文成(cheng)楊(yang)梅(mei)(mei)產自(zi)浙(zhe)江省溫(wen)州市文成(cheng)縣(xian),溫(wen)州是浙(zhe)江省楊(yang)梅(mei)(mei)三大主產區之(zhi)一,全市的(de)楊(yang)梅(mei)(mei)種(zhong)植面積有32萬畝,主要種(zhong)植的(de)品種(zhong)有丁岙梅(mei)(mei)、荸(bi)薺梅(mei)(mei)(黑(hei)炭梅(mei)(mei))、東魁梅(mei)(mei)。文成(cheng)楊(yang)梅(mei)(mei)的(de)果形(xing)端正(zheng)呈近圓(yuan)形(xing),色(se)澤深紅色(se)至紫黑(hei)色(se),肉(rou)柱飽(bao)滿,肉(rou)質柔軟,細(xi)嫩多(duo)汁,酸甜適口,風味濃郁(yu)。
文(wen)成(cheng)(cheng)楊(yang)(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)以其(qi)獨特的優良品(pin)質(zhi),通(tong)過(guo)各類認證、評(ping)(ping)比(bi)(bi)、展(zhan)示、展(zhan)銷(xiao),獲得了一(yi)系列(lie)的榮譽稱(cheng)(cheng)號(hao)。2016年,“文(wen)成(cheng)(cheng)楊(yang)(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)”成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)申報國家地理(li)標(biao)志證明商標(biao);2017年,“文(wen)成(cheng)(cheng)楊(yang)(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)”獲評(ping)(ping)浙江(jiang)省“十佳楊(yang)(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)”稱(cheng)(cheng)號(hao);2018年,“文(wen)成(cheng)(cheng)楊(yang)(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)”分(fen)別(bie)被評(ping)(ping)為浙江(jiang)省區(qu)域名牌產品(pin)和區(qu)域名牌農產品(pin),在溫(wen)州市(shi)楊(yang)(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)評(ping)(ping)比(bi)(bi)中有5個(ge)樣品(pin)獲溫(wen)州市(shi)“最美楊(yang)(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)”稱(cheng)(cheng)號(hao),1個(ge)樣品(pin)獲“最甜(tian)楊(yang)(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)”稱(cheng)(cheng)號(hao)。
文成(cheng)(cheng)楊(yang)梅農產(chan)(chan)品地(di)(di)理標志地(di)(di)域保(bao)護范圍(wei)為(wei):地(di)(di)理坐標東(dong)經(jing)119゜34’~120゜15’,北緯27゜34’~27゜59’之間。生產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)域范圍(wei)為(wei):浙江省溫州(zhou)市文成(cheng)(cheng)縣所(suo)屬(shu)的(de)大峃鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、珊(shan)溪(xi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、玉壺(hu)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、南(nan)田(tian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、黃坦鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、西坑畬(yu)族(zu)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、百丈漈鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、峃口鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、巨(ju)嶼鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、周壤(rang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、二源鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、銅鈴山(shan)(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、周山(shan)(shan)畬(yu)族(zu)鄉、雙桂鄉、平和鄉、公陽鄉、桂山(shan)(shan)鄉,共計17個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)243個(ge)行(xing)政村(cun)。文成(cheng)(cheng)現有楊(yang)梅種植面(mian)(mian)積(ji)4040公頃(qing),年產(chan)(chan)量2.1萬噸(dun),保(bao)護區面(mian)(mian)積(ji)1296平方千米。
1、外(wai)在(zai)感官特(te)征:果形端正呈近(jin)圓(yuan)形,色澤深紅色至紫黑色,肉(rou)柱(zhu)飽滿,肉(rou)質柔軟,細嫩多汁,酸甜適口(kou),風味濃郁。
2、內在品(pin)質(zhi)指標:可溶性(xing)固形(xing)物%≥10.5%;總酸≤10g/kg;維生素C≥13.5mg/100g。
3、質量(liang)安(an)全規(gui)定:質量(liang)安(an)全應符合國(guo)家相(xiang)關標準(zhun)規(gui)定要求。
文成縣位于浙江(jiang)省南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)山(shan)(shan)區,飛云江(jiang)中(zhong)上(shang)(shang)游,全境(jing)以山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)、丘陵(ling)為(wei)主,山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)占全縣總面積的82.5%,素(su)有"八山(shan)(shan)一(yi)水一(yi)分(fen)田(tian)"之稱。境(jing)內海拔(ba)高差懸殊,海拔(ba)千(qian)米(mi)以上(shang)(shang)山(shan)(shan)峰178座,最(zui)高為(wei)西(xi)北(bei)部(bu)的石垟林場楊頂崗,海拔(ba)1362米(mi),最(zui)低為(wei)平和鄉大(da)垟口(kou),海拔(ba)15米(mi)。山(shan)(shan)脈分(fen)屬兩(liang)支,江(jiang)北(bei)屬南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)田(tian)山(shan)(shan)脈,為(wei)洞宮(gong)山(shan)(shan)脈分(fen)支;江(jiang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)為(wei)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)雁蕩(dang)山(shan)(shan)脈分(fen)支。地(di)(di)勢自西(xi)北(bei)向東南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)傾斜(xie),山(shan)(shan)頂上(shang)(shang)多平臺(tai)(tai),南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)田(tian)平臺(tai)(tai)與(yu)桂山(shan)(shan)平臺(tai)(tai)隔江(jiang)相望,是文成縣山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)的典型地(di)(di)貌。飛云江(jiang)自西(xi)向東穿流而過(guo),其主要支流有泗溪(xi)(xi)、玉泉(quan)溪(xi)(xi)、峃作口(kou)溪(xi)(xi)等,干(gan)流在文成縣境(jing)流域(yu)面積1123.5平方千(qian)米(mi),境(jing)內全長43.5千(qian)米(mi),自然落差115米(mi)。
屬亞熱帶(dai)海洋(yang)季風氣候(hou),四(si)季分(fen)明,雨(yu)量(liang)充沛。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)18.3℃,最熱月份7月,平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)28.3℃;最冷月份1月,平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)8.2℃;極端低(di)溫(wen)-5.9℃。常年(nian)(nian)無(wu)霜期285天(tian),年(nian)(nian)降雨(yu)量(liang)1797.7毫米,日照(zhao)1723.3小時,屬楊(yang)梅(mei)生長最適宜區。垂直(zhi)梯(ti)度氣候(hou)差異大,部分(fen)高山(shan)(shan)從山(shan)(shan)腳到山(shan)(shan)頂跨越(yue)了(le)多個(ge)氣候(hou)帶(dai),具有典型的山(shan)(shan)地立體氣候(hou)特點,低(di)海拔(ba)地區(0-400米)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)16.2-18.1℃;中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)地區(400-800米)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)14.1-16.2℃;高山(shan)(shan)地區(800-1000米)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)13.1-13.8℃,為(wei)(wei)文(wen)成楊(yang)梅(mei)梯(ti)度開發、延長鮮果供(gong)應期提供(gong)了(le)得天(tian)獨厚的自(zi)然生長條件。
文成縣(xian)(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)共(gong)分(fen)紅壤(rang)(rang)、黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang)、水稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)、紫色土(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)等5大(da)土(tu)(tu)(tu)類。其中(zhong)紅壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)面積(ji)最大(da),占全縣(xian)(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)總面積(ji)的(de)(de)39.55%,主(zhu)要分(fen)布在海拔(ba)600 m以下的(de)(de)中(zhong)東部;其次是黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu),占全縣(xian)(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)總面積(ji)的(de)(de)37.57%,主(zhu)要分(fen)布在海拔(ba)600—800 m以上的(de)(de)西北(bei)部與南部的(de)(de)低山地區。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)風化(hua)強烈(lie),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)多呈酸性,大(da)部分(fen)pH值4.5-6.5之間,適宜楊梅生(sheng)長(chang)。
文成縣(xian)為國家級生(sheng)態示范(fan)縣(xian),生(sheng)態環境(jing)良(liang)(liang)(liang)好,水質優良(liang)(liang)(liang),森林覆蓋(gai)率72.31%,空氣質量(liang)優良(liang)(liang)(liang)率達99.4%,地(di)表(biao)水水質達標率100%,文瑞出境(jing)斷面水質為一類水,符合農業部綠色食(shi)品產地(di)環境(jing)質量(liang)標準要求。
選擇生態環境(jing)良(liang)好(hao)、遠離污染源、坡度(du)小于30°、海拔700m以(yi)下的(de)緩坡地、山地建園。要求日照充(chong)足,雨量(liang)充(chong)沛,排(pai)水良(liang)好(hao),微酸、含石礫的(de)砂(sha)質土壤,年平均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)14℃以(yi)上(shang),絕對最低(di)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)不低(di)于-9℃,≥10℃的(de)年積溫(wen)(wen)4500℃以(yi)上(shang)。
東魁楊梅。
文成楊梅按照特定的生產(chan)和(he)技(ji)術要求,必須對苗木(mu)質量、栽培技(ji)術、采收分級、貯藏(zang)保鮮(xian)等環(huan)節進行(xing)全(quan)程控制。
1、苗木質量
以一年生嫁接苗(miao)為(wei)宜,干粗、苗(miao)木(mu)高(gao)度(du)及規(gui)定高(gao)度(du)內的(de)分(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)數作依據(ju),分(fen)(fen)為(wei)一級(ji)(ji)、二級(ji)(ji)。低于二級(ji)(ji)標準的(de)苗(miao)木(mu)不得作為(wei)商品(pin)苗(miao)出圃。詳見(jian)下(xia)表。表1苗(miao)木(mu)分(fen)(fen)級(ji)(ji)級(ji)(ji)別干粗(cm)苗(miao)高(gao)(cm)在規(gui)定高(gao)度(du)內分(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)數(個)根系(xi)檢(jian)疫性病(bing)蟲害一級(ji)(ji)≥0.60≥40≥3發達無(wu)二級(ji)(ji)≥0.50≥30≥2較發達
2、栽培管理
苗木定植:分春植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和秋(qiu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。春植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于2月下旬(xun)至(zhi)3月中旬(xun),秋(qiu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為10月上旬(xun)至(zhi)11月上旬(xun),以(yi)春植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為宜。選(xuan)擇無風陰天栽植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),定植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密度根據園塊立(li)地(di)條件和管理(li)水平,株行距5m*6m或6m*6m,每畝栽植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)18株-22株。
土肥管理:幼齡樹(shu)(shu)以“促”為主,每(mei)年(nian)追肥(fei)(fei)4-5次(ci),薄(bo)肥(fei)(fei)勤施(shi),施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)量(liang)隨著樹(shu)(shu)冠擴大逐年(nian)增多,初(chu)期(qi)為氮肥(fei)(fei)為主,樹(shu)(shu)齡增大后配肥(fei)(fei)磷(lin)(lin)鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei);成年(nian)樹(shu)(shu)促控(kong)結(jie)合(he),看樹(shu)(shu)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei),以培養中(zhong)庸樹(shu)(shu)勢,促進(jin)結(jie)果、提高品質,一(yi)般年(nian)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)2-3次(ci),實行(xing)適氮控(kong)磷(lin)(lin)增鉀(jia)(jia)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei),氮:磷(lin)(lin):鉀(jia)(jia)的(de)配比以1:0.3:4為宜。1)壯果肥(fei)(fei):4月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬-5月(yue)(yue)初(chu),株施(shi)硫酸鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)1kg左(zuo)右,同時注意噴施(shi)硼、鋅、鉬等微量(liang)元素(su);2)采(cai)后肥(fei)(fei):6月(yue)(yue)底(di)-7月(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬,株施(shi)硫酸鉀(jia)(jia)復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)0.5-1kg,加生物(wu)有機肥(fei)(fei)10公斤,樹(shu)(shu)勢強(qiang)結(jie)果少(shao)的(de)可少(shao)施(shi)或不施(shi);3)基肥(fei)(fei):10月(yue)(yue)底(di)-11月(yue)(yue),株施(shi)生物(wu)有機肥(fei)(fei)10-15公斤。采(cai)用自然(ran)生草(cao)法,每(mei)年(nian)在采(cai)收前(qian)及伏旱前(qian)刈割2次(ci)進(jin)行(xing)樹(shu)(shu)盤覆蓋(gai)。每(mei)3-4年(nian)于(yu)秋冬季進(jin)行(xing)深翻一(yi)次(ci),以改良土壤(rang)理化性狀。
整形修剪:①幼樹(shu)整形:采用自然開心形。定干(gan)高度20-30cm,主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)3-5個(ge),主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與主(zhu)干(gan)的(de)角(jiao)度45o以(yi)上。主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上配備不(bu)同方(fang)(fang)位的(de)副主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)3-4個(ge),副主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上培(pei)養(yang)結(jie)果枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)。采用抹芽、摘(zhai)心、拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、短截、疏枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)方(fang)(fang)法,使枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)疏密適中(zhong),分(fen)布有序,形成良好的(de)豐產(chan)穩(wen)產(chan)樹(shu)體結(jie)構(gou)。②結(jie)果樹(shu)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian):適當疏刪過密枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、直立枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、交(jiao)叉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、病蟲枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),逐年(nian)(nian)鋸(ju)除中(zhong)心直立大(da)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使樹(shu)冠開張,枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)生長健壯,通風(feng)透(tou)光良好,防止樹(shu)冠內和(he)株間(jian)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)交(jiao)叉,通過枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)控(kong)制保(bao)持樹(shu)體生長與結(jie)果相對平衡。樹(shu)體高度控(kong)制在3 m以(yi)下,鋸(ju)口(kou)(kou)和(he)剪(jian)(jian)口(kou)(kou)宜(yi)平整,鋸(ju)口(kou)(kou)應涂保(bao)護(hu)劑。③衰(shuai)老(lao)期修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian):逐年(nian)(nian)對主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或副主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適當回縮(suo),更新結(jie)果枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu),恢復樹(shu)勢(shi),延長結(jie)果年(nian)(nian)限。④修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)時(shi)間(jian):休眠期修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)時(shi)間(jian)主(zhu)要在11月(yue)(yue)-翌年(nian)(nian)2月(yue)(yue),冷(leng)空(kong)氣來臨前后(hou)不(bu)宜(yi)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian);生長期修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)時(shi)間(jian)4-7月(yue)(yue),采后(hou)大(da)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)要求(qiu)在7月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)、下旬(xun)前完成。
花果管理:春季(ji)萌芽(ya)前對多花樹進(jin)行適(shi)度修(xiu)剪,疏(shu)除(chu)過密、過弱的花枝(zhi),以(yi)促發抽(chou)生(sheng)春梢(shao),確保適(shi)量掛果(guo)(guo);少花樹則在(zai)開花前后(hou)噴硼、磷(lin)、鉀混合液保花保果(guo)(guo),并疏(shu)除(chu)樹冠(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)上部(bu)部(bu)分春梢(shao)保果(guo)(guo)。疏(shu)果(guo)(guo)在(zai)果(guo)(guo)實生(sheng)理落果(guo)(guo)結束后(hou)至果(guo)(guo)實迅速膨(peng)大(da)期(qi)前進(jin)行,一般分2-3次。疏(shu)除(chu)病蟲果(guo)(guo)、畸形果(guo)(guo)、小果(guo)(guo),長結果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)留(liu)3-4果(guo)(guo),中(zhong)(zhong)果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)留(liu)2-3果(guo)(guo),短果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)留(liu)1果(guo)(guo)。
病蟲害綜合防控:按照“預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為主(zhu)(zhu),綜(zong)合防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的總方針,以(yi)農(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為基礎,根據病蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)發生(sheng)(sheng)規律(lv),因(yin)時、因(yin)地制宜,綜(zong)合運用(yong)(yong)農(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、物(wu)理防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),盡(jin)量減少(shao)化學防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安全、經濟、有(you)效(xiao)地控制病蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。①農(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):加(jia)強栽培(pei)管(guan)理,培(pei)養健(jian)壯(zhuang)樹(shu)(shu)勢;清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)果(guo)(guo)園,及(ji)時清(qing)(qing)除枯枝、落葉、病果(guo)(guo),減少(shao)病蟲(chong)(chong)源;合理修剪,改(gai)善樹(shu)(shu)體通風透光條件,創(chuang)造良好的楊(yang)梅生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)環(huan)境(jing)。②物(wu)理防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):采用(yong)(yong)殺蟲(chong)(chong)燈、色板、性(xing)誘劑(ji)等誘殺害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong);人工捕(bu)殺尺蠖、蓑蛾類(lei)幼蟲(chong)(chong)、卵(luan)塊和蟲(chong)(chong)繭;采用(yong)(yong)避雨栽培(pei)加(jia)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)蟲(chong)(chong)網防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)楊(yang)梅腐(fu)爛落果(guo)(guo)和果(guo)(guo)蠅。③生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):保護利用(yong)(yong)天敵(di),發揮生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作用(yong)(yong),用(yong)(yong)有(you)益生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)消(xiao)滅(mie)有(you)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu),擴大(da)以(yi)蟲(chong)(chong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong),以(yi)菌(jun)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)的應用(yong)(yong)范圍(wei),以(yi)維持(chi)自然界生(sheng)(sheng)態平衡。④科學用(yong)(yong)藥:在11月(yue)中(zhong)旬-翌年2月(yue),用(yong)(yong)3波美度石硫合劑(ji)進行冬季(ji)清(qing)(qing)園,減少(shao)病蟲(chong)(chong)基數。根據主(zhu)(zhu)要病蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的發生(sheng)(sheng)情況,適期(qi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),選用(yong)(yong)《浙江省楊(yang)梅主(zhu)(zhu)要病蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)藥建(jian)議(yi)》的推薦農(nong)藥,嚴格執行農(nong)藥安全間(jian)隔期(qi)。
1、采(cai)收(shou):分批采(cai)收(shou)成(cheng)熟果(guo)(guo),具(ju)有(you)(you)該(gai)品種(zhong)充(chong)分成(cheng)熟時所特有(you)(you)色澤(ze),不(bu)采(cai)未熟果(guo)(guo)。采(cai)摘(zhai)時間以清晨(chen)或傍晚為主(zhu),采(cai)收(shou)人員剪平(ping)指甲,以免刺傷(shang)果(guo)(guo)實,輕(qing)采(cai)輕(qing)放,避免果(guo)(guo)實壓傷(shang)。
2、分級:果(guo)實采(cai)收后應及時(shi)(shi)運(yun)回(hui)分級場地,過程中盡量減少震動,由專(zhuan)人(ren)進行篩選分級和(he)包(bao)裝,分級人(ren)員應配戴一次性手套。果(guo)實具有(you)該品種成熟時(shi)(shi)色澤和(he)形狀,肉柱豐滿,著色良好,果(guo)面應清潔,無外物污(wu)染,無異(yi)味,無腐爛(lan)。