紅(hong)棗(zao)(zao),鼠李科棗(zao)(zao)屬植(zhi)物,成熟后變為紅(hong)色。常曬干制成棗(zao)(zao)干。它(ta)的維生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)含量非常高,有(you)“天然維生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)丸”的美譽,具有(you)滋陰補陽的功效(xiao)。紅(hong)棗(zao)(zao)作為滋補佳品,素(su)有(you)“日食三(san)棗(zao)(zao),長生(sheng)(sheng)不老(lao)”之說。
可供藥(yao)用,有養(yang)胃、健脾、益(yi)血、滋補、強身之效(xiao),棗仁(ren)和(he)根均可入(ru)藥(yao),棗仁(ren)可以(yi)安神,為重要藥(yao)品之一。
棗性溫、味甘,具益(yi)氣補血(xue)(xue)、健(jian)脾和(he)胃、袪(qu)風功效,對治療過(guo)敏性紫癜、貧血(xue)(xue)、高(gao)血(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)、急慢性肝(gan)炎和(he)肝(gan)硬化(hua)(hua)(hua)患(huan)者的(de)血(xue)(xue)清轉氨酶增高(gao),以及(ji)預防輸(shu)血(xue)(xue)反應等(deng)均有(you)理(li)想(xiang)效果(guo);大棗含(han)有(you)三萜(tie)類(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)合物(wu)及(ji)環(huan)磷酸腺苷,有(you)較強的(de)抑癌、抗過(guo)敏作(zuo)用(yong)。棗中含(han)有(you)抗疲勞(lao)作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)物(wu)質,能增強人的(de)耐力,棗還具有(you)減輕毒性物(wu)質對肝(gan)臟(zang)損害的(de)功效。棗中的(de)黃酮類(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)合物(wu),有(you)鎮靜降血(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。
小紅棗種(zhong)植規格:株行(xing)距3×3米,每畝74株,種(zhong)植時間在(zai)12月(yue)。
種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)先挖長、寬(kuan)80厘米,深(shen)60~80厘米的(de)定植(zhi)(zhi)塘,挖塘時(shi)表土(tu)(tu)和(he)底(di)土(tu)(tu)分開(kai)堆放(fang)(fang),每塘底(di)層(ceng)放(fang)(fang)入(ru)草或秸稈(gan),中層(ceng)用50公斤(jin)腐熟農家肥與表土(tu)(tu)混勻后(hou)回(hui)(hui)填(tian),然后(hou)再回(hui)(hui)底(di)土(tu)(tu)(最(zui)好全用表土(tu)(tu)),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)塘回(hui)(hui)填(tian)后(hou)高(gao)于(yu)地(di)(di)面30厘米,或者回(hui)(hui)土(tu)(tu)時(shi)填(tian)至低于(yu)地(di)(di)面20厘米時(shi),灌透水(shui),使塘內土(tu)(tu)沉實后(hou)再填(tian)土(tu)(tu),使其(qi)略高(gao)于(yu)地(di)(di)面。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)在定植(zhi)(zhi)塘上挖一(yi)(yi)深(shen)20~30厘米的(de)穴,把棗苗(miao)(miao)(miao)放(fang)(fang)入(ru)穴中央,邊填(tian)土(tu)(tu)邊提苗(miao)(miao)(miao)、踏實,蓋土(tu)(tu)后(hou)略高(gao)于(yu)地(di)(di)面,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)深(shen)度(du)(du)與苗(miao)(miao)(miao)在苗(miao)(miao)(miao)圃里的(de)深(shen)度(du)(du)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi),不可(ke)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)(guo)深(shen)(埋(mai)過(guo)(guo)嫁接(jie)口)或過(guo)(guo)淺。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)沿(yan)樹(shu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)四(si)周整(zheng)成直徑1米的(de)圓(yuan)形樹(shu)盤,澆透定根水(shui)并用薄膜(mo)(一(yi)(yi)平(ping)方(fang)米大(da))進(jin)行樹(shu)盤覆蓋,以(yi)保濕、增溫、壓雜草。挖塘和(he)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)都要拉(la)線,以(yi)保證苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)達(da)到“三看”一(yi)(yi)線。