一.產品介紹
萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)煙(yan)臺(tai)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)屬華北型黑豬(zhu)(zhu)。主要分布(bu)在(zai)萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)全市的三山島(dao)、平(ping)里店、金城(cheng)、朱橋、驛道、郭(guo)家(jia)店、程郭(guo)、柞村(cun)、夏邱、沙(sha)河(he)、土山、虎頭(tou)崖等(deng)16處鎮(zhen)街,共987個行(xing)政村(cun)。總面積1878平(ping)方公(gong)里。現存欄萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)煙(yan)臺(tai)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)15000頭(tou),地理(li)坐標為(wei):東(dong)經119°33′-120°18′,北緯36°59′-37°28′。萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)煙(yan)臺(tai)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)體型中(zhong)(zhong)等(deng),頭(tou)長短適(shi)中(zhong)(zhong),額寬有皺褶,嘴筒粗(cu)直或(huo)微噘,耳中(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)大下(xia)垂(chui)或(huo)半下(xia)垂(chui),被毛黑色,稀疏適(shi)中(zhong)(zhong),皮(pi)色灰。背腰(yao)較平(ping)直,腹中(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)大,臀部較豐滿。體質結(jie)實,結(jie)構緊湊,四肢健壯。有效乳(ru)頭(tou)7-8對,排列整齊。成(cheng)年公(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)體重(zhong)170.0kg,體高(gao)79.1cm,體長144.0cm,胸(xiong)圍132.0cm;母豬(zhu)(zhu)體重(zhong)175.0kg,體高(gao)75.36cm,體長141.3cm,胸(xiong)圍136.03cm。萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)煙(yan)臺(tai)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)肌(ji)(ji)肉的肉色為(wei)3.25分級,大理(li)石紋3.70分級,pH6.37,失水(shui)率(lv)3.66%,滲(shen)水(shui)率(lv)0.56%,熟肉率(lv)62.96%。肌(ji)(ji)肉含水(shui)分69.18%,干物質30.82%,粗(cu)蛋白質21.9%,粗(cu)脂肪7.5%。灰分1.05%。肌(ji)(ji)纖維(wei)直徑55.34um,肌(ji)(ji)纖維(wei)密度270.94平(ping)方納(na)米。
二.自然生(sheng)態環境和人(ren)文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地(di)(di)(di)貌情況:萊(lai)州市(shi)位于(yu)膠東(dong)(dong)地(di)(di)(di)盾北隆(long)起(qi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)側,渤海(hai)(hai)灣南岸、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)半島西(xi)(xi)(xi)北部(bu)(bu)。境(jing)內(nei)地(di)(di)(di)勢東(dong)(dong)南高、西(xi)(xi)(xi)北低,分(fen)(fen)為五(wu)種主要(yao)地(di)(di)(di)貌類型。東(dong)(dong)南部(bu)(bu)的(de)郭家店(dian)、驛道、柞(zuo)村等(deng)(deng)鎮街因花崗巖山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)侵蝕(shi)破壞形(xing)成(cheng)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),變質巖地(di)(di)(di)區形(xing)成(cheng)波狀丘陵;濱海(hai)(hai)低地(di)(di)(di)主要(yao)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)于(yu)南陽河口(kou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)北及(ji)虎(hu)頭崖(ya)以(yi)(yi)(yi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)沿海(hai)(hai)地(di)(di)(di)帶,面(mian)(mian)積(ji)346.2平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里,占全(quan)市(shi)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)19%,海(hai)(hai)拔高度在(zai)10米以(yi)(yi)(yi)下,在(zai)倉(cang)上—過西(xi)(xi)(xi)、三山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)—西(xi)(xi)(xi)由間(jian)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)古瀉湖(hu)構成(cheng)的(de)低洼地(di)(di)(di),土(tu)(tu)(tu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)古海(hai)(hai)岸沙丘等(deng)(deng);洪積(ji)、沖積(ji)平(ping)原主要(yao)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)于(yu)濱海(hai)(hai)低地(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)東(dong)(dong),面(mian)(mian)積(ji)409.7平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里,占全(quan)市(shi)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)22.56%,海(hai)(hai)拔高度大致在(zai)10-50米之間(jian)。境(jing)內(nei)主要(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)自(zi)南向北有(you)(you)馬(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)、吳家大山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)、云(yun)峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo),自(zi)東(dong)(dong)向西(xi)(xi)(xi)有(you)(you)倉(cang)石山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo),大溝山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo),天(tian)齊(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo),崮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)。這些(xie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)集中,構成(cheng)了(le)天(tian)然屏(ping)障,阻擋了(le)從南而來(lai)的(de)江淮氣(qi)(qi)(qi)流,影響著萊(lai)州的(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫和降(jiang)水,形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)獨(du)有(you)(you)的(de)小氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤類型為棕(zong)壤土(tu)(tu)(tu)、褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)(tu)、砂(sha)姜黑土(tu)(tu)(tu)五(wu)類。全(quan)市(shi)除過西(xi)(xi)(xi)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、寨徐等(deng)(deng)鄉(xiang)鎮外,其他鄉(xiang)鎮皆有(you)(you)棕(zong)壤土(tu)(tu)(tu)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu),總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)128萬多畝,占總(zong)(zong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)56.84%,適宜多種動植物的(de)生長。萊(lai)州境(jing)內(nei)諸(zhu)多山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)構成(cheng)天(tian)然屏(ping)障形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)獨(du)特(te)小氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地(di)(di)(di)貌環(huan)境(jing)造就了(le)萊(lai)州煙臺黑豬的(de)固有(you)(you)品質。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情況:萊(lai)州的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)文情況比較復雜。境(jing)(jing)內(nei)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)總長(chang)(chang)(chang)313.7公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)域面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)1586平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),主要(yao)河流(liu)15條。境(jing)(jing)內(nei)較大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)河流(liu)有王河,主要(yao)發(fa)(fa)源(yuan)于(yu)招遠市塔山(shan),經(jing)三(san)元、驛(yi)道、平(ping)(ping)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)店(dian)、過(guo)西到三(san)山(shan)島村(cun)南(nan)入(ru)(ru)渤(bo)(bo)海,全(quan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)50公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)域面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)326.8平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。白(bai)沙(sha)(sha)河發(fa)(fa)源(yuan)于(yu)大(da)(da)(da)基(ji)山(shan)脖(bo)歪(wai)頂南(nan),流(liu)經(jing)東(dong)關(guan)(guan)門、小(xiao)臺頭、臨(lin)疃河、火神廟、尊村(cun)、積(ji)(ji)福,經(jing)珍珠東(dong)莊村(cun)以下2.5公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)處(chu)入(ru)(ru)渤(bo)(bo)海,流(liu)域面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)217平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。南(nan)陽河發(fa)(fa)源(yuan)于(yu)大(da)(da)(da)基(ji)山(shan)前(qian)(qian)店(dian)子村(cun)南(nan),流(liu)經(jing)前(qian)(qian)店(dian)子、后河、東(dong)洼子、毛家(jia)莊子、山(shan)嶺子、南(nan)關(guan)(guan)、陽關(guan)(guan)、河套、泗河,到海廟姜家(jia)入(ru)(ru)渤(bo)(bo)海。全(quan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)23公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)域面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)113.8平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。萊(lai)州市北臨(lin)萊(lai)州灣(wan),海岸(an)線長(chang)(chang)(chang)108公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),素有“黃金海岸(an)”之稱,近(jin)海水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)PH值在8.17—8.42之間,溶解(jie)氧(yang)在7—8.5mg/L范圍內(nei),超過(guo)一(yi)類海水(shui)(shui)標準。沿海百(bai)公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)黑松林綿延曲折,蒼翠茂盛,綠樹成蔭,是“天(tian)然氧(yang)吧”。15米等深(shen)線淺(qian)海水(shui)(shui)域面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)586萬(wan)畝,沿海灘涂面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)60.3萬(wan)畝,內(nei)潮間帶面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)15.3萬(wan)畝。自(zi)刁龍嘴向西北有一(yi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)約15公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),寬約1.5公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),水(shui)(shui)深(shen)2米的(de)(de)淺(qian)灘。淺(qian)灘以東(dong),水(shui)(shui)深(shen)灘陡(dou),地為沙(sha)(sha)質(zhi)。淺(qian)灘以西,水(shui)(shui)淺(qian)灘薄,底(di)為西沙(sha)(sha)和泥沙(sha)(sha)質(zhi)。萊(lai)州市發(fa)(fa)達的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)和廣(guang)袤的(de)(de)海域淺(qian)灘為萊(lai)州煙臺黑豬的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展奠定了水(shui)(shui)文基(ji)礎。
3、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)情(qing)況:萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)屬溫(wen)帶東(dong)亞季風大(da)陸性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou),大(da)陸度為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)61.7%。四季氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)變化(hua)明顯:春季雨水(shui)(shui)少(shao),回暖迅速;夏季氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)高(gao)、濕度大(da),雨量集中(zhong)(zhong);秋季降水(shui)(shui)減少(shao),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)涼爽;冬季北(bei)風強(qiang)盛(sheng),降水(shui)(shui)稀(xi)少(shao),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)寒(han)冷。全(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均溫(wen)度12.3—12.4℃,城區最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)達(da)12.4℃,其(qi)(qi)次西(xi)南部平(ping)(ping)原,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)12.3℃。歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)極(ji)端(duan)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)35℃左右,80%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上出(chu)(chu)現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)6、7兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),其(qi)(qi)次是8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上旬。極(ji)端(duan)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般出(chu)(chu)現(xian)于1月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),其(qi)(qi)次是12月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上旬,歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數值變化(hua)較大(da),從(cong)-8.4℃—-17℃。境內降水(shui)(shui)量歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均600毫(hao)米(mi)左右。其(qi)(qi)分布主要(yao)(yao)(yao)受天氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)影響,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量分布趨勢自(zi)東(dong)南向西(xi)北(bei)遞減。東(dong)南山(shan)區平(ping)(ping)均降水(shui)(shui)量在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)700毫(hao)米(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上,西(xi)部沿海在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)600毫(hao)米(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia),其(qi)(qi)他地區在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)600—700毫(hao)米(mi)。境內累年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)2726.0小時,以(yi)(yi)(yi)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)多為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)290小時,以(yi)(yi)(yi)12月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)少(shao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)175.2小時。全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)各月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)均百分率為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)61%,以(yi)(yi)(yi)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)66%,7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)小,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)53%。全(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)初霜(shuang)日(ri)(ri)平(ping)(ping)均為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)29日(ri)(ri),極(ji)端(duan)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)早初霜(shuang)日(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)6日(ri)(ri)(1963年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian));最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)晚11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)15日(ri)(ri)(1971年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))。平(ping)(ping)均終(zhong)霜(shuang)日(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)9日(ri)(ri),極(ji)端(duan)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)晚終(zhong)霜(shuang)日(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)1日(ri)(ri)(1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)早3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)22日(ri)(ri)(1971年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))。這(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定發(fa)(fa)展提(ti)(ti)供了(le)良(liang)(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)條件。 4、人(ren)文歷(li)史情(qing)況:萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)民(min)間(jian)素有(you)養(yang)(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)習慣,1883年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)編修出(chu)(chu)版(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)掖(ye)縣志(zhi)“物產(chan)篇”中(zhong)(zhong)就有(you)“豕(shi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記載。1936年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),全(quan)(quan)縣存養(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)2.6萬頭(tou)(tou),建國(guo)(guo)后各級(ji)政府積極(ji)鼓勵、支持養(yang)(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展,1972年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)(quan)縣生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)存養(yang)(yang)(yang)26.7萬頭(tou)(tou),有(you)17處公(gong)(gong)社18個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)大(da)隊實現(xian)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)一(yi)(yi)(yi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),1975年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增至43.5萬頭(tou)(tou)。當時村村有(you)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)場、戶(hu)(hu)戶(hu)(hu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),養(yang)(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)們生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活中(zhong)(zhong)占有(you)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)位置,是當地農(nong)民(min)收入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)補(bu)充(chong)。飼(si)(si)喂方(fang)式多采(cai)用放(fang)養(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)圈養(yang)(yang)(yang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)飼(si)(si)喂青儲飼(si)(si)料(liao)、地瓜蔓(man)、花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)秧為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,出(chu)(chu)欄前佐以(yi)(yi)(yi)花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)餅、豆餅和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)麩(fu)皮(pi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)催(cui)肥。所飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),分布于整個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)勞動人(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辛勤飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)培育(yu)(yu)下(xia),不斷選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)優(you)去(qu)劣(lie),逐漸(jian)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)出(chu)(chu)了(le)適(shi)應(ying)(ying)性(xing)強(qiang)、耐粗飼(si)(si)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)性(xing)能高(gao)、頭(tou)(tou)短嘴粗、性(xing)情(qing)溫(wen)順,適(shi)于舍(she)飼(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)良(liang)(liang)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)——萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)加強(qiang)對(dui)萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)、選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)推(tui)廣(guang)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)畜(chu)(chu)牧獸(shou)(shou)醫(yi)站(zhan)采(cai)用百分法,從(cong)全(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)546頭(tou)(tou)母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)39頭(tou)(tou)公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)評選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)出(chu)(chu)優(you)秀母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)50頭(tou)(tou),公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)8頭(tou)(tou),組(zu)成(cheng)零世(shi)(shi)代(dai)基(ji)(ji)礎群(qun)(qun),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)三(san)山(shan)島種(zhong)(zhong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)場對(dui)萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)組(zu)群(qun)(qun)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)。當時以(yi)(yi)(yi)快(kuai)長系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)高(gao)產(chan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)性(xing)狀,采(cai)取循環配(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)法,即以(yi)(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)定血(xue)統(tong)(tong),將母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)八組(zu),每個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)血(xue)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)輪流交(jiao)(jiao)配(pei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。各世(shi)(shi)代(dai)繼承(cheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)共(gong)分三(san)次進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing),第一(yi)(yi)(yi)次在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)齡斷奶(nai)時進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing),第二(er)(er)次在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)六月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)齡時進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing),公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)每個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)血(xue)統(tong)(tong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)兩(liang)頭(tou)(tou),母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)每窩留兩(liang)頭(tou)(tou);第三(san)次在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)八月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)齡配(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)前進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing),公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)每個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)血(xue)統(tong)(tong)留一(yi)(yi)(yi)頭(tou)(tou),母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)每窩留一(yi)(yi)(yi)頭(tou)(tou),保(bao)持原基(ji)(ji)礎群(qun)(qun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頭(tou)(tou)數。第一(yi)(yi)(yi)次選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)靠稱重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)目測選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)大(da)、結構良(liang)(liang)好,沒有(you)遺(yi)傳缺陷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斷奶(nai)仔豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu);第二(er)(er)、三(san)次的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)注意前后軀發(fa)(fa)育(yu)(yu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎上,采(cai)取指(zhi)數選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)法,以(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)體(ti)(ti)長兩(liang)指(zhi)標構成(cheng)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)指(zhi)數。其(qi)(qi)公(gong)(gong)式如下(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei):I=(x1+ x2)/2×100%。式中(zhong)(zhong)x1為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)體(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(kg)/群(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)體(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(kg);x2為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)體(ti)(ti)長(cm)/群(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)體(ti)(ti)長(cm)。個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze),既(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)堅持選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)標準,又(you)要(yao)(yao)(yao)照(zhao)顧血(xue)統(tong)(tong),母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)如無重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)損征,不可全(quan)(quan)窩淘汰。以(yi)(yi)(yi)防近交(jiao)(jiao)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)數急劇上升(sheng)。完(wan)成(cheng)4個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)世(shi)(shi)代(dai)后,根據養(yang)(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)發(fa)(fa)展需要(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)瘦(shou)肉豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)配(pei)套技(ji)術研究(jiu)課題(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求,1982-1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)又(you)進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)明確(que)了(le)以(yi)(yi)(yi)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)瘦(shou)肉率為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)目標繼續(xu)(xu)完(wan)成(cheng)3個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)世(shi)(shi)代(dai)、前后共(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)7個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)世(shi)(shi)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu),選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)結果各項性(xing)狀都(dou)有(you)較大(da)提(ti)(ti)高(gao),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)飼(si)(si)料(liao)報酬最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)突出(chu)(chu)。根據市(shi)(shi)(shi)場需求,70年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)后期,我市(shi)(shi)(shi)陸續(xu)(xu)引(yin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)大(da)約(yue)克、長白、杜洛克、漢普(pu)夏等國(guo)(guo)外瘦(shou)肉型(xing)(xing)公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)雜交(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)商品(pin)(pin)瘦(shou)肉型(xing)(xing)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),1982年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)先后被(bei)確(que)定為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)東(dong)省和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)瘦(shou)肉型(xing)(xing)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)(ji)地縣,推(tui)動了(le)萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定發(fa)(fa)展。1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),由(you)掖(ye)縣畜(chu)(chu)牧獸(shou)(shou)醫(yi)站(zhan)承(cheng)擔(dan),煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)畜(chu)(chu)牧獸(shou)(shou)醫(yi)站(zhan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)掖(ye)縣西(xi)由(you)鎮獸(shou)(shou)醫(yi)站(zhan)協作(zuo)(zuo)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)快(kuai)長系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、高(gao)產(chan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)》課題(ti)(ti),通過(guo)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)科(ke)(ke)委鑒定;該課題(ti)(ti)1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)獲(huo)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)步(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)等獎。1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)畜(chu)(chu)牧獸(shou)(shou)醫(yi)站(zhan)承(cheng)擔(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)營養(yang)(yang)(yang)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)研究(jiu)》課題(ti)(ti)獲(huo)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)步(bu)二(er)(er)等獎。1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)畜(chu)(chu)牧獸(shou)(shou)醫(yi)站(zhan)承(cheng)擔(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)瘦(shou)肉型(xing)(xing)品(pin)(pin)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)研究(jiu)》課題(ti)(ti)通過(guo)省科(ke)(ke)委鑒定。自(zi)90年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后,開始了(le)以(yi)(yi)(yi)萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)本,長白豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)父本、斯(si)格豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第二(er)(er)父本,通過(guo)雜交(jiao)(jiao)、橫交(jiao)(jiao)固定、世(shi)(shi)代(dai)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou)段進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)新(xin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)培育(yu)(yu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。“九五”以(yi)(yi)(yi)來,萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)先后被(bei)列入(ru)《山(shan)東(dong)省三(san)O工(gong)程、《山(shan)東(dong)省農(nong)業良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)程》重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)專項,進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)更加系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)與(yu)利用,歷(li)經十余年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),培育(yu)(yu)出(chu)(chu)了(le)新(xin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)——魯(lu)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)白豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)通過(guo)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)畜(chu)(chu)禽遺(yi)傳資(zi)源委員會審定。并相繼于2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)度和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)度獲(huo)得山(shan)東(dong)省科(ke)(ke)技(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)步(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)等獎和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)步(bu)二(er)(er)等獎。獲(huo)獎項目為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei):“魯(lu)農(nong)Ⅰ號豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)配(pei)套系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、魯(lu)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)白豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)新(xin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)培育(yu)(yu)與(yu)應(ying)(ying)用”。2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)26日(ri)(ri)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)列入(ru)山(shan)東(dong)省畜(chu)(chu)禽遺(yi)傳資(zi)源保(bao)護名錄。
三.地域范圍
萊(lai)州煙臺黑(hei)豬(zhu)屬(shu)華(hua)北(bei)型黑(hei)豬(zhu)。主(zhu)要分布在(zai)萊(lai)州全市的三山(shan)島、平里(li)店(dian)、金城、朱(zhu)橋、驛(yi)道、郭(guo)家店(dian)、程郭(guo)、柞村、夏邱、沙河、土山(shan)、虎頭(tou)(tou)崖等16處鎮街,共(gong)987個行政(zheng)村。總(zong)面積1878平方公里(li)。現存欄萊(lai)州煙臺黑(hei)豬(zhu)15000頭(tou)(tou),地(di)理坐標(biao)為:東經119°33′-120°18′,北(bei)緯(wei)36°59′-37°28′。
四(si).產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征
1、外在(zai)感官特征(zheng):萊州煙臺黑豬體(ti)型中(zhong)等(deng),頭長(chang)短適(shi)中(zhong),額寬有皺褶,嘴筒粗直(zhi)或微噘,耳中(zhong)等(deng)大下垂或半下垂,被毛黑色,稀疏適(shi)中(zhong),皮色灰。背腰(yao)較平直(zhi),腹(fu)中(zhong)等(deng)大,臀(tun)部較豐(feng)滿(man)。體(ti)質結實,結構緊湊(cou),四肢健(jian)壯。有效(xiao)乳(ru)頭7-8對,排列(lie)整齊。成(cheng)年(nian)公豬體(ti)重170.0kg,體(ti)高79.1cm,體(ti)長(chang)144.0cm,胸圍132.0cm;母(mu)豬體(ti)重175.0kg,體(ti)高75.36cm,體(ti)長(chang)141.3cm,胸圍136.03cm。
2、內在品(pin)質要求:萊(lai)州煙臺黑豬(zhu)豬(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)彈(dan)性大、質地細嫩有韌性,有嚼勁(jing),肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)和脂肪沉積較好,肉(rou)(rou)(rou)皮(pi)厚實,肥肉(rou)(rou)(rou)香(xiang)(xiang)而不(bu)膩,味(wei)道鮮美(mei),有自然肉(rou)(rou)(rou)香(xiang)(xiang)味(wei)。豬(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)肥肉(rou)(rou)(rou)較厚,肥肉(rou)(rou)(rou)潔(jie)白(bai)(bai)溫潤(run),瘦肉(rou)(rou)(rou)紋理清晰,色澤(ze)紅潤(run)豬(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)不(bu)滲(shen)水(shui)或很少滲(shen)水(shui),吸水(shui)力強(qiang)。脂肪熔點(dian)高(gao),豬(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)清水(shui)煮時,水(shui)清,烹飪時,油基本不(bu)粘鍋。皮(pi)厚,骨硬,骨髓熬制(zhi)的(de)骨頭湯色澤(ze)潔(jie)白(bai)(bai),湯味(wei)濃郁(yu)鮮美(mei),含有的(de)膠原(yuan)蛋(dan)白(bai)(bai)能增強(qiang)人體造血細胞的(de)造血能力。萊(lai)州煙臺黑豬(zhu)肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)的(de)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)色為3.25分(fen)(fen)級,大理石紋3.70分(fen)(fen)級,pH6.37,失(shi)水(shui)率3.66%,滲(shen)水(shui)率0.56%,熟肉(rou)(rou)(rou)率62.96%。肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)含水(shui)分(fen)(fen)69.18%,干物質30.82%,粗(cu)蛋(dan)白(bai)(bai)質21.9%,粗(cu)脂肪7.5%。灰分(fen)(fen)1.05%。肌(ji)纖(xian)維直徑55.34um,肌(ji)纖(xian)維密度270.94平(ping)方毫米。
3、安全要求:萊州煙臺黑豬生(sheng)產嚴格(ge)按《NY5032-2006無公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品畜禽(qin)飼(si)料(liao)和飼(si)料(liao)添(tian)加(jia)劑使(shi)用準則(ze)(ze)》、《NY5030-2006無公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品畜禽(qin)飼(si)養(yang)獸(shou)藥使(shi)用準則(ze)(ze)》執行。
五.特定生產(chan)方式
1、產地(di)選擇與(yu)特殊(shu)內容規定:萊(lai)州煙(yan)臺(tai)黑豬(zhu)生活在(zai)萊(lai)州遼闊的(de)(de)縣域。萊(lai)州北臨渤海,南有(you)山嵐丘(qiu)陵,空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)清新(xin),環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)無污染。經監測,大(da)(da)(da)氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)二氧(yang)(yang)化硫、二氧(yang)(yang)化氮(dan)含量(liang)(liang)較低,大(da)(da)(da)氣(qi)(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)優于(yu)國家(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)氣(qi)(qi)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)二級標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。其中(zhong),二氧(yang)(yang)化硫年日均(jun)值為(wei)(wei)0.030mg/立方米,達到國家(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)氣(qi)(qi)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)二級標(biao)(biao)準(zhun);二氧(yang)(yang)化氮(dan)年日均(jun)值為(wei)(wei)0.016mg/立方米,優于(yu)國家(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)氣(qi)(qi)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)一級標(biao)(biao)準(zhun),境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)內工礦(kuang)企(qi)業(ye)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)均(jun)符(fu)(fu)(fu)合國家(jia)(jia)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)要求。萊(lai)州豐(feng)富有(you)益的(de)(de)地(di)下巖層(ceng)(ceng)、較高(gao)的(de)(de)植(zhi)被覆蓋率使地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)不利健康的(de)(de)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)得到天(tian)然(ran)的(de)(de)過濾(lv)清洗,經過砂粒層(ceng)(ceng)、巖層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)涵養,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)總硬度(du)為(wei)(wei)188mg/L;PH值保(bao)持在(zai)6.9—8.3之間,屬微(wei)(wei)堿性,接近動物(wu)血液PH值。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)鋅、硒、鎂(mei)、鐵等微(wei)(wei)量(liang)(liang)元素含量(liang)(liang)高(gao),吸(xi)收后(hou),具有(you)良好的(de)(de)防(fang)病(bing)抗病(bing)功能(neng)。萊(lai)州土(tu)壤質(zhi)(zhi)地(di)適中(zhong),富含錳(meng)、鋅、硼等多(duo)種微(wei)(wei)量(liang)(liang)營養元素,分別達到34.74mg/kg、1.93mg/kg、0.51mg/kg。通過食(shi)(shi)物(wu)鏈獲(huo)取土(tu)壤中(zhong)這些微(wei)(wei)量(liang)(liang)元素,能(neng)有(you)效提高(gao)機體免疫力。境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)內飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、大(da)(da)(da)氣(qi)(qi)、土(tu)壤均(jun)符(fu)(fu)(fu)合國家(jia)(jia)有(you)關標(biao)(biao)準(zhun);產品(pin)產地(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)符(fu)(fu)(fu)合《畜禽(qin)場環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)NY/T388》;環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)符(fu)(fu)(fu)合《綠色(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)產地(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)技術條(tiao)件》NT/T391-2000規定的(de)(de)《環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)》和《綠色(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)產地(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)導(dao)則》中(zhong)的(de)(de)要求;土(tu)壤環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)符(fu)(fu)(fu)合《綠色(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)產地(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)技術條(tiao)件》NT/T391-2000規定的(de)(de)《土(tu)壤空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)》和《綠色(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)產地(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)導(dao)則》中(zhong)的(de)(de)要求。
2、品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze)與(yu)特(te)定要求(qiu):萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市歷來十分重視對(dui)萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)臺(tai)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)的(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)育(yu)(yu)(yu)。從1978年春(chun),萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市畜牧獸醫(yi)站承擔(dan)了原(yuan)煙(yan)臺(tai)地區科委下達的(de)萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)臺(tai)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)快長系和(he)高(gao)產(chan)系的(de)選(xuan)育(yu)(yu)(yu)工作。在全(quan)縣范圍內遴選(xuan)煙(yan)臺(tai)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)優良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豬(zhu)(zhu)組(zu)群,選(xuan)育(yu)(yu)(yu)采取閉鎖繁(fan)育(yu)(yu)(yu)、循環配種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、頭胎留種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)方法進行(xing),前后歷時10年共進行(xing)了7個世代的(de)選(xuan)育(yu)(yu)(yu),通過選(xuan)育(yu)(yu)(yu)各項性(xing)(xing)狀都有較(jiao)大提高(gao),其(qi)性(xing)(xing)成熟早(zao),繁(fan)殖(zhi)力(li)高(gao),抗病力(li)強(qiang),適應性(xing)(xing)強(qiang)等特(te)點更(geng)加(jia)明顯,尤其(qi)以(yi)飼料報酬最為(wei)突出。自2009年起(qi)萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市煙(yan)臺(tai)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場開始承擔(dan)萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)臺(tai)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)保種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)擴(kuo)群任務,養殖(zhi)規模逐漸擴(kuo)大,養殖(zhi)戶數(shu)量(liang)也逐年體高(gao),經濟效益、市場銷(xiao)售前景(jing)廣闊。
3、生產過程(cheng)管理(li)(li)(li),包括農業(ye)投入品方(fang)(fang)面的(de)特殊使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao):隨著(zhu)養(yang)殖場集(ji)約化(hua)、規(gui)模化(hua)進(jin)程(cheng)的(de)加快,萊州(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)臺(tai)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)已由傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)以放牧、舍(she)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)為主轉變為舍(she)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si),已很少投放飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)草(cao)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)喂。飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)主要根據(ju)生長(chang)階段(duan)的(de)不(bu)同,自(zi)己(ji)按(an)(an)配方(fang)(fang)要求(qiu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)配比,通常是濃縮飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)配以玉米、麩皮等(deng)(deng),濃縮飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)是由添(tian)加劑預(yu)混(hun)料(liao)(liao)、常量礦物質(zhi)(zhi)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)和(he)(he)蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)按(an)(an)一定(ding)(ding)(ding)比例混(hun)合而成的(de)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)。飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)量符合NY5032-2006。飲水:山泉水、河水、井水或自(zi)來水,水質(zhi)(zhi)符合NY5027的(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。疫苗(miao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong):按(an)(an)免(mian)(mian)疫程(cheng)序嚴格進(jin)行(xing)(xing)免(mian)(mian)疫,萊州(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)臺(tai)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)的(de)免(mian)(mian)疫符合NY5149的(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding);防(fang)(fang)疫器械在(zai)免(mian)(mian)疫前(qian)后均(jun)徹(che)底(di)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)。獸藥(yao)(yao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong):預(yu)防(fang)(fang)和(he)(he)治(zhi)療用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)時,符合NY5030-2006的(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。后期(qi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)物治(zhi)療時,應(ying)根據(ju)所用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)物執行(xing)(xing)休藥(yao)(yao)期(qi)。在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)物治(zhi)療發生疾病(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)萊州(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)臺(tai)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)時,在(zai)治(zhi)療期(qi)或達不(bu)到休藥(yao)(yao)期(qi)的(de)不(bu)作為食用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)豬(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)出(chu)售。驅蟲、藥(yao)(yao)浴管理(li)(li)(li):選(xuan)擇高效、安(an)全(quan)的(de)抗(kang)寄生蟲藥(yao)(yao),定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)對(dui)萊州(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)臺(tai)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)驅蟲、藥(yao)(yao)浴。滅鼠、滅蚊蠅:定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)點投入滅鼠藥(yao)(yao),及(ji)時收集(ji)死鼠及(ji)殘余(yu)鼠藥(yao)(yao),并做深埋處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)。消(xiao)(xiao)除水坑等(deng)(deng)蚊蠅孽生地(di),定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)噴灑消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)藥(yao)(yao)。衛生消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du):選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)劑符合NY5148的(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。豬(zhu)(zhu)舍(she)周圍環(huan)境定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)2%火堿或生石灰(hui)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)。每(mei)批豬(zhu)(zhu)出(chu)欄后,均(jun)徹(che)底(di)清掃豬(zhu)(zhu)舍(she),采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)噴霧、火焰(yan)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)對(dui)分娩(mian)欄、補料(liao)(liao)槽等(deng)(deng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)具進(jin)行(xing)(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)帶豬(zhu)(zhu)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du),減少環(huan)境中的(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)原(yuan)微生物。疫病(bing)(bing)(bing)監(jian)測:畜牧獸醫部門(men)依照《動物防(fang)(fang)疫法》制定(ding)(ding)(ding)監(jian)測方(fang)(fang)案,并組織實施。病(bing)(bing)(bing)死豬(zhu)(zhu)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li):對(dui)可疑病(bing)(bing)(bing)豬(zhu)(zhu)隔(ge)離觀察、確(que)診。對(dui)有使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)價(jia)值的(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)豬(zhu)(zhu)應(ying)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)隔(ge)離、治(zhi)療,徹(che)底(di)治(zhi)愈后,才能歸群。因傳(chuan)染病(bing)(bing)(bing)和(he)(he)其(qi)他需要處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)豬(zhu)(zhu),應(ying)在(zai)指定(ding)(ding)(ding)地(di)點撲殺,尸體按(an)(an)照GB16548進(jin)行(xing)(xing)無害化(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)。豬(zhu)(zhu)場不(bu)得出(chu)售病(bing)(bing)(bing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)豬(zhu)(zhu)、死豬(zhu)(zhu)。
4、生產(chan)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)錄:做好(hao)生產(chan)全過(guo)程的記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)錄,包括:豬只標(biao)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和譜系的育種記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)錄;發情、配種、妊娠、產(chan)仔的繁育記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)錄;主(zhu)要生產(chan)性能及銷(xiao)售記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)錄;飼料、獸(shou)藥的購銷(xiao)、使(shi)用記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)錄;免疫、消毒記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)錄;死淘記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)錄和無害化(hua)處理記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)錄等。記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)錄完整、真實,所有記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)錄應保(bao)(bao)存兩年以上,重大事件記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)錄永久保(bao)(bao)存。
六.包裝標(biao)識相關規定
本部分(fen)內容主要包括登記產(chan)品的分(fen)級、包裝、標識、貯藏、運輸等內容。 1、分(fen)級:萊州煙臺(tai)黑豬鮮、凍胴體(ti)分(fen)為(wei)一級、二級和三級。
2、包裝:包裝材(cai)料應符合GB11680和GB9687的規(gui)定,包裝物使用(yong)無毒油墨印刷。標志使用(yong)人在其(qi)產(chan)(chan)品或(huo)包裝上統一使用(yong)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品地(di)理(li)標志(“萊州煙臺黑豬(zhu)”名稱(cheng)和公共標識圖(tu)案組合標注形式)。內外包裝應分別(bie)存放,不得受污(wu)染。
3、標識:在每片萊州煙(yan)臺黑豬胴體上加蓋檢(jian)驗驗訖印章和等(deng)級(ji)印戳(chuo),字跡清(qing)晰,印色用食品(pin)(pin)級(ji)色素配(pei)制。銷售和運輸包裝物應標注“萊州煙(yan)臺黑豬”標志,并標明產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名(ming)稱、數量(liang)、產(chan)(chan)地、包裝日期、生產(chan)(chan)單位、保質期、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)、執行標準代號等(deng)級(ji)等(deng)內容。不符合本(ben)標準的產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin),其產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名(ming)稱不得使用含(han)有(you)“萊州煙(yan)臺黑豬”(包括連(lian)續或(huo)斷開)的名(ming)稱。
4、貯存:冷卻豬(zhu)肉吊掛(gua)在相(xiang)對濕(shi)度75-84%、溫(wen)度0-1℃的冷卻間,胴(dong)體之間的距(ju)離(li)保持3-5cm。冷凍豬(zhu)肉應吊掛(gua)在相(xiang)對濕(shi)度95-100%、溫(wen)度-18℃的冷藏(zang)間。
5、運(yun)輸:公(gong)路、水(shui)路運(yun)輸使用符(fu)合衛生要求的冷(leng)藏車(船)或(huo)保溫車,鐵路運(yun)輸按國家有關規定執行(xing)。