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一.產品介紹

均州(zhou)(zhou)名(ming)(ming)(ming)曬(shai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)方性淡色曬(shai)黃煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，采用(yong)繩索串曬(shai)架晾凋萎變黃、地(di)曬(shai)干燥定色、白曬(shai)夜堆上汗(han)、室(shi)外(wai)堆積發酵(jiao)、分(fen)級打捆后(hou)(hou)二次發酵(jiao)的(de)(de)傳統調制方法。煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉色澤鮮明純(chun)正，煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)味純(chun)和，香氣(qi)濃郁，油(you)分(fen)足，彈(dan)性好，燃燒性強，有“吃不過的(de)(de)均州(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”之(zhi)佳評（丹(dan)江(jiang)口(kou)市(shi)志第118頁）。 均州(zhou)(zhou)名(ming)(ming)(ming)曬(shai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)是我國(guo)名(ming)(ming)(ming)曬(shai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)一種(zhong)，屬香料型(xing)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉，是配(pei)制混合型(xing)卷(juan)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)不可缺少(shao)的(de)(de)優質(zhi)調料，產于(yu)(yu)(yu)丹(dan)江(jiang)口(kou)市(shi)(古稱均州(zhou)(zhou))。據《丹(dan)江(jiang)口(kou)市(shi)志》記載，明崇禎三(san)年(nian)（1630年(nian)）前后(hou)(hou)，從美洲傳入并(bing)種(zhong)植成功(gong)，有“均州(zhou)(zhou)名(ming)(ming)(ming)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”之(zhi)稱。清代被作(zuo)為(wei)“貢(gong)品”敬獻皇帝，民國(guo)年(nian)間(jian)，在(zai)巴拿(na)馬國(guo)際博覽會上獲(huo)得銀質(zhi)獎(jiang)，由此名(ming)(ming)(ming)揚天(tian)下，具今有380多年(nian)的(de)(de)生(sheng)產歷史。均州(zhou)(zhou)名(ming)(ming)(ming)曬(shai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)香型(xing)獨特(te)，似烤煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，可廣泛應用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)烤煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)型(xing)、混合型(xing)、雪茄型(xing)等各(ge)類產品配(pei)方中，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)提(ti)高(gao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)香豐富性、增加香氣(qi)濃度和“減(jian)害(hai)降(jiang)焦”具有積極(ji)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。1983年(nian)被確定為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)名(ming)(ming)(ming)曬(shai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)生(sheng)產基地(di)，1984年(nian)“均州(zhou)(zhou)名(ming)(ming)(ming)曬(shai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”列入《全(quan)國(guo)名(ming)(ming)(ming)晾曬(shai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)名(ming)(ming)(ming)錄》。其地(di)域保護范圍為(wei)東(dong)經110°08＇～111°34＇、北緯32°14＇～32°58＇之(zhi)間(jian)；產區位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)湖北省丹(dan)江(jiang)口(kou)市(shi)所轄(xia)的(de)(de)均縣鎮、習家店鎮、蒿坪鎮、石鼓鎮4個(ge)鎮，共46個(ge)行政村；總種(zhong)植面(mian)積3.5萬畝。丹(dan)江(jiang)口(kou)市(shi)委(wei)、市(shi)政府高(gao)度重(zhong)視均州(zhou)(zhou)曬(shai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)品牌(pai)打造工作(zuo)，成立了品牌(pai)創建(jian)工作(zuo)領導小組，以此助推均州(zhou)(zhou)名(ming)(ming)(ming)曬(shai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)健康(kang)和持續發展，提(ti)升(sheng)均州(zhou)(zhou)名(ming)(ming)(ming)曬(shai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)知名(ming)(ming)(ming)度和美譽(yu)度。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌情況(kuang)：均州名(ming)曬(shai)煙(yan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)漢江(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)上游，位(wei)居南(nan)(nan)水(shui)(shui)北(bei)(bei)(bei)調中(zhong)(zhong)線工(gong)(gong)程核心(xin)水(shui)(shui)源區腹(fu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)，境(jing)內有(you)全(quan)國(guo)著(zhu)名(ming)的(de)“一山一水(shui)(shui)”即道教圣地(di)(di)(di)(di)“武當山”和(he)(he)(he)亞洲(zhou)最大(da)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)淡水(shui)(shui)湖(hu)“丹江(jiang)(jiang)口水(shui)(shui)庫”。南(nan)(nan)有(you)巴山雄峙，北(bei)(bei)(bei)有(you)秦嶺(ling)余脈(mo)屏障，八百(bai)里武當居中(zhong)(zhong)，東(dong)連老河口市和(he)(he)(he)河南(nan)(nan)省淅川縣(xian)，西(xi)接十(shi)堰市和(he)(he)(he)鄖縣(xian)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)呈心(xin)臟形(xing)(xing)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)西(xi)高(gao)東(dong)低，漢江(jiang)(jiang)自西(xi)向(xiang)東(dong)貫穿，將全(quan)境(jing)陸地(di)(di)(di)(di)分(fen)割成(cheng)“江(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)(nan)”、“江(jiang)(jiang)北(bei)(bei)(bei)”兩(liang)個自然(ran)板(ban)塊，俗稱江(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)北(bei)(bei)(bei)。國(guo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)為“七(qi)山二水(shui)(shui)一分(fen)田(tian)”自然(ran)格(ge)局。產地(di)(di)(di)(di)山清(qing)水(shui)(shui)秀，景色(se)宜人(ren)(ren)，平(ping)均海(hai)拔(ba)在(zai)350m；土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)以黃棕壤(rang)(rang)為主，夾有(you)紫色(se)土(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)(he)石灰土(tu)(tu)(tu)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)性至酸(suan)性，質(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)輕壤(rang)(rang)至中(zhong)(zhong)壤(rang)(rang)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深厚，保水(shui)(shui)保肥(fei)能力較(jiao)強，改良后活土(tu)(tu)(tu)層厚度50cm以上，地(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)位(wei)80㎝以下；有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量0.52％～2.7％，全(quan)氮0.03％～0.15％，有(you)效磷(lin)0.06％～0.14％，含(han)鉀在(zai)0.5％～2.5％，PH值6.4～7.8，養(yang)分(fen)含(han)量較(jiao)高(gao)，為均州名(ming)曬(shai)煙(yan)的(de)生(sheng)長提(ti)供了天然(ran)的(de)礦物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)營養(yang)成(cheng)份，這是形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)均州名(ming)曬(shai)煙(yan)“高(gao)糖、高(gao)蛋(dan)白、適煙(yan)堿，油(you)分(fen)足(zu)、煙(yan)氣柔和(he)(he)(he)、細膩(ni)，”特點的(de)必(bi)要(yao)條件。

2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況：均(jun)(jun)州(zhou)名(ming)(ming)曬(shai)煙產(chan)(chan)(chan)區主(zhu)(zhu)要分(fen)布在丹(dan)江口庫區沿岸間的山地(di)丘陵、低(di)(di)山河谷(gu)環境。產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)南北物種(zhong)交匯，環境優越，植被覆蓋率達64.5%。產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)平均(jun)(jun)海(hai)拔(ba)400m，背(bei)山面水(shui)(shui)(shui)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)，境內(nei)的丹(dan)江口水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫是亞洲最大(da)(da)的人工(gong)淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)湖(hu)，是舉世矚(zhu)目的南水(shui)(shui)(shui)北調中線工(gong)程調水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)頭，水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)約有275.46億(yi)立方(fang)米，絕大(da)(da)部分(fen)由漢、丹(dan)二(er)江帶來，加上本地(di)地(di)表徑流(liu)資(zi)源(yuan)，河川徑流(liu)資(zi)源(yuan)為(wei)285.12億(yi)立方(fang)米。產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)內(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質良好(hao)，礦化(hua)度低(di)(di)，ph、總(zong)硬(ying)度適中，水(shui)(shui)(shui)體中主(zhu)(zhu)要離子(zi)含量(liang)一般都在正(zheng)常范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)，主(zhu)(zhu)要水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)河床落差大(da)(da)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)能蘊藏量(liang)累計5.5萬(wan)千瓦(wa)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)質達國家Ⅱ類水(shui)(shui)(shui)質以上標(biao)準(zhun)。豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)為(wei)均(jun)(jun)州(zhou)名(ming)(ming)曬(shai)煙“色澤黃亮、葉(xie)片較大(da)(da)、厚(hou)(hou)薄(bo)適中”的外觀特征形(xing)成，提供(gong)了得天獨厚(hou)(hou)的自然條件(jian)。

3、氣(qi)(qi)侯(hou)特點：均(jun)州名曬(shai)煙(yan)產地(di)處于南北氣(qi)(qi)候過渡(du)帶，屬(shu)亞熱帶半(ban)濕潤(run)季風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候區(qu)，由于秦嶺山脈的(de)(de)屏障作用，加之(zhi)丹江口(kou)水庫的(de)(de)“湖泊熱效應”及垂直(zhi)地(di)貌影(ying)響，構成(cheng)了優越的(de)(de)“四季分(fen)明、光(guang)照(zhao)充足(zu)、熱量豐富、雨(yu)(yu)熱同季，無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)(qi)長(chang)，相對濕度大(da)(da)(da)”的(de)(de)山地(di)氣(qi)(qi)候特點。產地(di)內無(wu)大(da)(da)(da)型工礦企業，大(da)(da)(da)氣(qi)(qi)清新無(wu)污染(ran)，符合(he)(he)GB3095—2012的(de)(de)Ⅰ級標準；年(nian)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫7.7℃～16℃，＞10℃的(de)(de)活動(dong)積溫為2200℃～5100℃，無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)(qi)180～250天，日照(zhao)時數1950小時，年(nian)均(jun)日照(zhao)率為44％，年(nian)降雨(yu)(yu)量750～900毫米(mi)，干、雨(yu)(yu)季分(fen)明，雨(yu)(yu)季從5月至6月初開始，10月結束，降水占全年(nian)水量的(de)(de)80%～90%，夜(ye)雨(yu)(yu)率占70%～80%，十分(fen)利于均(jun)州名曬(shai)煙(yan)的(de)(de)生長(chang)。種(zhong)植(zhi)區(qu)氣(qi)(qi)候溫和，夏無(wu)酷署(shu)，冬無(wu)嚴寒，光(guang)照(zhao)充足(zu)，雨(yu)(yu)水充沛，氣(qi)(qi)溫年(nian)較差小，日較差大(da)(da)(da)，光(guang)合(he)(he)效率高，葉片的(de)(de)光(guang)合(he)(he)能(neng)力較強，十分(fen)有利煙(yan)葉光(guang)合(he)(he)作用的(de)(de)高積累，形成(cheng)“香氣(qi)(qi)充足(zu)”的(de)(de)優質曬(shai)煙(yan)風(feng)格特征。

三.地域范圍

均(jun)州名(ming)曬煙產地范圍為(wei)湖(hu)北(bei)省(sheng)丹江口市(shi)所轄的均(jun)縣鎮(zhen)、習家店鎮(zhen)、蒿坪鎮(zhen)、石鼓鎮(zhen)等(deng)4個鎮(zhen)、計46個行政村。其(qi)地理位置位于東經110°08＇—111°34＇、北(bei)緯32°14＇—32°58＇之間(jian)。均(jun)州名(ming)曬煙種植面積733公(gong)頃，年產量(liang)1000噸(dun)，產值(zhi)0.18億元。

四(si).產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質特性(xing)特征(zheng)

1、外(wai)觀感官特征：生(sheng)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)外(wai)觀：莖葉角(jiao)度(du)較小，著葉28～34片，葉片較窄而(er)厚，筋脈細，呈(cheng)(cheng)闊橢(tuo)圓形(xing)；葉柄生(sheng)毛，露浸不拖頭；易退青變(bian)黃，水(shui)分含量少(shao)；顏色深黃，色度(du)飽(bao)滿，油分充(chong)足(zu)，組織細致，厚薄適中(zhong)，成(cheng)熟度(du)好，填(tian)充(chong)力強，彈性好，香(xiang)味充(chong)足(zu)。成(cheng)品煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉：香(xiang)氣濃郁，手揉(rou)葉呈(cheng)(cheng)麩片狀，燃(ran)燒(shao)性好，燃(ran)燒(shao)后灰 呈(cheng)(cheng)潔白；吸味飽(bao)滿，勁頭足(zu)，刺激性小；含糖量適中(zhong)，化學成(cheng)分協(xie)調；煙(yan)(yan)(yan)氣柔和、細膩(ni)，余(yu)味舒適純凈，濃勁比(bi)協(xie)調，配伍性好，工(gong)業可用(yong)性強。

2、內(nei)在(zai)品質指(zhi)標： 煙(yan)(yan)葉安全性高，無殘毒，無農藥殘留；煙(yan)(yan)葉中“高糖(tang)、適煙(yan)(yan)堿、富(fu)鉀、蛋白質”是形成均(jun)州名曬煙(yan)(yan)的重要化學(xue)物質基礎。蛋白質6%～8%，總糖(tang)12%～16%，總氮2.2%～2.8%，煙(yan)(yan)堿3%～3.8%，鉀1.2%～1.7%，氯(lv)0.6%～1.2%。

3、安全要求(qiu)：產(chan)地(di)環境要求(qiu)執(zhi)行(xing)NY/T852煙草(cao)產(chan)地(di)環境技術條件；農藥(yao)使用符合《煙草(cao)農藥(yao)使用推薦意見》（中國煙葉(xie)公司發(fa)布）；質(zhi)量要求(qiu)按(an)DB42/T225—2002《均縣名曬煙》標準執(zhi)行(xing)。