,有(you)條件的加硫(liu)酸鉀15-20kg。施(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)時,提倡施(shi)(shi)中層肥(fei)(fei),讓化(hua)(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)與土壤團粒融合(he),減少流(liu)失,提高化(hua)(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)利(li)用率。
3.3.2淺(qian)插(cha)、稀(xi)植、適當稀(xi)植:堅持不(bu)栽深秧,力求淺(qian)插(cha),一(yi)般插(cha)入泥(ni)中2厘米。促(cu)進低(di)節位分蘗,以利早(zao)生快發(fa)。每(mei)畝插(cha)0.8-l萬(wan)叢(cong);泥(ni)砂土田(tian)(tian)、肥(fei)(fei)力中等田(tian)(tian),每(mei)畝插(cha)l-1.2萬(wan)叢(cong);易跑(pao)水(shui)跑(pao)肥(fei)(fei)田(tian)(tian),靠插(cha)不(bu)靠發(fa),每(mei)畝插(cha)1.2-1.5萬(wan)叢(cong)。一(yi)般要求畝最高莖蘗數為12-18萬(wan)苗,每(mei)畝有效(xiao)穗11-13萬(wan)穗,成穗率70-80%。
3.3.3科(ke)學(xue)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):做到“前期早(zao)追施,中穩不瘋(feng)長,后(hou)健不早(zao)衰”,穗肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)適當早(zao)施,一(yi)般不施粒肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。實行配方施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),氮(dan)磷鉀合理搭配,根據土(tu)壤肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)瘦,分(fen)蘗肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)般畝(mu)追施尿素8-10kg,加硫酸(suan)鉀5-6kg。禁止使用硝(xiao)態(tai)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(如硝(xiao)酸(suan)銨等)和以硝(xiao)態(tai)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)作基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)生(sheng)(sheng)產的復(混)合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)作追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。大力(li)推廣葉面噴施微肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、生(sheng)(sheng)物鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、有機液肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。
3.3.4合理灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)原則:淺水(shui)(shui)活苗,寸(cun)水(shui)(shui)活棵(ke),薄水(shui)(shui)分(fen)蘗(bo)(bo),蘗(bo)(bo)夠曬(shai)田(tian),深水(shui)(shui)孕穗,干(gan)濕壯籽(zi),達(da)到(dao)葉青(qing)腳秀,谷黃稈綠(lv),穗大粒多的(de)(de)高(gao)產長相(xiang)。插秧時,水(shui)(shui)不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)過深,防(fang)止漂秧。秧插完(wan)后(hou)適(shi)當(dang)將(jiang)水(shui)(shui)灌(guan)到(dao)5cm深。移(yi)栽(zai)后(hou)35-40天進入分(fen)蘗(bo)(bo)高(gao)峰期(qi),為了(le)控制無效分(fen)蘗(bo)(bo),減少(shao)養(yang)分(fen)消(xiao)耗,應撤(che)干(gan)田(tian)水(shui)(shui)曬(shai)田(tian),沙壤土土層薄,不(bu)(bu)可(ke)曬(shai)開裂(lie);耕層厚(hou)、土質肥沃田(tian)要重曬(shai),曬(shai)至(zhi)田(tian)泥開雞爪裂(lie)為宜(yi)。孕穗期(qi)是需水(shui)(shui)關鍵階段,灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)10cm,不(bu)(bu)可(ke)脫水(shui)(shui)。抽穗期(qi)至(zhi)成熟期(qi)采取干(gan)濕交替,濕潤灌(guan)溉(gai),有利灌(guan)漿(jiang)結(jie)實,籽(zi)粒飽滿。
3.4病蟲(chong)害綜合防(fang)治(zhi)
3.4.1主(zhu)要(yao)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai):水稻(dao)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)有稻(dao)瘟病(bing)、稻(dao)曲病(bing)、細(xi)菌性條(tiao)斑病(bing)、白葉枯病(bing)、紋枯病(bing)、螟蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、稻(dao)飛虱、粘(zhan)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、負泥(ni)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、稻(dao)癭蚊等。
3.4.2防治(zhi)原則及措(cuo)施:預防為主,綜合(he)防治(zhi)。堅持以(yi)選擇抗病(bing)(bing)良種(zhong)為中(zhong)心(xin),保健(jian)栽培為基礎,輔以(yi)藥(yao)劑早(zao)防,同時(shi)注意保護好天敵(di)的(de)原則,綜合(he)、全面(mian)地進(jin)行病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)防治(zhi)。防治(zhi)措(cuo)施:進(jin)行種(zhong)子處(chu)理選用包衣種(zhong)子,或用多菌靈、石(shi)灰水(shui)等浸種(zhong),殺(sha)滅附著在(zai)種(zhong)子上的(de)病(bing)(bing)菌;作好秧田(tian)(tian)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)防治(zhi)水(shui)稻(dao)秧田(tian)(tian)期移栽前,要(yao)噴灑一次農(nong)藥(yao),將主要(yao)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)集中(zhong)撲滅秧田(tian)(tian)里,嚴防帶入大(da)田(tian)(tian),擴(kuo)散危害(hai)(hai);及時(shi)檢(jian)查防治(zhi)在(zai)水(shui)稻(dao)分(fen)蘗盛期和破口期進(jin)行田(tian)(tian)間檢(jian)查,及時(shi)發現(xian)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)中(zhong)心(xin),并噴藥(yao)防治(zhi),可防止(zhi)危害(hai)(hai)蔓延,避(bi)免(mian)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)危害(hai)(hai)的(de)大(da)發生。對穗(sui)頸(jing)瘟、稻(dao)曲病(bing)(bing)、稻(dao)飛虱、螟(ming)蟲(chong)必須在(zai)破口期重點(dian)防治(zhi),防止(zhi)造成危害(hai)(hai)。
3.4.3農(nong)藥(yao)選(xuan)擇:在藥(yao)劑防(fang)治(zhi)時(shi),嚴格執行GB8321《農(nong)藥(yao)合理使用(yong)(yong)準則》,選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)高(gao)效、低(di)毒(du)、低(di)殘留農(nong)藥(yao),嚴禁使用(yong)(yong)劇毒(du)、高(gao)毒(du)、高(gao)殘留及具有三(san)致(zhi)(zhi)(致(zhi)(zhi)畸、致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)、致(zhi)(zhi)突變)作用(yong)(yong)的(de)農(nong)藥(yao)。一(yi)般情況下,防(fang)治(zhi)稻(dao)(dao)瘟病(bing)(bing)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)三(san)環(huan)唑;防(fang)治(zhi)細菌性(xing)條斑病(bing)(bing)、白(bai)葉(xie)枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)先用(yong)(yong)消菌靈;防(fang)治(zhi)紋枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)、稻(dao)(dao)曲病(bing)(bing)用(yong)(yong)井崗(gang)霉素(su)、粉銹寧(ning);防(fang)治(zhi)立枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)用(yong)(yong)敵克松;防(fang)治(zhi)稻(dao)(dao)飛(fei)虱用(yong)(yong)吡蟲啉;防(fang)治(zhi)螟蟲用(yong)(yong)5%銳勁(jing)特加殺。
六.包裝(zhuang)標識相關規定
包裝(zhuang)標(biao)(biao)識統一使(shi)用(yong)息烽(feng)西山貢米結合農(nong)(nong)產品地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)識圖案作為(wei)包裝(zhuang)標(biao)(biao)識標(biao)(biao)注。 本規(gui)定地(di)域范圍內(nei)的(de)西望山優質(zhi)大米農(nong)(nong)產品生產經營者,在產品或包裝(zhuang)上(shang)使(shi)用(yong)農(nong)(nong)產品地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志,須向息烽(feng)縣農(nong)(nong)業技術開(kai)發服務中心提出申請,按時相關要求規(gui)范生產和使(shi)用(yong)標(biao)(biao)志。