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一.產品介紹

“桐(tong)柏(bo)香(xiang)椿”產自南陽桐(tong)柏(bo)，葉厚芽嫩，綠葉紅邊，色如瑪(ma)瑙，香(xiang)味濃郁，營養豐富，被譽為(wei)“山中珍品”。香(xiang)椿是(shi)桐(tong)柏(bo)的(de)鄉(xiang)土(tu)樹種，當(dang)地在漢代即開始廣(guang)泛種植，香(xiang)椿在可供食用的(de)同時，也是(shi)園林(lin)綠化和保持水(shui)土(tu)的(de)優良樹種，具有良好的(de)生態效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)、經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)和社會效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)，現已成為(wei)老區(qu)農民增(zeng)收致富的(de)新渠(qu)道。

桐柏縣(xian)位于千(qian)里淮河之(zhi)源，桐柏山(shan)腹地，是我國南(nan)北氣候過渡(du)帶，具有得天獨厚的(de)生態優勢和自然條(tiao)件(jian)，適宜發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)香(xiang)(xiang)椿種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。近年(nian)來，隨(sui)著市場需求的(de)不斷(duan)(duan)加大，作(zuo)為(wei)高效(xiao)特(te)色經濟(ji)作(zuo)物(wu),香(xiang)(xiang)椿得到(dao)進一(yi)步保護和開(kai)發(fa)，栽培水平(ping)和加工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)不斷(duan)(duan)提升，種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)規(gui)模不斷(duan)(duan)擴大。該(gai)(gai)縣(xian)由淮源生態香(xiang)(xiang)椿產(chan)業協會牽頭，對香(xiang)(xiang)椿實施了標(biao)準化(hua)(hua)(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)，產(chan)業化(hua)(hua)(hua)加工(gong)，品(pin)牌化(hua)(hua)(hua)經營，已開(kai)發(fa)出“香(xiang)(xiang)椿茶”、“香(xiang)(xiang)椿醬”等特(te)色產(chan)品(pin)熱(re)銷北京、上海、山(shan)東等多個省市。目前(qian)，該(gai)(gai)縣(xian)已建成500畝(mu)以上標(biao)準化(hua)(hua)(hua)基(ji)地7個，發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)香(xiang)(xiang)椿種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積11000余畝(mu)，年(nian)產(chan)值達5000多萬元，帶動3000多名(ming)老區貧(pin)困農民實現脫貧(pin)致富。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

（1）土壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情況：斜貫(guan)(guan)全(quan)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)桐柏(bo)(bo)山(shan)是(shi)構成(cheng)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)貌(mao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)骨(gu)架，主(zhu)脈沿(yan)(yan)線(xian)山(shan)高谷深(shen)，溝窄坡陡，主(zhu)峰(feng)太白頂海拔1140m，雄偉(wei)壯(zhuang)觀。余(yu)脈伸至中部(bu)、北(bei)部(bu)和東北(bei)部(bu)，呈指狀放(fang)射(she)，形成(cheng)大(da)(da)面(mian)積(ji)淺山(shan)和丘陵(ling)，800多(duo)個(ge)山(shan)嶺，700多(duo)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)崗(gang)(gang)丘相(xiang)接相(xiang)連遍布(bu)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)。地(di)勢東南較高，中部(bu)突起，東西(xi)兩側漸低，山(shan)、崗(gang)(gang)、丘、平交錯分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)，平均(jun)(jun)海拔500m左右(you)，素有(you)(you)(you)“七山(shan)一水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)二分(fen)(fen)(fen)田(tian)”之稱。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)共有(you)(you)(you)3個(ge)土類，9個(ge)亞類，18個(ge)土屬(shu)，74個(ge)土種。其中黃(huang)(huang)棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)面(mian)積(ji)最(zui)大(da)(da)，主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)在(zai)低山(shan)、丘陵(ling)、緩崗(gang)(gang)，占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)土壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)82.8%，是(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)林業(ye)土壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)。成(cheng)土母巖為花崗(gang)(gang)巖、片麻巖，包括黃(huang)(huang)棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)、黃(huang)(huang)褐土和粗(cu)骨(gu)性黃(huang)(huang)棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)、粗(cu)骨(gu)性黃(huang)(huang)褐土4個(ge)亞類；潮(chao)土類主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)在(zai)三夾河(he)(he)(he)(he)、淮(huai)(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)及(ji)其支流(liu)沿(yan)(yan)岸，占(zhan)總 面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3.32%；水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻土主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)在(zai)山(shan)間盆(pen)地(di)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)兩岸洼(wa)地(di)，占(zhan)總面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)13.87%，是(shi)種植業(ye)土壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體。 （2）水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況：桐柏(bo)(bo)縣(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)屬(shu)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、長(chang)江(jiang)兩大(da)(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系，以(yi)(yi)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)源鎮固廟(miao)村的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)嶺和大(da)(da)河(he)(he)(he)(he)鎮土門村的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新坡嶺一線(xian)為分(fen)(fen)(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)嶺，以(yi)(yi)東屬(shu)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)域(yu)，面(mian)積(ji)1320km2，以(yi)(yi)西(xi)屬(shu)長(chang)江(jiang)流(liu)域(yu)，面(mian)積(ji)621km2。縣(xian)(xian)內河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)交錯，澗溪(xi)密布(bu)，共有(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)小(xiao)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)58條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)，其中淮(huai)(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)域(yu)32條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)，長(chang)江(jiang)流(liu)域(yu)26條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)。流(liu)域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)在(zai)100km2以(yi)(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)9條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)，屬(shu)于淮(huai)(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)，屬(shu)于長(chang)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)。縣(xian)(xian)內共有(you)(you)(you)中小(xiao)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)79座，總庫(ku)(ku)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)11508萬m3。庫(ku)(ku)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于1000萬m3的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)有(you)(you)(you)趙莊水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)、二郎山(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)，另(ling)有(you)(you)(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電灌站60余(yu)處(chu)。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)徑流(liu)總量(liang)(liang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)7.56億(yi)(yi)m3，地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)約(yue)0.5億(yi)(yi)m3，地(di)表徑流(liu)可利用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)約(yue)2.6億(yi)(yi)m3，現狀利用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)約(yue)1.8億(yi)(yi)m3，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源較為豐富，灌溉條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)良好。 （3）氣(qi)候(hou)情況：桐柏(bo)(bo)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)處(chu)北(bei)亞熱帶北(bei)部(bu)邊緣，屬(shu)季風型(xing)大(da)(da)陸性半濕(shi)(shi)潤氣(qi)候(hou)，兼(jian)有(you)(you)(you)亞熱帶和暖溫(wen)(wen)帶氣(qi)候(hou)特點(dian)，四季分(fen)(fen)(fen)明，溫(wen)(wen)暖濕(shi)(shi)潤，雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)適中。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)日照時(shi)(shi)數2027小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)太陽總輻(fu)射(she)量(liang)(liang)112.06千卡(ka)/cm2，光合有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)輻(fu)射(she)54.91千卡(ka)/cm2。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)15℃，≥10℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活動(dong)積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)4811℃，無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)211--231天，年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)933--1181mm，年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)相(xiang)對濕(shi)(shi)度74%，對林木生長(chang)十分(fen)(fen)(fen)有(you)(you)(you)利。橫(heng)貫(guan)(guan)東西(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)桐柏(bo)(bo)山(shan)中，野生香椿(chun)數不勝數。

三.地域范圍

全(quan)縣以淺山(shan)、丘陵為主，地(di)處東經(jing)113°00′--113°49′，北(bei)緯(wei)32°17′--32°43′之間，東西長約(yue)(yue)76.1km，南北(bei)寬約(yue)(yue)49.3km，土地(di)總面積1915km2。東與(yu)信陽(yang)市平(ping)橋區接壤，西同南陽(yang)市唐河縣相連，北(bei)和駐(zhu)馬店的泌陽(yang)、確山(shan)為鄰(lin)，南與(yu)湖北(bei)省的棗陽(yang)、隨州(zhou)交界。桐柏香椿（Toona sinensis）地(di)域(yu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)范圍包(bao)括(kuo)回龍、淮源(yuan)鎮(zhen)等14個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)（園區），33個(ge)行政村，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區域(yu)面積10.029萬畝，年產量1.25萬噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

（1）外在(zai)感官特(te)征(zheng)：“桐柏香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)”芽肥葉(xie)厚(hou)，色澤紫紅(hong)，香(xiang)(xiang)脆(cui)可口，氣味濃郁。 （2）內在(zai)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)標：據農(nong)業(ye)(ye)部農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量監督(du)檢驗測(ce)試(shi)中心(xin)（鄭州）等單位對桐柏香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)的檢測(ce)結果顯示：含蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)7.05--7.08g/100g，維生素B10.0286--0.0326mg/100g、維生素C38.2--38.6mg/100g、鉀5.05--5.56*103mg/kg、鈉6.3--6.8mg/kg。 （3）安(an)全要求：產(chan)(chan)地環境必(bi)須符合《無公害農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin) 種(zhong)植業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)地環境條(tiao)件》（NY T 5010-2016）標準(zhun)，禁止使(shi)用(yong)未(wei)依法登記和(he)國家明(ming)令(ling)禁止使(shi)用(yong)的農(nong)業(ye)(ye)投入品(pin)，推行標準(zhun)化生產(chan)(chan)，切實保障香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)質(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)全。

五.特定生產方式

本(ben)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)內容(rong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)表述影響登記(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)、特(te)(te)(te)(te)色形(xing)成和(he)保持(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)(te)定(ding)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)方(fang)(fang)式： （1）產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇與(yu)特(te)(te)(te)(te)殊內容(rong)規定(ding)：對土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)并(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)嚴格(ge)，除(chu)過酸或(huo)過堿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)以(yi)外(wai)，一般(ban)都能(neng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)，但是(shi)光(guang)照不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)(zu)、易(yi)旱(han)易(yi)漬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)宜(yi)栽(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。選(xuan)擇遠離污染(ran)源(yuan)并(bing)具(ju)(ju)有(you)可(ke)持(chi)續生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)區域，產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)條件(jian)符合(he)(he)《無(wu)公害(hai)(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin) 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)業產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)條件(jian)》（NY T 5010-2016）標準，以(yi)沙質(zhi)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)含(han)腐(fu)植(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)最(zui)好(hao)(hao)(hao)，尤其(qi)是(shi)地(di)(di)勢平坦、陽光(guang)充足(zu)(zu)(zu)、質(zhi)地(di)(di)疏松、便于(yu)排灌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)更有(you)利于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)準使用(yong)(yong)(yong)工業廢棄物、城市垃圾和(he)污泥；不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得使用(yong)(yong)(yong)未(wei)經發(fa)酵腐(fu)熟、未(wei)達(da)到無(wu)害(hai)(hai)化(hua)指(zhi)標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人畜(chu)糞(fen)便等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)料，防止污染(ran)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)。 （2）品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇與(yu)特(te)(te)(te)(te)定(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)：桐(tong)柏香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)栽(zai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)“桐(tong)柏紅(hong)油椿(chun)”植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)高(gao)約90--150cm左(zuo)右，雌(ci)雄異(yi)株(zhu)，葉(xie)呈偶數羽(yu)狀復(fu)葉(xie)，葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)幼(you)嫩(nen)是(shi)紅(hong)褐色，具(ju)(ju)有(you)濃郁香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)味，圓錐(zhui)花序(xu)，兩性花白(bai)色，果實是(shi)橢圓形(xing)蒴(shuo)果，翅(chi)狀種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子可(ke)以(yi)繁殖(zhi)(zhi)。具(ju)(ju)有(you)適(shi)應性強(qiang)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)高(gao)，抗(kang)旱(han)、抗(kang)澇、抗(kang)風、抗(kang)病(bing)蟲(chong)能(neng)力強(qiang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)特(te)(te)(te)(te)點(dian)(dian)。 （3）生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理：桐(tong)柏香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包括整地(di)(di)、繁殖(zhi)(zhi)、田(tian)(tian)間(jian)管(guan)理、病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)防治(zhi)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)收獲(huo)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)步驟。具(ju)(ju)體如下(xia)： ①整地(di)(di) 整地(di)(di)要(yao)(yao)(yao)深(shen)(shen)耕(geng)、耙(pa)平、作(zuo)(zuo)畦(qi)。于(yu)當年(nian)春季3月下(xia)旬--4月上旬進行(xing)(xing)(xing)。一般(ban)應作(zuo)(zuo)成0.5m--1m寬(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畦(qi)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)好(hao)(hao)(hao)排灌水溝，便于(yu)排灌。 ②繁殖(zhi)(zhi) 香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁殖(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)(fen)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁殖(zhi)(zhi)和(he)矮(ai)化(hua)密(mi)(mi)(mi)植(zhi)(zhi)兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)栽(zai)培(pei)：播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁殖(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)由(you)于(yu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子發(fa)芽(ya)(ya)率較(jiao)低，播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)將(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子在(zai)(zai)30--35℃溫水中(zhong)浸泡(pao)24小時(shi)(shi)(shi)，撈起后(hou)(hou)，置(zhi)于(yu)25℃環(huan)境(jing)催芽(ya)(ya)。至胚(pei)根露出米粒大小時(shi)(shi)(shi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)溫在(zai)(zai)5℃以(yi)上)一般(ban)在(zai)(zai)3月上中(zhong)旬。出苗(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)，2--3片(pian)(pian)(pian)葉(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)苗(miao)(miao)，4--5片(pian)(pian)(pian)葉(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)定(ding)苗(miao)(miao)，株(zhu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)距為(wei)60x80cm。 矮(ai)化(hua)密(mi)(mi)(mi)植(zhi)(zhi)栽(zai)培(pei)：這是(shi)近(jin)年(nian)來發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)栽(zai)培(pei)方(fang)(fang)式，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)育苗(miao)(miao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)與(yu)普通裁培(pei)相同(tong)，一般(ban)每(mei)666．7m2栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)1300株(zhu)左(zuo)右。樹型(xing)(xing)可(ke)按(an)照叢生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)型(xing)(xing)培(pei)養，在(zai)(zai)苗(miao)(miao)高(gao)1m左(zuo)右時(shi)(shi)(shi)即去頂梢(shao)，新(xin)發(fa)枝(zhi)只(zhi)采嫩(nen)葉(xie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)去頂芽(ya)(ya)，待(dai)枝(zhi)長(chang)20--30cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)再(zai)抹頭。特(te)(te)(te)(te)點(dian)(dian)是(shi)樹干較(jiao)矮(ai)，分(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)較(jiao)多(duo)(duo)。 ③田(tian)(tian)間(jian)管(guan)理 間(jian)苗(miao)(miao)補苗(miao)(miao)：為(wei)了獲(huo)得高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)，田(tian)(tian)間(jian)留苗(miao)(miao)必須(xu)保持(chi)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)。密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)過大，分(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)下(xia)部(bu)葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)易(yi)脫(tuo)落(luo)；密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)過小，基本(ben)苗(miao)(miao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)(zu)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)受到限(xian)制。因此一定(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)勻(yun)密(mi)(mi)(mi)補稀工作(zuo)(zuo)，一般(ban)每(mei)畝留苗(miao)(miao)1300株(zhu)，株(zhu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)距為(wei)60x80cm。 中(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)草(cao)：早(zao)春氣(qi)溫較(jiao)低，雜草(cao)發(fa)芽(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)，應抓住有(you)利墑(di)情(qing)，淺中(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)草(cao)2次--3次。近(jin)根部(bu)宜(yi)淺鋤(chu)，行(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)可(ke)略深(shen)(shen)些，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)傷(shang)及干根。通過中(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)草(cao)，減少土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)水分(fen)(fen)、養分(fen)(fen)消耗，提高(gao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)溫，改(gai)善土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)通氣(qi) 條件(jian)，促進生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。頭茬香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)收獲(huo)后(hou)(hou)，淺鋤(chu)1遍，清除(chu)雜草(cao)，利于(yu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。 施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)：基肥(fei)(fei)：每(mei)畝用(yong)(yong)(yong)腐(fu)熟細碎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)500kg，或(huo)三元復(fu)合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)20kg開(kai)穴施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)，使香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)苗(miao)(miao)有(you)足(zu)(zu)(zu)夠(gou)養料供應，健(jian)壯生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。分(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)肥(fei)(fei)：立夏前(qian)后(hou)(hou)，氣(qi)溫上升，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)速度(du)加快，光(guang)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)旺(wang)盛，葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)增多(duo)(duo)，枝(zhi)條開(kai)始分(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)，應重施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一次分(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)肥(fei)(fei)，并(bing)要(yao)(yao)(yao)氮、磷、鉀肥(fei)(fei)配合(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，一般(ban)畝用(yong)(yong)(yong)優(you)質(zhi)復(fu)合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)25kg，雨前(qian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)開(kai)穴或(huo)開(kai)溝施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)。化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)一定(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)露水干后(hou)(hou)或(huo)雨前(qian)葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)上無(wu)水時(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，以(yi)防肥(fei)(fei)料粘到葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)上，灼傷(shang)葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)單(dan)純重施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)氮素(su)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)，以(yi)防莖(jing)葉(xie)徒長(chang)，影響嫩(nen)芽(ya)(ya)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)。速效(xiao)肥(fei)(fei)宜(yi)在(zai)(zai)嫩(nen)芽(ya)(ya)收獲(huo)前(qian)15--20d施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。 水份管(guan)理：香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)嫩(nen)芽(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)充足(zu)(zu)(zu)水分(fen)(fen)，如遇天旱(han)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)干燥，嫩(nen)芽(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)緩慢，須(xu)采取澆水措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。澆水宜(yi)在(zai)(zai)早(zao)、晚進行(xing)(xing)(xing)，做(zuo)(zuo)到無(wu)積(ji)水為(wei)宜(yi)。 摘(zhai)心：植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)稀疏，密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)(zu)，在(zai)(zai)5月份中(zhong)午晴天摘(zhai)去頂心，從(cong)頂上二(er)層幼(you)葉(xie)摘(zhai)去，并(bing)追施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)1次速效(xiao)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)，促進新(xin)芽(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。 ④病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)防治(zhi)：香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)有(you)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)毛蟲(chong)、云(yun)斑天牛、草(cao)履介(jie)殼蟲(chong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)滅幼(you)脲(niao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)農(nong)藥防治(zhi)；病(bing)害(hai)(hai)有(you)葉(xie)銹病(bing)、白(bai)粉病(bing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)波爾(er)多(duo)(duo)液、石硫合(he)(he)劑等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)藥劑防治(zhi)。防治(zhi)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)貫徹預防為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、綜合(he)(he)防治(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則。 （4）產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)收獲(huo)及產(chan)(chan)(chan)后(hou)(hou)處(chu)(chu)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)：選(xuan)晴天上午10時(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)--下(xia)午3時(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)采收。徒手掰下(xia)嫩(nen)芽(ya)(ya)，15--20個(ge)嫩(nen)芽(ya)(ya)集中(zhong)扎(zha)成小把，捆(kun)扎(zha)時(shi)(shi)(shi)基部(bu)對齊，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)暴曬。忌雨淋和(he)夜(ye)露，外(wai)加包裝貯(zhu)運，放陰涼干燥處(chu)(chu)，防受潮發(fa)霉。 （5）生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)：在(zai)(zai)整個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，設專人做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)以(yi)下(xia)記(ji)錄：生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)點(dian)(dian)、農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名(ming)稱(cheng)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)耕(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)名(ming)稱(cheng)、方(fang)(fang)式、時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)量(liang)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)藥名(ming)稱(cheng)、方(fang)(fang)式、時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥量(liang)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)收獲(huo)、倉儲(chu)、銷售等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日期(qi)、方(fang)(fang)式、數量(liang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。