銅鼓(gu)黃(huang)精保護區域地處(chu)羅霄(xiao)山脈北端東(dong)部(bu),屬于中(zhong)亞熱帶北部(bu)濕(shi)潤氣(qi)(qi)候,地勢(shi)由西南(nan)向東(dong)北傾斜(xie),境內山丘連(lian)綿起伏,森林覆(fu)蓋率87.4%,負氧離子(zi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)達7萬個/cm3;土壤為紅壤、山地黃(huang)壤、山地黃(huang)棕壤和(he)山地草甸土,土層(ceng)深厚,養分(fen)豐(feng)富,滲透性良好,土壤有機質含(han)量(liang)(liang)2.85%~12.52%,PH值4.9~6.5;境內水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)豐(feng)富,雨量(liang)(liang)充沛,氣(qi)(qi)候溫潤,冬無嚴(yan)寒,夏少酷暑,四季分(fen)明,光(guang)照充足(zu),年平均氣(qi)(qi)溫16.2℃,平均日照1496.8 h,無霜(shuang)期265d,平均降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)1732.8mm。獨特的氣(qi)(qi)候環境條(tiao)件,形成了銅鼓(gu)黃(huang)精種植的獨特自然(ran)生態環境。
銅(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)黃精保(bao)護區域(yu)(yu)位于江(jiang)(jiang)西省宜(yi)春市銅(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)縣(xian)(xian),贛西北(bei)(bei)山區,修河上游,東(dong)鄰宜(yi)豐縣(xian)(xian),南(nan)接萬載縣(xian)(xian),西界瀏陽(yang)市、平江(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian),北(bei)(bei)連修水縣(xian)(xian)。銅(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)黃精地域(yu)(yu)保(bao)護范(fan)圍包括銅(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)縣(xian)(xian)的港口(kou)鄉(xiang)、棋坪鎮(zhen)、高橋鄉(xiang)、排埠(bu)鎮(zhen)、溫泉(quan)鎮(zhen)、永寧鎮(zhen)、三都鎮(zhen)、大塅鎮(zhen)、帶溪鄉(xiang)等9個鄉(xiang)(鎮(zhen));保(bao)護范(fan)圍位于東(dong)徑114°04′40″~114°43′54″,北(bei)(bei)緯28°22′59″~28°49′46″。保(bao)護面積3954公頃,年產量29655噸。
(1)外在感(gan)官特征:銅(tong)鼓黃(huang)(huang)精(jing)呈長條結節(jie)塊(kuai)狀(zhuang),常數個塊(kuai)狀(zhuang)結節(jie)相連(lian),長4~20 cm,直(zhi)徑1~3 cm。表(biao)面(mian)灰黃(huang)(huang)色(se)或黃(huang)(huang)褐色(se),粗糙(cao),結節(jie)上(shang)側(ce)有(you)(you)突出的(de)圓盤(pan)狀(zhuang)莖痕(hen),直(zhi)徑0.8~1.8cm。質(zhi)硬而韌(ren),不易折斷,斷面(mian)角(jiao)質(zhi),淡黃(huang)(huang)色(se)至(zhi)黃(huang)(huang)棕色(se)。氣(qi)微,味甜,嚼之有(you)(you)黏性。銅(tong)鼓黃(huang)(huang)精(jing)表(biao)面(mian)灰黃(huang)(huang)色(se),結節(jie)狀(zhuang),姜形,圓盤(pan)狀(zhuang)莖痕(hen),飽滿,多(duo)糖(tang)含量高。 (2)內在品質(zhi)指標(biao):水分(fen)≤17.0%,總灰分(fen)≤3.9%,酸不溶性灰分(fen)≤1.5%,黃(huang)(huang)精(jing)多(duo)糖(tang)≥10.0%,浸出物≥55.0%,蛋白質(zhi)≥2.5%。 (3)質(zhi)量安(an)全要(yao)求:銅(tong)鼓黃(huang)(huang)精(jing)質(zhi)量符合《中華人民(min)共和國藥典》的(de)規定。
(1)產地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)要(yao)(yao)求:銅(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)適宜(yi)偏酸性(xing)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)pH值為4.9~6.5最為適宜(yi),要(yao)(yao)求土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類型為紅壤(rang)(rang)、山地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang)、山地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)黃(huang)棕壤(rang)(rang)和山地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)(cao)甸土(tu)(tu),選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)質地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)疏(shu)松肥(fei)(fei)沃、陰(yin)(yin)濕但排水(shui)(shui)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。 (2)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze):本地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)多花黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(Polygonatum Cyrtonema Hua)。 (3)生產控(kong)(kong)制(zhi):為了保(bao)(bao)證銅(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質特色,重(zhong)點加強以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)幾個方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產技術控(kong)(kong)制(zhi): ①種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)繁(fan)育:在(zai)秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子轉(zhuan)黑時(shi)(shi)(shi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)取(qu)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)、飽滿、無病(bing)害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子進(jin)行沙藏(zang)(種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子1份(fen)與(yu)砂(sha)土(tu)(tu)3份(fen)混合(he)(he)均勻(yun))處(chu)(chu)(chu)理后,存(cun)于(yu)(yu)背陰(yin)(yin)處(chu)(chu)(chu)30cm深(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)坑內(nei),保(bao)(bao)持(chi)濕潤,防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)積水(shui)(shui),于(yu)(yu)次年(nian)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)取(qu)出,篩出種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子,按行距12~15cm均勻(yun)撒播(bo)到畦(qi)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淺溝(gou)內(nei),蓋(gai)土(tu)(tu)約(yue)1.5cm,稍壓(ya)后澆水(shui)(shui),并蓋(gai)一(yi)層(ceng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)保(bao)(bao)濕。出苗(miao)(miao)前去掉蓋(gai)草(cao)(cao)(cao),苗(miao)(miao)高6~9cm時(shi)(shi)(shi),過密處(chu)(chu)(chu)可適當(dang)間苗(miao)(miao),l年(nian)后移(yi)栽(zai)(zai)。 ②移(yi)栽(zai)(zai)定(ding)植(zhi):選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)有(you)蔭(yin)蔽(bi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)和排水(shui)(shui)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian),上(shang)(shang)(shang)層(ceng)透光充足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)林下(xia)(xia)開(kai)闊地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶或(huo)有(you)人工(gong)遮蔭(yin)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)田進(jin)行栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)。林下(xia)(xia)套種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)般(ban)于(yu)(yu)秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)先砍伐清(qing)除(chu)灌木(mu)雜草(cao)(cao)(cao),保(bao)(bao)留林木(mu),將地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)深(shen)翻30cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)整(zheng)平;在(zai)農(nong)(nong)田種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi),茬口選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)上(shang)(shang)(shang)最好(hao)前茬為水(shui)(shui)稻、綠肥(fei)(fei)或(huo)休閑地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai),深(shen)翻30 cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),施足生物(wu)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)或(huo)腐熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)家(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei),然(ran)后耙平耙細,作(zuo)寬100~120cm,高25~30cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畦(qi),畦(qi)溝(gou)寬50cm,同時(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)四周通順溝(gou)渠,以(yi)(yi)(yi)利排水(shui)(shui)防(fang)(fang)澇。于(yu)(yu)3月(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬或(huo)10月(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬,在(zai)整(zheng)好(hao)畦(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)按深(shen)10~15cm,行距25cm,株(zhu)距15~20cm挖穴,穴底挖松整(zheng)平,每(mei)穴栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)銅(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)株(zhu),覆土(tu)(tu)壓(ya)緊,澆透水(shui)(shui),再覆蓋(gai)細土(tu)(tu)與(yu)畦(qi)床相平。 ③種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)管理:在(zai)生長前期(qi)(qi)要(yao)(yao)經常中耕除(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao),每(mei)年(nian)于(yu)(yu)4、6、9、11月(yue)各進(jin)行1次,宜(yi)淺鋤并適當(dang)培土(tu)(tu),后期(qi)(qi)拔草(cao)(cao)(cao)即可。若遇干(gan)(gan)旱(han)(han)或(huo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)在(zai)較(jiao)向(xiang)陽、干(gan)(gan)旱(han)(han)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)澆水(shui)(shui)。每(mei)年(nian)結合(he)(he)中耕除(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)追施生物(wu)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)或(huo)腐熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)家(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei),將肥(fei)(fei)料施于(yu)(yu)行間開(kai)溝(gou)處(chu)(chu)(chu),后覆土(tu)(tu)蓋(gai)肥(fei)(fei)。 ④病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi):遵循“以(yi)(yi)(yi)防(fang)(fang)為主(zhu),綜合(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則,從整(zheng)個銅(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生態系統出發(fa),以(yi)(yi)(yi)農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)為基礎,綜合(he)(he)運用(yong)物(wu)理防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)和生物(wu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)措施,創造不利于(yu)(yu)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)孳生而有(you)利于(yu)(yu)各類天敵繁(fan)衍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian),增進(jin)生物(wu)多樣(yang)性(xing),保(bao)(bao)持(chi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)生物(wu)鏈平衡,減少各類病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)害(hai)所(suo)造成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失。 ⑤采收與(yu)加工(gong): A采收:春、秋(qiu)兩(liang)季(ji)(ji)均可,以(yi)(yi)(yi)秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)采收為佳(jia),栽(zai)(zai)培3~4年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)株(zhu)莖桿上(shang)(shang)(shang)葉片枯萎時(shi)(shi)(shi)即可采收,挖取(qu)根莖,除(chu)去地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)上(shang)(shang)(shang)部分及(ji)須根,用(yong)竹(zhu)刀或(huo)木(mu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)刮掉泥土(tu)(tu),避(bi)免(mian)弄傷塊(kuai)(kuai)根。 B加工(gong):選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)表(biao)面泛黃(huang)、斷面呈乳白或(huo)淡棕色,飽滿、肥(fei)(fei)厚、彈(dan)性(xing)足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)置蒸籠內(nei)蒸至透心、呈油潤狀時(shi)(shi)(shi),取(qu)出曬(shai)干(gan)(gan)或(huo)烘干(gan)(gan),切片,包(bao)裝貯藏(zang)。 (4)生產記錄(lu):建(jian)立完(wan)善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產記錄(lu)檔(dang)(dang)案,確(que)保(bao)(bao)記錄(lu)檔(dang)(dang)案可追溯銅(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)實際生產全過程,檔(dang)(dang)案資料力求準確(que)、清(qing)晰、完(wan)整(zheng),并妥善(shan)保(bao)(bao)存(cun)3年(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)備(bei)查(cha)閱(yue)。
(1)符(fu)合下列條件的(de)單(dan)位(wei)和(he)(he)個人(ren),可以(yi)向登(deng)(deng)記證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)持有(you)人(ren)申請使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi): ①生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營的(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)自(zi)登(deng)(deng)記確定(ding)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)域范(fan)圍; ②已取得銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營資質(zhi)(zhi); ③能(neng)夠嚴格按(an)照規(gui)定(ding)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量技術規(gui)范(fan)組(zu)織開展(zhan)(zhan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營活(huo)動; ④具有(you)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)市場開發經(jing)(jing)營能(neng)力。 使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),應當按(an)照生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營年度與登(deng)(deng)記證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)持有(you)人(ren)簽訂使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)協議,在(zai)協議中載(zai)明使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)數量、范(fan)圍和(he)(he)相關責任(ren)義務。 (2)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)享(xiang)有(you)以(yi)下權(quan)利: ①可以(yi)在(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)及包裝上(shang)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)名稱和(he)(he)公(gong)共標(biao)(biao)識圖案(an)組(zu)合標(biao)(biao)注等); ②可以(yi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)登(deng)(deng)記的(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),進行(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)宣傳(chuan)和(he)(he)參加(jia)展(zhan)(zhan)覽、展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)及展(zhan)(zhan)銷。 (3)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)應當履(lv)行(xing)以(yi)下義務: ①自(zi)覺接受登(deng)(deng)記證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)持有(you)人(ren)的(de)監督檢(jian)查(cha); ②保證(zheng)(zheng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)信(xin)(xin)譽; ③正確規(gui)范(fan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 (4)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營者應當建立質(zhi)(zhi)量控制追溯體系,農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持有(you)人(ren)和(he)(he)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)對銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量和(he)(he)信(xin)(xin)譽負責; (5)任(ren)何單(dan)位(wei)和(he)(he)個人(ren)不準(zhun)偽造、冒(mao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)登(deng)(deng)記證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu); (6)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)勵單(dan)位(wei)和(he)(he)個人(ren)對銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進行(xing)社會監督