一.產品介紹
在明(ming)代,息(xi)烽(feng)(feng)西望山(shan)(shan)(shan)是有(you)名(ming)的(de)(de)佛教圣(sheng)地(di),有(you)“南來佛教第一山(shan)(shan)(shan)”之美譽(yu),環西望山(shan)(shan)(shan)田地(di)多為(wei)(wei)廟產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)大米(mi)為(wei)(wei)佛家用米(mi)。到清代喜(xi)慶年(nian)間,貴州巡(xun)撫在貴州多地(di)選擇優(you)質大米(mi)進貢(gong)皇帝,其(qi)中就有(you)息(xi)烽(feng)(feng)西望山(shan)(shan)(shan)瑙媧地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)大米(mi),后來在當地(di)的(de)(de)傳說中長稱為(wei)(wei)“西山(shan)(shan)(shan)貢(gong)米(mi)”,傳承了(le)600余(yu)年(nian)的(de)(de)農(nong)耕(geng)文化。 息(xi)烽(feng)(feng)縣志(zhi)中有(you)相關記載:縣內大米(mi)一般(ban)每(mei)公斤含碳水(shui)化合(he)物(wu)760克,高于其(qi)他糧食作物(wu),尤以(yi)西山(shan)(shan)(shan)鄉(xiang)小鹿(lu)窩(wo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)米(mi)最好,含蛋(dan)白高達13﹪,清代年(nian)間稱“貢(gong)米(mi)”。 息(xi)烽(feng)(feng)縣西山(shan)(shan)(shan)鄉(xiang)鹿(lu)窩(wo)村(cun)村(cun)志(zhi)第七章第一節:西山(shan)(shan)(shan)貢(gong)米(mi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)在息(xi)烽(feng)(feng)縣西山(shan)(shan)(shan)鎮鹿(lu)窩(wo)村(cun),有(you)數(shu)百年(nian)歷史(shi),據史(shi)書記載,明(ming)代萬歷六年(nian)(公元1578年(nian))將此地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)大米(mi)向皇家上貢(gong),得到皇上的(de)(de)認(ren)可,由此得名(ming)為(wei)(wei)“進貢(gong)米(mi)”流(liu)芳百年(nian),遠近馳(chi)名(ming)。
二.自然生態環(huan)境(jing)和人文歷史因(yin)素
環(huan)西(xi)望山(shan)(shan)(shan)適應優(you)質(zhi)水稻種(zhong)植的(de)(de)(de)田(tian)(tian)塊以梯田(tian)(tian)為主(zhu),土壤(rang)類(lei)型主(zhu)要(yao)為紫紅色油沙地(di),土層深厚(hou),疏松肥沃,保肥能力強。士(shi)壤(rang)有(you)(you)機質(zhi)、氮(dan)、鉀、硅含量比(bi)較(jiao)豐富。海拔高度900—1000米(mi)(mi)(mi),光照(zhao)充足,通風透氣(qi)好,年平均氣(qi)溫14.5℃,年降(jiang)雨量1480毫米(mi)(mi)(mi),植被豐富,水源充沛,以天然(ran)山(shan)(shan)(shan)泉灌溉為主(zhu)。 在(zai)(zai)明代(dai),息烽(feng)西(xi)望山(shan)(shan)(shan)是(shi)有(you)(you)名的(de)(de)(de)佛教(jiao)圣地(di),有(you)(you)“南(nan)來佛教(jiao)第一山(shan)(shan)(shan)” 之美譽,環(huan)西(xi)望山(shan)(shan)(shan)田(tian)(tian)地(di)多為廟產,生產的(de)(de)(de)大(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)為佛家用米(mi)(mi)(mi)。到清代(dai)嘉慶年間,貴州(zhou)巡撫在(zai)(zai)貴州(zhou)多地(di)選(xuan)擇優(you)質(zhi)大(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)進貢(gong)(gong)皇帝,其中就有(you)(you)息烽(feng)西(xi)望山(shan)(shan)(shan)瑙(nao)媧地(di)生產的(de)(de)(de)大(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi),后(hou)來在(zai)(zai)當(dang)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)說中稱為“西(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)貢(gong)(gong)米(mi)(mi)(mi)”,傳(chuan)承了600余年的(de)(de)(de)農耕(geng)文化(hua)。
三.地域范圍
息(xi)烽西(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)貢米(mi)地(di)域(yu)保護(hu)范圍為(wei):環息(xi)烽西(xi)(xi)望山(shan)(shan)的西(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)鎮(zhen)、小寨壩鎮(zhen)、鹿(lu)窩鄉(xiang)(xiang)、九(jiu)莊鎮(zhen)四個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)的鹿(lu)窩、西(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)、新寨溝、聯(lian)合(he)、紅巖、西(xi)(xi)安、大(da)石頭(tou)、馬屯、華溪、三友、胡(hu)廣、紙房、團山(shan)(shan)共十三個村(cun)。地(di)理坐標為(wei):東經(jing)106°34′7″—106°37′,北緯27°05′7″—27°1l′,北與(yu)遵(zun)義市相(xiang)鄰(lin),西(xi)(xi)與(yu)金(jin)沙(sha)縣相(xiang)鄰(lin),東與(yu)開陽(yang)縣相(xiang)鄰(lin),南與(yu)貴陽(yang)市相(xiang)鄰(lin)。適應水稻種植而積(ji)19.4平方公里,大(da)米(mi)產量可達1.1萬噸。
四.產品品質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征
外在(zai)感觀特征:米粒長粒光(guang)(guang)滑(hua),半透明且有光(guang)(guang)澤,有清(qing)香味,粒長7.6毫米左右(you),堊白(bai)度低,堊白(bai)米率極少,在(zai)0.4﹪左右(you)。煮(zhu)熟(shu)飯(fan)后,滑(hua)潤光(guang)(guang)亮,清(qing)香四溢,口感好。 內(nei)在(zai)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao):經多次產(chan)(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)檢測報(bao)告顯示,息烽西山貢米富(fu)含維他(ta)命(ming)B和一定數(shu)量的微量元素,營養豐富(fu),對人體(ti)健(jian)康十分有益,蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)含量不低于0.8,并含多種氨基酸。 生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程中,按照無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)操作規(gui)程進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan),并嚴(yan)格執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)國(guo)家質(zhi)(zhi)量安全規(gui)定: 空氣(qi)污染(ran)物執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun):GB3095-82標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)中的二(er)級標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun) 基地稻(dao)田(tian)用水執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun):GB5084-92 土壤(rang)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun):GB5618-1995標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)中的二(er)類二(er)級指(zhi)標(biao)(biao) 品(pin)種質(zhi)(zhi)量執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun):GB4404-4409水稻(dao)二(er)級良種標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun) 農(nong)藥執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun):GB8321 衛生(sheng)(sheng)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun):GB2715-81。
五.特(te)定生產方式
西(xi)山貢米栽種區(qu)域通常選擇(ze)海拔為900—1000米的(de)區(qu)域內,水(shui)源(yuan)充(chong)沛,排灌(guan)方便(bian),土壤肥力(li)較(jiao)高,光照(zhao)充(chong)足,通風透氣好(hao),梯田(tian)(tian)為主鮑紫紅油砂(sha)質地(di)土壤為主,陽(yang)地(di)無污染,歷年來病(bing)蟲(chong)害發生(sheng)少(shao),且相(xiang)對集中連片(pian),便(bian)于(yu)規模(mo)化生(sheng)產(chan)管(guan)理(li)的(de)地(di)塊(kuai)。 主栽品(pin)種為自己多年選擇(ze)的(de)抗(kang)性強的(de)優(you)質香稻(dao),屬于(yu)基(ji)(ji)地(di)生(sheng)產(chan)專用(yong)品(pin)種,為了在生(sheng)產(chan)中不(bu)被污染,西(xi)山貢米在整個生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)中,嚴(yan)格(ge)按照(zhao)無公害優(you)質水(shui)稻(dao)生(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)術操作(zuo)規程(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)產(chan)。采用(yong)傳統的(de)牛犁田(tian)(tian)靶田(tian)(tian),人工(gong)插秧的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)方式,兩段育秧,畝施腐熟農家肥3000—4000kg左(zuo)右(you),過(guo)磷(lin)酸鈣(gai)或(huo)鈣(gai)鎂磷(lin)肥30—50kg左(zuo)右(you),鉀肥15kg。管(guan)理(li)以基(ji)(ji)肥為主,追肥為輔,增施磷(lin)鉀肥,安(an)裝(zhuang)殺(sha)蟲(chong)燈(deng),運用(yong)物理(li)防(fang)治,生(sheng)物防(fang)治相(xiang)結合為主的(de)綠色防(fang)控措施,減少(shao)病(bing)蟲(chong)害發生(sheng),規范使用(yong)農藥,嚴(yan)格(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)安(an)全間隔期規定(ding)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)收(shou)割,谷子收(shou)獲后進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)統一加工(gong)和包(bao)裝(zhuang)。 在生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)中嚴(yan)格(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)國家標(biao)準(zhun),空氣污染物標(biao)準(zhun)濃度限(xian)值(zhi)GB3095—82標(biao)準(zhun)中的(de)二(er)級(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)要求(qiu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)測定(ding)確認(ren),基(ji)(ji)地(di)稻(dao)田(tian)(tian)用(yong)水(shui)經抽查(cha)監測符合農田(tian)(tian)灌(guan)溉水(shui)質GB5084—92的(de)標(biao)準(zhun),土壤符合環境質量GBl5618—1995標(biao)準(zhun)中的(de)二(er)類二(er)級(ji)指標(biao),品(pin)種質量按GB4404—4409水(shui)稻(dao)二(er)級(ji)良種標(biao)準(zhun)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),種子實行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)精選包(bao)衣。
1、空氣、水、土壤條(tiao)件(jian)
1.1保持(chi)生(sheng)產基地空氣清潔。生(sheng)產基地四周無(wu)工礦(kuang)企業(ye)污(wu)染源(yuan),遠離(li)醫(yi)院(yuan)和主要鐵路、公(gong)路干線等(deng)污(wu)染源(yuan),按空氣污(wu)染物標(biao)準(zhun)濃(nong)度(du)限值GB3095—82標(biao)準(zhun)中的二(er)級標(biao)準(zhun)要求(qiu)進行測定確認。
1.2 保(bao)持(chi)生產(chan)基(ji)地(di)灌溉(gai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)清(qing)潔和排(pai)灌方(fang)便(bian)。基(ji)地(di)稻田(tian)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)經抽(chou)查監(jian)測符合(he)農田(tian)灌溉(gai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質GB5084—92的(de)(de)標準。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源條件好、排(pai)灌方(fang)便(bian)、旱澇保(bao)收的(de)(de)稻田(tian)作為基(ji)地(di),對促(cu)進生產(chan)和提高生產(chan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping),增加收益具有重要作用。
1.3 土壤(rang)(rang)要(yao)求及培(pei)肥(fei)(fei)地力。基地稻田要(yao)選擇土壤(rang)(rang)耕層深厚、肥(fei)(fei)沃,通透性(xing)能好,pH值5.5-7,有(you)(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)1.2-2%,具有(you)(you)較(jiao)好的(de)(de)保水、保肥(fei)(fei)能力,土壤(rang)(rang)符合環境質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)GBl5618—1995標準中的(de)(de)二類(lei)二級指標。此外,為了培(pei)肥(fei)(fei)地力,減少(shao)病(bing)蟲、雜草(cao)為害(hai)和蔓延,還引(yin)導重(zhong)視生產基地增施有(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)習(xi)慣。同時(shi)要(yao)從(cong)耕作制度(du)上(shang)創造(zao)條件(jian),開(kai)展年度(du)問、作物間的(de)(de)大輪作和季節(jie)性(xing)的(de)(de)小輪作,為無公害(hai)優質(zhi)(zhi)水稻生產打(da)下(xia)一個良好的(de)(de)綜合基礎。
2、品種(zhong)(zhong)選擇 根據水(shui)稻對生態環境的適應性及其生產地(di)的光、溫、水(shui)和(he)土(tu)壤(rang)條件,選擇抗逆(ni)性好,抗病蟲害(hai)能(neng)力強的部、省評(ping)定的高產優(you)質水(shui)稻品種(zhong)(zhong)、組合。品種(zhong)(zhong)質量(liang)按GB4404—4409水(shui)稻二(er)級良種(zhong)(zhong)標準執行(xing),種(zhong)(zhong)子要實行(xing)精選包衣。
3、標準化生產操作
3.1秧田:秧床處(chu)理 3.1.1整(zheng)地(di):提前(qian)犁耙,精細整(zheng)地(di),打碎土(tu)(tu)(tu)塊,按1.4m的廂面起畦。 3.1.2施(shi)肥(fei)(fei):每平方(fang)米施(shi)腐熟細廄肥(fei)(fei)10kg(禁(jin)用未發酵腐熟的有機肥(fei)(fei))均勻深(shen)翻入土(tu)(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)(tu)肥(fei)(fei)相(xiang)隔(ge);播種(zhong)前(qian)3-5天(tian),用尿素40g、過鈣150g、硫酸(suan)鉀30g,一次(ci)性混(hun)施(shi),要求均勻施(shi)入10-15cm土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng),以免發生肥(fei)(fei)害。
3.1.3土壤(rang)調酸(suan)消(xiao)毒:采(cai)用(yong)(yong)旱育秧的秧床(chuang)要求測試土壤(rang)pH值(zhi),pH值(zhi)大于6應調酸(suan)。播(bo)種(zhong)前20-25天,可用(yong)(yong)硫磺粉勻施翻入土10cm,用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)應根據pH值(zhi)確定(ding);土壤(rang)pH6.5-7,硫黃粉劑用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)75g,pH7-7.5,用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)100克,pH7.5-8.3用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)150g。土壤(rang)消(xiao)毒方(fang)(fang)法是整平秧床(chuang)土面,并澆透水,于播(bo)種(zhong)前用(yong)(yong)95%敵克松,每平方(fang)(fang)米2.5g兌水800-1000倍液噴灑,然后澆水至最(zui)大持水量(liang)(liang)(liang)。
3.2播種及苗床管理
3.2.1播種期:根據大田栽秧日(ri)期和預定的(de)秧齡而定,掌握移栽時(shi)秧齡為(wei)30-45天(tian)的(de)小(xiao)苗或中苗,盡量做(zuo)到(dao)不插老秧。
3.2.2種(zhong)子處理:種(zhong)子經包衣(yi)后,可不(bu)必進行催芽直接播種(zhong)。
3.2.3播種(zhong)(zhong)量:種(zhong)(zhong)植雜(za)交稻,早(zao)季(ji)(ji)一(yi)般每(mei)畝需種(zhong)(zhong)1.5kg左右,晚(wan)季(ji)(ji)為1kg;如(ru)種(zhong)(zhong)植常(chang)規稻,一(yi)般畝用種(zhong)(zhong)量早(zao)季(ji)(ji)為5-6kg,晚(wan)季(ji)(ji)為3-4kg。播種(zhong)(zhong)時,要求將芽(ya)谷均(jun)勻(yun)撒在秧床土(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)上,用裹住薄膜的(de)木板輕壓種(zhong)(zhong)子,使之(zhi)(zhi)三面(mian)入土(tu);然后(hou),用過(guo)篩(shai)的(de)細床土(tu)均(jun)勻(yun)覆蓋種(zhong)(zhong)子,使種(zhong)(zhong)子不裸露為當(dang)。
3.2.4化(hua)學除草(cao)(cao):旱育秧(yang)較水秧(yang)田草(cao)(cao)害(hai)(hai)和(he)地(di)下害(hai)(hai)蟲嚴(yan)重(zhong),播種后出芽前,每畝苗床用(yong)50%丁草(cao)(cao)胺乳油100ml加水50kg用(yong)噴(pen)(pen)霧器均勻地(di)輕噴(pen)(pen)于秧(yang)坂以防草(cao)(cao)害(hai)(hai)。
3.3本田
3.3.1整(zheng)(zheng)田(tian)(tian)(tian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)基肥(fei)(fei):整(zheng)(zheng)田(tian)(tian)(tian)應堅持三犁三耙,尤其是谷茬田(tian)(tian)(tian)要(yao)做到谷倒田(tian)(tian)(tian)翻(fan)身,稻桿還田(tian)(tian)(tian)。插秧時(shi),整(zheng)(zheng)田(tian)(tian)(tian)要(yao)求(qiu)做到田(tian)(tian)(tian)平泥化(hua),施(shi)(shi)(shi)足底肥(fei)(fei),以有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)為主,氮、磷、鉀(jia)(jia)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)配(pei)合(he),一(yi)般在每畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)腐(fu)熟農家有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)1000kg的基礎(chu)上(shang),增施(shi)(shi)(shi)碳(tan)銨30-40kg,普鈣(gai)40-30kg,有(you)條件的加硫酸鉀(jia)(jia)15-20kg。施(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)時(shi),提倡施(shi)(shi)(shi)中層肥(fei)(fei),讓(rang)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)與土壤團粒融合(he),減少流(liu)失,提高化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)利用率。
3.3.2淺(qian)插(cha)、稀(xi)植(zhi)、適當稀(xi)植(zhi):堅持(chi)不(bu)栽深秧,力(li)(li)求淺(qian)插(cha),一(yi)般(ban)插(cha)入泥中2厘米。促進(jin)低節位分蘗,以利早生快(kuai)發。每畝插(cha)0.8-l萬(wan)叢;泥砂土田、肥(fei)力(li)(li)中等田,每畝插(cha)l-1.2萬(wan)叢;易跑(pao)水跑(pao)肥(fei)田,靠(kao)插(cha)不(bu)靠(kao)發,每畝插(cha)1.2-1.5萬(wan)叢。一(yi)般(ban)要求畝最高(gao)莖(jing)蘗數為12-18萬(wan)苗,每畝有效穗(sui)11-13萬(wan)穗(sui),成穗(sui)率70-80%。
3.3.3科(ke)學追(zhui)肥(fei):做到“前(qian)期早追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi),中穩不瘋(feng)長,后健(jian)不早衰(shuai)”,穗肥(fei)適當早施(shi)(shi)(shi),一般不施(shi)(shi)(shi)粒(li)肥(fei)。實行配(pei)方施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei),氮(dan)(dan)磷(lin)鉀合理搭配(pei),根據土壤肥(fei)瘦(shou),分蘗肥(fei)一般畝追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素(su)8-10kg,加硫酸鉀5-6kg。禁止使用(yong)硝(xiao)態(tai)(tai)氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(如硝(xiao)酸銨等(deng))和(he)以硝(xiao)態(tai)(tai)氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)作(zuo)(zuo)基肥(fei)生產的復(混)合肥(fei)作(zuo)(zuo)追(zhui)肥(fei)。大力(li)推廣葉面噴施(shi)(shi)(shi)微肥(fei)、生物(wu)鉀肥(fei)、有機(ji)液肥(fei)。
3.3.4合理灌水(shui)的(de)原則:淺(qian)水(shui)活苗,寸水(shui)活棵,薄水(shui)分蘗(bo)(bo),蘗(bo)(bo)夠曬田,深水(shui)孕(yun)穗(sui),干濕(shi)壯籽,達到葉(xie)青(qing)腳(jiao)秀(xiu),谷(gu)黃(huang)稈(gan)綠(lv),穗(sui)大粒多的(de)高產長相(xiang)。插(cha)(cha)秧時,水(shui)不(bu)宜過深,防止漂秧。秧插(cha)(cha)完后(hou)適當將水(shui)灌到5cm深。移(yi)栽(zai)后(hou)35-40天(tian)進入分蘗(bo)(bo)高峰期,為(wei)了控制無效分蘗(bo)(bo),減少養分消(xiao)耗,應(ying)撤干田水(shui)曬田,沙壤土土層(ceng)薄,不(bu)可曬開(kai)裂(lie);耕(geng)層(ceng)厚、土質肥沃田要重曬,曬至田泥開(kai)雞爪裂(lie)為(wei)宜。孕(yun)穗(sui)期是需水(shui)關(guan)鍵(jian)階段,灌水(shui)10cm,不(bu)可脫(tuo)水(shui)。抽穗(sui)期至成熟(shu)期采取干濕(shi)交替,濕(shi)潤灌溉,有利灌漿結實(shi),籽粒飽滿。
3.4病蟲害(hai)綜合防治
3.4.1主要病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害:水稻的主要病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害有稻瘟病(bing)、稻曲病(bing)、細菌性條斑病(bing)、白葉枯(ku)病(bing)、紋(wen)枯(ku)病(bing)、螟(ming)蟲(chong)(chong)、稻飛虱、粘蟲(chong)(chong)、負泥蟲(chong)(chong)、稻癭蚊等。
3.4.2防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)原(yuan)則(ze)及措施(shi):預防(fang)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),綜(zong)合(he)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。堅(jian)持(chi)以選(xuan)擇(ze)抗病(bing)良(liang)種(zhong)為(wei)(wei)中心(xin),保健栽培為(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎(chu),輔以藥劑早防(fang),同時(shi)注意保護好天敵(di)的(de)(de)原(yuan)則(ze),綜(zong)合(he)、全面地(di)進(jin)行病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)措施(shi):進(jin)行種(zhong)子(zi)處理選(xuan)用包衣種(zhong)子(zi),或(huo)用多菌靈、石灰(hui)水等浸種(zhong),殺滅附著在(zai)種(zhong)子(zi)上的(de)(de)病(bing)菌;作好秧(yang)田(tian)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)水稻(dao)(dao)秧(yang)田(tian)期(qi)移栽前(qian),要噴灑(sa)一次農(nong)藥,將(jiang)主(zhu)要病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害集(ji)中撲滅秧(yang)田(tian)里,嚴(yan)防(fang)帶入大田(tian),擴散危(wei)害;及時(shi)檢查(cha)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)水稻(dao)(dao)分蘗(bo)盛(sheng)期(qi)和破(po)口期(qi)進(jin)行田(tian)間(jian)檢查(cha),及時(shi)發現病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)中心(xin),并噴藥防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),可(ke)防(fang)止危(wei)害蔓延(yan),避免(mian)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)危(wei)害的(de)(de)大發生。對穗頸瘟、稻(dao)(dao)曲病(bing)、稻(dao)(dao)飛虱、螟蟲(chong)(chong)必須在(zai)破(po)口期(qi)重點防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),防(fang)止造成危(wei)害。
3.4.3農(nong)(nong)藥選(xuan)擇:在藥劑防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時,嚴格執行GB8321《農(nong)(nong)藥合理使(shi)用(yong)準則(ze)》,選(xuan)用(yong)高效(xiao)、低(di)毒(du)、低(di)殘(can)(can)留農(nong)(nong)藥,嚴禁使(shi)用(yong)劇(ju)毒(du)、高毒(du)、高殘(can)(can)留及具有三致(zhi)(致(zhi)畸、致(zhi)癌、致(zhi)突(tu)變(bian))作用(yong)的農(nong)(nong)藥。一般情況下,防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稻(dao)瘟病(bing)選(xuan)用(yong)三環唑;防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)細菌(jun)(jun)性條斑病(bing)、白葉枯病(bing)先用(yong)消菌(jun)(jun)靈(ling);防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)紋枯病(bing)、稻(dao)曲病(bing)用(yong)井崗霉素、粉(fen)銹寧;防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立枯病(bing)用(yong)敵克松;防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稻(dao)飛虱用(yong)吡(bi)蟲啉;防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)螟蟲用(yong)5%銳(rui)勁(jing)特加殺。
六(liu).包裝標(biao)識相關規定(ding)
包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)標(biao)識(shi)統一使(shi)用息烽西山貢米(mi)結合(he)農(nong)產品(pin)地理標(biao)識(shi)圖案(an)作為包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)標(biao)識(shi)標(biao)注(zhu)。 本規(gui)定地域范圍內的西望山優(you)質大米(mi)農(nong)產品(pin)生產經營者(zhe),在產品(pin)或包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)上使(shi)用農(nong)產品(pin)地理標(biao)志,須(xu)向息烽縣農(nong)業技術開發服務中心提(ti)出申請,按(an)時相關要(yao)求規(gui)范生產和使(shi)用標(biao)志。