一.產品介紹
德化淮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),俗稱寸金薯(shu)、薯(shu)仔,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植歷史(shi)悠久(jiu),主產區位于素有(you)(you)“閩(min)中(zhong)屋脊(ji)”之稱的戴云山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈,海拔500-1200米,溫(wen)差大(da),雨水充沛,長(chang)期的人(ren)工選留種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)形成了獨(du)特的優良(liang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寸金薯(shu)。在(zai)當地享(xiang)有(you)(you)“天(tian)下(xia)百(bai)薯(shu),不(bu)如寸金薯(shu)”美譽(yu)(yu)。德化淮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)塊(kuai)莖表皮(pi)淡褐色(se)或淡黃色(se),長(chang)條圓(yuan)型,龍頭短,薯(shu)長(chang)50-80cm,須(xu)根多,切口乳白色(se),有(you)(you)濃稠黏液(ye),蒸煮易熟爛,薯(shu)味(wei)(wei)清香(xiang),口感松(song)嫩,粒狀(zhuang)感明顯,具有(you)(you)“色(se)味(wei)(wei)極(ji)珍(zhen)品(pin)(pin)”的獨(du)特品(pin)(pin)質。 德化淮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)主栽品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“寸金薯(shu)”,早在(zai)清朝《德化縣志》(清?乾隆十二(er)年)已有(you)(you)記載。“天(tian)下(xia)百(bai)薯(shu),不(bu)如寸金薯(shu)”以(yi)“色(se)味(wei)(wei)極(ji)珍(zhen)品(pin)(pin)”(清.乾隆版縣志語(yu)(yu)言)。相傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)道(dao)德仙(xian)在(zai)芹(qin)峰修練期間,在(zai)芹(qin)峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)下(xia)“道(dao)德仙(xian)水圳”附近種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)子(zi)(今稱寸金薯(shu)淮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan))為(wei)食(shi)。據(ju)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)芹(qin)峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)下(xia),有(you)(you)一位社人(ren)患隔食(shi)(今稱食(shi)道(dao)癌)久(jiu)治不(bu)愈(yu),上(shang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)向道(dao)德仙(xian)求醫,送薯(shu)子(zi)、紅(hong)菇煮湯服后病(bing)愈(yu),后人(ren)稱“薯(shu)子(zi)”為(wei)“仙(xian)薯(shu)”。藍田(今稱洋田)、歐山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(今稱英山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan))歷代(dai)民眾(zhong)篩選繁(fan)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植,成為(wei)英山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)“寸金薯(shu)淮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)品(pin)(pin)質松(song)香(xiang)、口感好、風味(wei)(wei)獨(du)特、營(ying)養豐富(fu)。具有(you)(you)健脾養胃、滋腎益(yi)精(jing)、益(yi)肺(fei)止咳、降低(di)血糖、延年益(yi)壽之功效(xiao)。 德化淮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)現有(you)(you)栽培面積1萬多畝(mu),年產量1.3萬噸以(yi)上(shang),產品(pin)(pin)主要銷往泉(quan)州(zhou)、廈門、潮汕以(yi)及(ji)臺灣(wan)、香(xiang)港等(deng)市(shi)場,其(qi)產品(pin)(pin)疏松(song)可口、“色(se)味(wei)(wei)極(ji)珍(zhen)品(pin)(pin)”(縣志語(yu)(yu)言)的獨(du)特品(pin)(pin)質享(xiang)譽(yu)(yu)閩(min)南傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)銷區。
二(er).自(zi)然生態環境和(he)人(ren)文(wen)歷史因素
1、土壤地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌情況:德化縣(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢較(jiao)高(gao)(gao),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形復雜,屬中(zhong)低山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌。福建省第二高(gao)(gao)峰戴云山(shan)主峰橫(heng)亙本縣(xian)中(zhong)部,故我(wo)縣(xian)有閩中(zhong)屋脊之(zhi)(zhi)稱,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢大致(zhi)由中(zhong)部向四周傾斜,呈層狀逐級下(xia)降,具有鮮明的山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)特色,散布在(zai)山(shan)中(zhong)的山(shan)間小盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢比較(jiao)平(ping)坦。土壤成土母質以酸性(xing)巖(yan)為(wei)主,土壤的PH值在(zai)5.0—6.5之(zhi)(zhi)間,有機質含(han)量(liang)在(zai)1.5—2.5%之(zhi)(zhi)間,富含(han)硼等多種(zhong)微量(liang)元素。淮(huai)(huai)山(shan)栽培大部分面積(ji)分布于海拔(ba)500-1200米的山(shan)間小盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和緩坡地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)間,質地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)砂壤土或(huo)壤土,通(tong)透性(xing)好,適宜栽培淮(huai)(huai)山(shan)等根莖作物。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情況:德化(hua)縣(xian)屬于中(zhong)亞熱帶氣(qi)候(hou)區(qu),具(ju)有(you)氣(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)涼適中(zhong),四季(ji)分(fen)(fen)(fen)明,雨(yu)量(liang)充(chong)沛等特(te)點。年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)均(jun)(jun)(jun)在1600-2000毫米之間,每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)達(da)25.059億立方米,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)年(nian)(nian)(nian)徑流(liu)深(shen)1000-1300毫米,徑流(liu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布由南(nan)向東(dong)逐步遞減,區(qu)域分(fen)(fen)(fen)布大致南(nan)部多于北(bei)(bei)部,戴云山(shan)、石牛山(shan)南(nan)麓的(de)赤水(shui)(shui)、雷(lei)峰(feng)、潯中(zhong)等一帶為(wei)多雨(yu)區(qu),年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)1900-2100毫米,而其北(bei)(bei)麓的(de)大銘、水(shui)(shui)口、葛(ge)坑一帶為(wei)少(shao)雨(yu)區(qu),平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)為(wei)1500-1600毫米。境內地區(qu)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)具(ju)有(you)雨(yu)量(liang)多、強度大、年(nian)(nian)(nian)際變(bian)化(hua)大、年(nian)(nian)(nian)內分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)不均(jun)(jun)(jun)勻、地域降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)變(bian)化(hua)懸殊等特(te)點。年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)比沿海地區(qu)增加500-600毫米,有(you)利于淮山(shan)生長(chang)發育。主要河流(liu)有(you)大樟(zhang)溪(xi)(xi)上(shang)游的(de)產溪(xi)(xi)(潯水(shui)(shui))、涌溪(xi)(xi),晉江水(shui)(shui)系的(de)大溪(xi)(xi)、畬寮溪(xi)(xi)。大小(xiao)河流(liu)密集分(fen)(fen)(fen)布全(quan)縣(xian)各地,常年(nian)(nian)(nian)可為(wei)淮山(shan)生長(chang)提(ti)供(gong)澆灌水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)。
3、氣(qi)候(hou)情況:德(de)化縣屬于中亞熱帶海洋性季風氣(qi)候(hou),年平均氣(qi)溫15.6-19.5℃,年平均降水量1600-2000毫米,日照時數1875.4小時。山(shan)地氣(qi)候(hou)明(ming)顯(xian),夏季氣(qi)候(hou)涼爽,晝夜溫差較大(da)(da),有利(li)于薯(shu)塊長(chang)大(da)(da)和淀粉累積,在(zai)特(te)殊氣(qi)候(hou)條件下長(chang)期生(sheng)長(chang),形(xing)成(cheng)獨(du)特(te)的淮山(shan)品(pin)種“寸金薯(shu)”。主要自然(ran)災害為霜凍、暴(bao)雨、臺風等。
三.地域范圍
德化淮山(又稱寸金薯、山藥等)地理(li)標志地域保(bao)護(hu)范圍包括德化縣(xian)(xian)(xian)龍潯鎮(zhen)(zhen)、潯中鎮(zhen)(zhen)、雷(lei)峰鎮(zhen)(zhen)、蓋德鎮(zhen)(zhen)、三(san)班(ban)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、上涌鎮(zhen)(zhen)等18個鎮(zhen)(zhen)鄉。德化縣(xian)(xian)(xian)位于福建省中部,大樟溪上游(you)(you),泉州市北面。介于東經(jing)117゜55ˊ~118゜32ˊ,北緯(wei)25゜23ˊ~25゜56ˊ之間。東與(yu)福州市永泰縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、莆田市仙游(you)(you)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)界(jie)連,南(nan)與(yu)永春(chun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)毗鄰(lin),西(xi)與(yu)三(san)明(ming)市大田縣(xian)(xian)(xian)接壤,北與(yu)三(san)明(ming)市尤溪縣(xian)(xian)(xian)相(xiang)鄰(lin)。全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)總(zong)面積(ji)2219.72平方公里(li)。淮山總(zong)生產面積(ji)2000公頃,總(zong)產量4.5萬(wan)噸,總(zong)產值約1.8億元。
四(si).產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征
1、外(wai)在感官特征:德化(hua)淮山塊莖表皮(pi)淡(dan)褐色或淡(dan)黃色,長條圓型,龍頭短,薯(shu)長50-80cm,須根多(duo),切口乳白色,有濃稠黏液,蒸(zheng)煮易熟(shu)爛,薯(shu)味(wei)清香,口感松嫩,粒狀(zhuang)感明顯,具(ju)有“色味(wei)極珍品”的獨特品質。
2、內在品質指標:蛋白質6.5-6.95%,粗纖維0.90-1.2%,脂(zhi)肪0.15-0.23%,水分(fen)2.6-3.0%,淀粉63.0-66.0%,浸出物10.5-11.0%,氨基酸5.1-5.6%。
3、安全(quan)要求:德化淮山產(chan)(chan)品質量(liang)應符合《無(wu)公害(hai)食品薯芋類(lei)蔬菜》(NY5221-2005)標準、中華人(ren)民(min)共和國農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品質量(liang)安全(quan)法、國務院關(guan)于加(jia)強(qiang)食品等(deng)產(chan)(chan)品安全(quan)監督(du)管理的特別規(gui)定等(deng)相關(guan)規(gui)范和法律(lv)法規(gui)規(gui)定。
五.特(te)定生產方式(shi)
1、產地(di)選擇(ze): 選擇(ze)海拔500-1200米,土(tu)壤微酸性、質地(di)疏松不粘重(zhong)、排水(shui)方便的(de)水(shui)稻土(tu)或旱地(di)種植。產地(di)要遠離(li)工業“三(san)廢”等污染源,土(tu)壤環(huan)境、灌溉水(shui)質和空氣(qi)環(huan)境質量應符合(he)農業部(bu)制定(ding)的(de)無公害蔬(shu)菜(cai)產地(di)環(huan)境標準。
2、品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze)與(yu)特定要(yao)求:選(xuan)擇(ze)具德化淮山特征特性(xing)(xing),選(xuan)用“零余子”(氣生薯)數(shu)量少(shao)的品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、表皮完(wan)好(hao)、無病無損的塊莖作繁殖材料。對種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植時間較長、優(you)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)出(chu)現退(tui)化的淮山要(yao)進行提(ti)純復壯(zhuang),保持本縣品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)抗性(xing)(xing)強、品(pin)質優(you)、產量高、適應性(xing)(xing)好(hao)的優(you)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)。
3、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過程管理:德化(hua)淮山(shan)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)高(gao)(gao)壟(long)定(ding)向(xiang)栽(zai)培,壟(long)高(gao)(gao)80-100厘米(mi)(mi),每隔10-12厘米(mi)(mi)打(da)一定(ding)向(xiang)孔(kong),直徑6-8厘米(mi)(mi),深80-100厘米(mi)(mi),中(zhong)間(jian)放入稻草等(deng)填充(chong)料(liao),使(shi)淮山(shan)塊(kuai)根能夠(gou)定(ding)向(xiang)垂直生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)以有(you)機能為主,少吃多餐、中(zhong)后期注意增施(shi)鉀肥(fei)(fei),做到施(shi)足基肥(fei)(fei),早施(shi)苗(miao)肥(fei)(fei),重施(shi)結薯肥(fei)(fei)。采(cai)收前30天(tian)停(ting)止施(shi)用(yong)(yong)肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)。病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)(fang)治上(shang)嚴格執行(xing)(xing)“中(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)民共和(he)國農(nong)業(ye)部公告第199號”和(he)“農(nong)業(ye)部、工業(ye)和(he)信息(xi)化(hua)部、環境保(bao)護部、國家工商(shang)行(xing)(xing)政管理總(zong)局(ju)(ju)、國家質量(liang)監督檢(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)疫總(zong)局(ju)(ju)第1586號公告”精神,禁止使(shi)用(yong)(yong)劇(ju)毒、高(gao)(gao)毒、高(gao)(gao)殘留農(nong)藥(yao)(yao),全(quan)面使(shi)用(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)和(he)高(gao)(gao)效低毒化(hua)學農(nong)藥(yao)(yao),按安全(quan)休藥(yao)(yao)期規定(ding)進行(xing)(xing)采(cai)收。在6-9月,用(yong)(yong)2%阿維(wei)(wei)菌素乳(ru)油1000倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)防(fang)(fang)治炭病(bing)(bing)2次,用(yong)(yong)阿維(wei)(wei)炔螨特微乳(ru)劑4000倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)防(fang)(fang)治螨類害蟲(chong)3次。10月份后,病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)少,一般不需要用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao),安全(quan)間(jian)隔期可(ke)達30天(tian)以上(shang)。
4、產品收獲(huo):德化淮山一般在11月(yue)上旬至12月(yue)下旬采收。
5、生產記(ji)錄要(yao)求:如實記(ji)錄生產投入品,特別是化(hua)肥、農(nong)藥的名稱、來源、用(yong)法、用(yong)量(liang)和使(shi)用(yong)、停用(yong)的日(ri)期;收獲日(ri)期;質(zhi)量(liang)檢測情況(kuang);銷售情況(kuang)。生產記(ji)錄應當(dang)保存兩(liang)年以上(shang)。