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基本介紹

金(jin)(jin)華(hua)北(bei)山(shan)(shan)道教(jiao)名(ming)山(shan)(shan)勝地(di)(di)。位于浙江省金(jin)(jin)華(hua)市境內北(bei)部。為(wei)(wei)(wei)金(jin)(jin)華(hua)山(shan)(shan)、赤(chi)松山(shan)(shan)等山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)合稱(cheng)。山(shan)(shan)中層巒(luan)疊(die)嶂，清(qing)泉潺流，洞(dong)穴四(si)布，怪石林(lin)立，主峰海拔 1300 余(yu)米，最高(gao)峰為(wei)(wei)(wei)大盤山(shan)(shan)1314米，面積約 2.5 平(ping)方公里(li)。金(jin)(jin)華(hua)山(shan)(shan)又(you)名(ming)長山(shan)(shan)、常山(shan)(shan)。山(shan)(shan)間雙龍、冰壺、朝真三(san)洞(dong)合稱(cheng)“金(jin)(jin)華(hua)洞(dong)”，為(wei)(wei)(wei)道教(jiao)第三(san)十六小(xiao)洞(dong)天(tian)，名(ming)曰“金(jin)(jin)華(hua)洞(dong)元洞(dong)天(tian)”；赤(chi)松山(shan)(shan)傳為(wei)(wei)(wei)古仙人赤(chi)松子于此(ci)引(yin)牧羊少(shao)年(nian)黃初平(ping)修(xiu)道成仙之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)，故名(ming)。山(shan)(shan)上有金(jin)(jin)華(hua)觀(guan)、赤(chi)松亭、“五洞(dong)十景”等自然景觀(guan)及(ji)道教(jiao)古跡。為(wei)(wei)(wei)浙江道教(jiao)名(ming)山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)一。據(ju)清(qing)康熙(xi)二(er)十二(er)年(nian)（1683年(nian)）《金(jin)(jin)華(hua)府志》記載：“黃帝分(fen)星次，斗十一度至婺女七度，曰須女，又(you)曰星紀于辰(chen)在(zai)丑”。明一統志金(jin)(jin)華(hua)天(tian)文(wen)牛女分(fen)野。

金華東(dong)鄰臺州(zhou)、南毗麗(li)水,西(xi)連衢州(zhou)，北接紹興，杭州(zhou)。境內的東(dong)、東(dong)北連大(da)盤山(shan)、會稽山(shan)；南屬仙(xian)霞(xia)嶺(ling)；北、西(xi)北：接龍門山(shan)山(shan)脈。 仙(xian)霞(xia)嶺(ling)山(shan)脈從(cong)閩(min)、贛交(jiao)界的武(wu)(wu)夷山(shan)延(yan)伸入境，至武(wu)(wu)義縣、婺城區南部和永康市，向東(dong)北延(yan)續為大(da)盤山(shan)和天(tian)臺山(shan)脈。

大(da)盤山是錢(qian)塘(tang)江(jiang)、曹娥江(jiang)、椒江(jiang)和甌(ou)江(jiang)部分支流的源(yuan)地和分水嶺(ling)，西南段(duan)位于磐(pan)安(an)、東(dong)陽(yang)、永康(kang)和義烏，主峰在磐(pan)安(an)縣安(an)文(wen)鎮(zhen)東(dong)南。會稽山為天臺山支脈(mo)，主體朝東(dong)北(bei)(bei)方向伸展，西南段(duan)延伸至(zhi)東(dong)陽(yang)北(bei)(bei)部和義烏，主峰東(dong)白山位于東(dong)陽(yang)、諸暨、嵊州(zhou)交界處。龍門(men)山界于富春江(jiang)與浦陽(yang)江(jiang)之間，分布(bu)在浦江(jiang)、婺城區(qu)和金東(dong)區(qu)北(bei)(bei)部、蘭溪及義烏，其余(yu)脈(mo)金華(hua)北(bei)(bei)山呈塊狀山地。

景點景觀

金(jin)華(hua)北山(shan)(shan)(shan)，位(wei)(wei)于金(jin)華(hua)城(cheng)北。蜿蜒起(qi)伏，勢如游龍(long)，雄(xiong)壓萬峰，左右(you)分支回(hui)巒(luan)，連屏(ping)拱衛(wei)，面(mian)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)，諸峰數重(zhong)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺雙巒(luan)對矗，一曰(yue)玉壺、一曰(yue)金(jin)盆，壺中(zhong)有(you)湖，名(ming)曰(yue)徐公湖。水(shui)分兩派(pai)而(er)(er)下，瀉(xie)乎山(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)陽(yang)者由(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)橋而(er)(er)達于溪；而(er)(er)注于山(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)陰(yin)者由(you)鹿田(tian)而(er)(er)入于洞盆之(zhi)中(zhong)飛瀑瀉(xie)出，為赤松澗，即黃初平（大仙(xian)）登仙(xian)處。整(zheng)個北山(shan)(shan)(shan)周三(san)百六十里(li)，宛如一道(dao)天然屏(ping)障。 北山(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)20里(li)設金(jin)華(hua)城(cheng)，位(wei)(wei)于東陽(yang)江(jiang)(jiang)、武義江(jiang)(jiang)和金(jin)華(hua)江(jiang)(jiang)交(jiao)匯處。北山(shan)(shan)(shan)（玄(xuan)武、坎位(wei)(wei)）是金(jin)華(hua)城(cheng)的(de)(de)太(tai)祖少祖山(shan)(shan)(shan)，龍(long)脈所(suo)含蘊(yun)的(de)(de)精氣凝重(zhong)，芙(fu)蓉山(shan)(shan)(shan)收納(na)精氣，結斂山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢過(guo)脈，是強大的(de)(de)靠山(shan)(shan)(shan)；東側（青龍(long)、震位(wei)(wei)）的(de)(de)積(ji)道(dao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，為一淺(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)；西（白(bai)虎(hu)、兌位(wei)(wei)）是綿(mian)綿(mian)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)延伸(shen)，青龍(long)白(bai)虎(hu)有(you)侍衛(wei)護持(chi)著(zhu)；正南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)方（朱雀、離位(wei)(wei)）低矮的(de)(de)淺(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)為砂，相互纏綿(mian)，可謂托多、護多、纏多，為龍(long)神大貴。婺(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)由(you)東而(er)(er)西，至蘭(lan)溪匯衢江(jiang)(jiang)而(er)(er)入浙江(jiang)(jiang)。該城(cheng)北山(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)水(shui)、北高南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)低、左右(you)有(you)侍衛(wei)，符合(he)把城(cheng)郭建在巨型“沙(sha)發(fa)”里(li)的(de)(de)理念，是個不錯的(de)(de)城(cheng)郭。

北山(shan)(shan)(shan)南坡西南側過脈至(zhi)芙蓉(rong)峰，芙蓉(rong)峰騰空駕云，高為潛岳。《方輿(yu)記》云：“孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)獨(du)秀，狀若芙蓉(rong)，故名，郡縣來(lai)脈，皆本此山(shan)(shan)(shan)”。芙蓉(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)體(ti)(ti)比較尖(jian)(jian)，又(you)俗稱尖(jian)(jian)峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)，所以(yi)人(ren)們就習慣叫尖(jian)(jian)峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)了，而原(yuan)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)美名慢(man)慢(man)被遺(yi)忘(wang)。芙蓉(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、尖(jian)(jian)峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)同一座(zuo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰，不同的(de)(de)(de)稱呼(hu)，可有(you)不同的(de)(de)(de)結果。金(jin)華最早叫“長山(shan)(shan)(shan)縣”東(dong)漢初平三年(nian)(nian)（192年(nian)(nian)）、“東(dong)陽(yang)郡”三國吳寶鼎元年(nian)(nian)(266)置郡名東(dong)陽(yang)，隋開皇十八年(nian)(nian)（597年(nian)(nian)）改稱金(jin)華。尖(jian)(jian)峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)體(ti)(ti)是尖(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)，五行屬(shu)火(huo)，該火(huo)克著金(jin)華的(de)(de)(de)“金(jin)”，也許對金(jin)華有(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)制約(yue)。 在(zai)(zai)眾(zhong)多的(de)(de)(de)典籍中，對金(jin)華北山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)稱謂有(you)：長山(shan)(shan)(shan)、常山(shan)(shan)(shan)、金(jin)華山(shan)(shan)(shan)。在(zai)(zai)綿綿北山(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)中還有(you)不同的(de)(de)(de)小山(shan)(shan)(shan)名稱，如：芙蓉(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、金(jin)華山(shan)(shan)(shan)、赤松山(shan)(shan)(shan)、煉(lian)丹山(shan)(shan)(shan)、乾峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)等等。金(jin)華山(shan)(shan)(shan)乃(nai)有(you)其小山(shan)(shan)(shan)，在(zai)(zai)今(jin)付村鎮之(zhi)北，過去(qu)這里(li)屬(shu)于金(jin)華鄉（包括今(jin)付村、源東(dong)），金(jin)華畈延稱至(zhi)今(jin)。稱之(zhi)為金(jin)華北山(shan)(shan)(shan)。

歷史沿革

東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢初(chu)平三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（192）析(xi)烏傷（義(yi)烏前身）西(xi)南地(di)(di)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，因(yin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境內長(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)（又名(ming)(ming)(ming)常山(shan)(shan)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)）（注：公元562年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)才置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)，在(zai)(zai)此之前注解金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)是欠妥(tuo)的(de)）得名(ming)(ming)(ming)，為會稽(ji)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)西(xi)部都尉治所；三(san)國吳寶鼎元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（266）分會稽(ji)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)立東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)，郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)治長(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)（以(yi)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)在(zai)(zai)瀫水（即衢江與蘭江之交(jiao)的(de)一段(duan)）之東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、長(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)之陽(yang)(yang)得名(ming)(ming)(ming)）；陳天嘉三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（563）撤縉州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)改(gai)名(ming)(ming)(ming)為金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)；隋開皇九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（589）置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吳州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)廢(fei)建德(de)、太(tai)末(mo)、豐安三(san)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)入長(chang)(chang)(chang)安，更名(ming)(ming)(ming)吳寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；開皇十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（592）改(gai)吳寧(ning)為東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；開皇十三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（593）設置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)婺州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)；開皇十八(ba)(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（598）改(gai)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)(yang)為金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；隋大業三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（607）復(fu)(fu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)；唐武(wu)德(de)四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（621）復(fu)(fu)改(gai)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)(yang)為婺州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、析(xi)建德(de)、太(tai)末(mo)地(di)(di)復(fu)(fu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、分金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)為金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、長(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)兩(liang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；武(wu)德(de)八(ba)(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（625）廢(fei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)入金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；垂(chui)拱(gong)四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（688）改(gai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；神龍元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（705）復(fu)(fu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，沿用到(dao)2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。 從郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)名(ming)(ming)(ming)來(lai)看自會稽(ji)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)--東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)—吳州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)—婺州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)—東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)—婺州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)--東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)--婺州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)—婺州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)武(wu)勝軍--婺州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)保寧(ning)軍--婺州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)路—寧(ning)越府—金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)府—浙江省(sheng)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道—浙江省(sheng)—第八(ba)(ba)(ba)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)行(xing)(xing)政督(du)察區(qu)(qu)—第六行(xing)(xing)政督(du)察區(qu)(qu)—蘭溪區(qu)(qu)—四(si)(si)、五(wu)、三(san)、八(ba)(ba)(ba)行(xing)(xing)政督(du)察區(qu)(qu)--第八(ba)(ba)(ba)行(xing)(xing)政區(qu)(qu)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)專區(qu)(qu)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)區(qu)(qu)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)專區(qu)(qu)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)市到(dao)至(zhi)今,易名(ming)(ming)(ming)27次。

而(er)金(jin)(jin)華縣(xian)則由(you)：長(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)—吳寧縣(xian)—東陽縣(xian)—金(jin)(jin)華縣(xian)，數易(yi)其名(ming)。在(zai)唐武德四(si)年（621）分金(jin)(jin)華為(wei)金(jin)(jin)華、長(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)兩(liang)(liang)縣(xian)，那就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)說，在(zai)金(jin)(jin)華同(tong)(tong)時存(cun)在(zai)過兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)縣(xian)，必須(xu)弄(nong)清(qing)楚(chu)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)縣(xian)的遺址，才能有(you)更(geng)確切的表述。 北山(shan)(shan)(shan)因雙龍洞的名(ming)聲在(zai)外，現在(zai)是(shi)(shi)AAAA級風景(jing)名(ming)勝(sheng)區。北山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂是(shi)(shi)大盤(pan)天景(jing)區，浙(zhe)中涼都所在(zai)，金(jin)(jin)華山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂盤(pan)前農(nong)家樂(le)有(you)：芳(fang)園(yuan)(yuan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)、涼都山(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)、美樂(le)山(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)、諸葛山(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)等山(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)共二百多(duo)個(ge)床位，同(tong)(tong)時可容(rong)納400多(duo)人用餐，是(shi)(shi)避暑、休(xiu)閑、登山(shan)(shan)(shan)、聚會(hui)的樂(le)園(yuan)(yuan)。為(wei)了(le)便(bian)于管(guan)(guan)理，將羅店、新(xin)獅兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)鄉鎮的部分村規劃其中，因此，我(wo)們(men)(men)把(ba)這(zhe)里(li)放到最(zui)后來普查。雙龍景(jing)區管(guan)(guan)委會(hui)許光明主任高度重視這(zhe)次文(wen)(wen)物(wu)普查工作，全方位的給于支(zhi)持，并且(qie)派(pai)出了(le)兩(liang)(liang)名(ming)精兵強將全程陪同(tong)(tong)我(wo)們(men)(men)。邢小平(ping)先生是(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)委會(hui)的得力(li)干(gan)將，馬水根先生是(shi)(shi)某藝術館的退(tui)休(xiu)干(gan)部、北山(shan)(shan)(shan)歷史(shi)文(wen)(wen)化遺存(cun)研(yan)究專(zhuan)家、《雙龍景(jing)區志》主要參與者，有(you)他(ta)們(men)(men)兩(liang)(liang)人陪同(tong)(tong)，真可謂(wei)“老馬識途(tu)”，使我(wo)們(men)(men)的普查工作“一帆風順”。

從出(chu)土(tu)文物來(lai)看(kan)，早在新石(shi)器時期，就有人(ren)(ren)類(lei)在北山的(de)雙龍洞(dong)內(nei)活動、東晉葛洪《神(shen)仙(xian)傳》所描(miao)述(shu)的(de)黃初(chu)平，十(shi)五(wu)歲時在金華赤(chi)松(song)山遇仙(xian)人(ren)(ren)，得道(dao)成(cheng)(cheng)仙(xian)。因他居(ju)于赤(chi)松(song)山，所以人(ren)(ren)稱(cheng)赤(chi)松(song)黃大仙(xian)、雙龍洞(dong)和朝真洞(dong)成(cheng)(cheng)為道(dao)教的(de)三十(shi)六洞(dong)天、歷(li)史上(shang)曾經有數位皇帝(di)在此(ci)祭天、新中國(guo)成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)以后，有多(duo)位國(guo)家領導人(ren)(ren)在此(ci)駐(zhu)足、歷(li)代文人(ren)(ren)騷客留下了足跡、一個(ge)個(ge)溶洞(dong)形成(cheng)(cheng)了奇特仙(xian)境(jing)，葉圣陶先生(sheng)的(de)《記金華的(de)兩個(ge)溶洞(dong)》拉(la)近了讀者與北山的(de)距離，最近又發(fa)現了還(huan)無法(fa)破(po)解的(de)神(shen)秘符號。