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基本介紹

金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)道(dao)(dao)教名山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勝地(di)。位于(yu)浙(zhe)(zhe)江省金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)市境內北(bei)部。為(wei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、赤(chi)松(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之合(he)稱。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中層巒疊嶂(zhang)，清泉(quan)潺流(liu)，洞(dong)穴四布，怪石林立，主峰海拔 1300 余米，最高峰為(wei)大盤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)1314米，面積約 2.5 平(ping)方公里。金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)又(you)(you)名長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、常山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)間(jian)雙龍、冰壺、朝(chao)真三(san)洞(dong)合(he)稱“金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)洞(dong)”，為(wei)道(dao)(dao)教第三(san)十(shi)(shi)六小(xiao)洞(dong)天，名曰“金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)洞(dong)元洞(dong)天”；赤(chi)松(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)傳為(wei)古(gu)(gu)仙人赤(chi)松(song)子于(yu)此引牧羊少年(nian)黃初平(ping)修道(dao)(dao)成仙之地(di)，故名。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上有金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)觀、赤(chi)松(song)亭、“五(wu)洞(dong)十(shi)(shi)景”等自然景觀及(ji)道(dao)(dao)教古(gu)(gu)跡。為(wei)浙(zhe)(zhe)江道(dao)(dao)教名山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之一(yi)。據清康熙二十(shi)(shi)二年(nian)（1683年(nian)）《金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)府志》記載：“黃帝分(fen)星次，斗(dou)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)度至婺女七度，曰須女，又(you)(you)曰星紀于(yu)辰在丑”。明一(yi)統志金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)天文牛女分(fen)野(ye)。

金(jin)華(hua)東(dong)鄰(lin)臺州、南毗麗水,西(xi)連(lian)衢州，北接紹(shao)興，杭州。境(jing)內的東(dong)、東(dong)北連(lian)大盤山(shan)、會稽山(shan)；南屬仙(xian)霞(xia)嶺；北、西(xi)北：接龍門山(shan)山(shan)脈。 仙(xian)霞(xia)嶺山(shan)脈從閩、贛交(jiao)界的武夷山(shan)延(yan)伸入境(jing)，至武義縣、婺城區南部和永康市，向(xiang)東(dong)北延(yan)續為大盤山(shan)和天臺山(shan)脈。

大盤山(shan)(shan)是錢塘江(jiang)、曹(cao)娥江(jiang)、椒江(jiang)和(he)甌江(jiang)部分(fen)(fen)支(zhi)流(liu)的源(yuan)地和(he)分(fen)(fen)水嶺(ling)，西南段位(wei)于磐(pan)安(an)、東(dong)陽、永康和(he)義(yi)(yi)烏，主峰(feng)在磐(pan)安(an)縣安(an)文(wen)鎮(zhen)東(dong)南。會稽山(shan)(shan)為天臺山(shan)(shan)支(zhi)脈，主體朝東(dong)北(bei)方向伸展(zhan)，西南段延伸至東(dong)陽北(bei)部和(he)義(yi)(yi)烏，主峰(feng)東(dong)白(bai)山(shan)(shan)位(wei)于東(dong)陽、諸暨、嵊州交界處。龍(long)門山(shan)(shan)界于富春江(jiang)與(yu)浦(pu)陽江(jiang)之間，分(fen)(fen)布在浦(pu)江(jiang)、婺城區(qu)和(he)金(jin)東(dong)區(qu)北(bei)部、蘭溪及義(yi)(yi)烏，其余脈金(jin)華北(bei)山(shan)(shan)呈塊狀山(shan)(shan)地。

景點景觀

金華(hua)(hua)北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，位(wei)于(yu)金華(hua)(hua)城北(bei)。蜿(wan)蜒起伏，勢(shi)如游龍(long)，雄壓萬峰，左(zuo)(zuo)右分支回巒，連屏拱(gong)衛(wei)(wei)，面南(nan)(nan)(nan)，諸(zhu)峰數重(zhong)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺雙(shuang)巒對矗(chu)，一(yi)(yi)曰玉壺、一(yi)(yi)曰金盆，壺中有湖(hu)，名曰徐公(gong)湖(hu)。水(shui)分兩(liang)派而(er)下，瀉乎山(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)陽(yang)者由山(shan)(shan)(shan)橋而(er)達(da)于(yu)溪(xi)；而(er)注于(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)陰者由鹿田(tian)而(er)入(ru)(ru)于(yu)洞盆之(zhi)中飛(fei)瀑瀉出(chu)，為(wei)赤(chi)松澗，即黃初平（大(da)(da)仙）登仙處。整個北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)周(zhou)三(san)百(bai)六(liu)十里，宛如一(yi)(yi)道(dao)天然屏障(zhang)。 北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)20里設金華(hua)(hua)城，位(wei)于(yu)東(dong)陽(yang)江(jiang)(jiang)、武義江(jiang)(jiang)和(he)金華(hua)(hua)江(jiang)(jiang)交(jiao)匯處。北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)（玄武、坎(kan)位(wei)）是金華(hua)(hua)城的(de)太祖少祖山(shan)(shan)(shan)，龍(long)脈所含蘊的(de)精氣凝重(zhong)，芙(fu)蓉山(shan)(shan)(shan)收納精氣，結斂山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢(shi)過(guo)脈，是強大(da)(da)的(de)靠山(shan)(shan)(shan)；東(dong)側(ce)（青龍(long)、震位(wei)）的(de)積道(dao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，為(wei)一(yi)(yi)淺(qian)(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)；西(xi)（白(bai)虎(hu)(hu)、兌位(wei)）是綿綿南(nan)(nan)(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)延伸(shen)，青龍(long)白(bai)虎(hu)(hu)有侍(shi)衛(wei)(wei)護持著；正南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)（朱雀、離位(wei)）低矮的(de)淺(qian)(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)為(wei)砂，相互纏(chan)綿，可謂托多、護多、纏(chan)多，為(wei)龍(long)神大(da)(da)貴。婺江(jiang)(jiang)由東(dong)而(er)西(xi)，至蘭(lan)溪(xi)匯衢江(jiang)(jiang)而(er)入(ru)(ru)浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)。該城北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)水(shui)、北(bei)高南(nan)(nan)(nan)低、左(zuo)(zuo)右有侍(shi)衛(wei)(wei)，符(fu)合把城郭建在巨(ju)型(xing)“沙發”里的(de)理念，是個不錯的(de)城郭。

北(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)坡(po)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)側過脈(mo)至(zhi)芙蓉峰(feng)(feng)，芙蓉峰(feng)(feng)騰空(kong)駕云，高為潛岳。《方輿記》云：“孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)獨秀，狀若芙蓉，故名，郡(jun)縣來脈(mo)，皆本此山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”。芙蓉山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體比較(jiao)尖(jian)，又俗(su)稱(cheng)尖(jian)峰(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，所以(yi)人們就(jiu)習慣叫尖(jian)峰(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)了，而原來的(de)美名慢慢被遺忘。芙蓉山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、尖(jian)峰(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)同(tong)(tong)一座山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)，不同(tong)(tong)的(de)稱(cheng)呼(hu)，可(ke)有不同(tong)(tong)的(de)結果(guo)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)最早叫“長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣”東(dong)漢初平(ping)三年(nian)（192年(nian)）、“東(dong)陽郡(jun)”三國吳寶鼎元年(nian)(266)置(zhi)郡(jun)名東(dong)陽，隋開(kai)皇十八年(nian)（597年(nian)）改(gai)稱(cheng)金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)。尖(jian)峰(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體是尖(jian)的(de)，五行屬火(huo)，該火(huo)克著金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)的(de)“金(jin)(jin)(jin)”，也許對金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)有一定的(de)制約(yue)。 在眾多的(de)典籍中，對金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)北(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)稱(cheng)謂有：長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、常山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。在綿綿北(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)中還有不同(tong)(tong)的(de)小山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)名稱(cheng)，如：芙蓉山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、赤松山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、煉(lian)丹山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、乾峰(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等等。金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)乃有其(qi)小山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，在今付(fu)(fu)村鎮(zhen)之(zhi)北(bei)(bei)，過去這里屬于金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)鄉（包括今付(fu)(fu)村、源(yuan)東(dong)），金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)畈(fan)延稱(cheng)至(zhi)今。稱(cheng)之(zhi)為金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)北(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。

歷史沿革

東(dong)漢初平三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（192）析(xi)烏(wu)(wu)傷（義(yi)烏(wu)(wu)前(qian)身）西南地置(zhi)長(chang)山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)，因縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)內(nei)長(chang)山(shan)（又名(ming)(ming)常山(shan)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)山(shan)）（注：公(gong)元562年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)才置(zhi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)，在此之(zhi)前(qian)注解金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)山(shan)是欠妥的）得名(ming)(ming)，為(wei)(wei)會稽郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)西部都(dou)尉治(zhi)所(suo)；三(san)國吳(wu)寶鼎元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（266）分會稽郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)立(li)東(dong)陽郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)，郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)治(zhi)長(chang)山(shan)（以郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)在瀫(hu)水（即衢江與(yu)蘭江之(zhi)交的一段）之(zhi)東(dong)、長(chang)山(shan)之(zhi)陽得名(ming)(ming)）；陳天嘉(jia)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（563）撤縉州(zhou)(zhou)、東(dong)陽郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)改(gai)名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)；隋開(kai)(kai)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（589）置(zhi)吳(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)廢(fei)建德(de)(de)(de)、太末(mo)、豐安三(san)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)入長(chang)安，更(geng)名(ming)(ming)吳(wu)寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)；開(kai)(kai)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（592）改(gai)吳(wu)寧(ning)為(wei)(wei)東(dong)陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)；開(kai)(kai)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)十三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（593）設置(zhi)婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)；開(kai)(kai)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)十八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（598）改(gai)東(dong)陽為(wei)(wei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)；隋大(da)業三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（607）復置(zhi)東(dong)陽郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)；唐武德(de)(de)(de)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（621）復改(gai)東(dong)陽為(wei)(wei)婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)、析(xi)建德(de)(de)(de)、太末(mo)地復置(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、分金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、長(chang)山(shan)兩(liang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)；武德(de)(de)(de)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（625）廢(fei)長(chang)山(shan)入金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)；垂拱四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（688）改(gai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)；神龍(long)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（705）復名(ming)(ming)金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)，沿用(yong)到2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。 從(cong)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)名(ming)(ming)來看自(zi)會稽郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)--東(dong)陽郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)—吳(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)—婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)—東(dong)陽郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)—婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)--東(dong)陽郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)--婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)—婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)武勝軍--婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)保寧(ning)軍--婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)路—寧(ning)越(yue)府(fu)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)府(fu)—浙(zhe)江省—金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)—浙(zhe)江省—第八(ba)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)行(xing)(xing)政督察區—第六行(xing)(xing)政督察區—蘭溪(xi)區—四、五(wu)、三(san)、八(ba)行(xing)(xing)政督察區--第八(ba)行(xing)(xing)政區—金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)專區—金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)區—金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)專區—金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)地區—金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)市到至(zhi)今,易名(ming)(ming)27次(ci)。

而金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)縣則由：長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣—吳寧縣—東(dong)陽(yang)縣—金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)縣，數易(yi)其(qi)(qi)名。在(zai)(zai)(zai)唐武德四年（621）分金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)為(wei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)、長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)兩(liang)縣，那就是(shi)說(shuo)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)同(tong)時存在(zai)(zai)(zai)過兩(liang)個(ge)縣，必須弄清楚兩(liang)個(ge)縣的(de)(de)遺(yi)址，才能有(you)更確切的(de)(de)表述(shu)。 北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)因(yin)雙龍洞的(de)(de)名聲在(zai)(zai)(zai)外，現在(zai)(zai)(zai)是(shi)AAAA級風景名勝區。北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂是(shi)大盤天景區，浙(zhe)中涼都(dou)所在(zai)(zai)(zai)，金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂盤前農家樂有(you)：芳園山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)、涼都(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)、美樂山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)、諸(zhu)葛山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)等山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)共二百多個(ge)床(chuang)位(wei)，同(tong)時可容納400多人用餐，是(shi)避暑、休閑、登(deng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、聚(ju)會的(de)(de)樂園。為(wei)了便于管(guan)理，將(jiang)(jiang)羅店、新(xin)獅兩(liang)個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)部分村規劃其(qi)(qi)中，因(yin)此，我(wo)(wo)們(men)把這里放(fang)到最后來普查(cha)。雙龍景區管(guan)委會許光明主任(ren)高度重視這次文物(wu)普查(cha)工(gong)作，全(quan)方(fang)位(wei)的(de)(de)給于支持，并且派(pai)出了兩(liang)名精兵強將(jiang)(jiang)全(quan)程陪同(tong)我(wo)(wo)們(men)。邢小平(ping)先生(sheng)是(shi)管(guan)委會的(de)(de)得力干(gan)將(jiang)(jiang)，馬(ma)(ma)水根先生(sheng)是(shi)某藝術館的(de)(de)退休干(gan)部、北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)歷(li)史文化(hua)遺(yi)存研究專家、《雙龍景區志(zhi)》主要參與(yu)者，有(you)他們(men)兩(liang)人陪同(tong)，真可謂“老馬(ma)(ma)識途”，使我(wo)(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)普查(cha)工(gong)作“一(yi)帆風順(shun)”。

從出土(tu)文物來看(kan)，早在(zai)(zai)新(xin)(xin)石器時期，就有人(ren)類在(zai)(zai)北山(shan)的雙龍洞(dong)內(nei)活動、東晉葛洪《神仙(xian)傳》所描(miao)述(shu)的黃初(chu)平，十五(wu)歲時在(zai)(zai)金(jin)華赤松山(shan)遇仙(xian)人(ren)，得道(dao)成(cheng)仙(xian)。因他居于赤松山(shan)，所以(yi)人(ren)稱赤松黃大仙(xian)、雙龍洞(dong)和(he)朝真(zhen)洞(dong)成(cheng)為道(dao)教的三十六洞(dong)天(tian)、歷史(shi)上曾經有數位(wei)皇帝在(zai)(zai)此祭天(tian)、新(xin)(xin)中國(guo)成(cheng)立(li)以(yi)后，有多位(wei)國(guo)家領導人(ren)在(zai)(zai)此駐足、歷代文人(ren)騷(sao)客留下了(le)(le)足跡(ji)、一個個溶洞(dong)形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)(le)奇特(te)仙(xian)境，葉(xie)圣陶先(xian)生的《記(ji)金(jin)華的兩個溶洞(dong)》拉(la)近(jin)了(le)(le)讀者與北山(shan)的距(ju)離，最近(jin)又發現了(le)(le)還無法破解的神秘符號。