一.產品介紹
“桐(tong)柏香椿(chun)”產(chan)自南陽桐(tong)柏,葉(xie)厚芽嫩,綠葉(xie)紅邊,色如瑪瑙,香味濃郁,營養豐富,被譽為“山中珍品(pin)”。香椿(chun)是(shi)桐(tong)柏的(de)鄉土樹(shu)種(zhong),當地在漢代(dai)即開始廣泛種(zhong)植(zhi),香椿(chun)在可供食用的(de)同時(shi),也是(shi)園林綠化和保(bao)持水土的(de)優良樹(shu)種(zhong),具有良好的(de)生態效益、經(jing)濟效益和社會效益,現已成(cheng)為老區農民增(zeng)收致富的(de)新渠(qu)道。
桐(tong)(tong)柏(bo)縣(xian)(xian)位于千(qian)里淮(huai)河之源,桐(tong)(tong)柏(bo)山腹地,是我(wo)國南北氣候(hou)過渡帶,具有得天獨厚的(de)生(sheng)態優勢和(he)自然條(tiao)件,適宜發(fa)(fa)展香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)種植(zhi)。近年(nian)來,隨著(zhu)市場(chang)需求的(de)不斷加(jia)大(da),作為高效(xiao)特色經濟(ji)作物,香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)得到進一步保護和(he)開發(fa)(fa),栽培水平(ping)和(he)加(jia)工工藝不斷提升,種植(zhi)規模(mo)不斷擴大(da)。該(gai)(gai)縣(xian)(xian)由淮(huai)源生(sheng)態香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)產(chan)(chan)業協(xie)會牽(qian)頭(tou),對(dui)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)實施了標(biao)準化(hua)種植(zhi),產(chan)(chan)業化(hua)加(jia)工,品牌(pai)化(hua)經營(ying),已開發(fa)(fa)出“香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)茶”、“香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)醬”等(deng)特色產(chan)(chan)品熱(re)銷北京、上海、山東(dong)等(deng)多個省市。目前(qian),該(gai)(gai)縣(xian)(xian)已建成500畝以上標(biao)準化(hua)基地7個,發(fa)(fa)展香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)種植(zhi)面積11000余畝,年(nian)產(chan)(chan)值達5000多萬元,帶動3000多名老區貧困(kun)農民實現脫貧致(zhi)富。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)貌情(qing)況:斜(xie)貫全(quan)(quan)境的(de)(de)(de)桐(tong)柏山(shan)(shan)是(shi)(shi)構成全(quan)(quan)縣地(di)貌的(de)(de)(de)骨(gu)架,主脈(mo)沿線山(shan)(shan)高谷深,溝窄坡(po)陡,主峰太(tai)(tai)白頂海拔1140m,雄偉壯觀。余(yu)脈(mo)伸至中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)、北部(bu)和(he)東(dong)北部(bu),呈(cheng)指狀(zhuang)放射(she),形成大面(mian)積(ji)(ji)淺山(shan)(shan)和(he)丘(qiu)陵,800多(duo)個(ge)山(shan)(shan)嶺(ling),700多(duo)條(tiao)崗(gang)丘(qiu)相(xiang)接相(xiang)連(lian)遍布(bu)(bu)(bu)全(quan)(quan)縣。地(di)勢東(dong)南較高,中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)突(tu)起,東(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩側漸低,山(shan)(shan)、崗(gang)、丘(qiu)、平(ping)(ping)交(jiao)(jiao)錯分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu),平(ping)(ping)均海拔500m左(zuo)右(you),素有(you)(you)“七山(shan)(shan)一水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)二(er)分(fen)(fen)(fen)田”之稱。全(quan)(quan)縣共(gong)有(you)(you)3個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)類,9個(ge)亞類,18個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu),74個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)種。其中(zhong)(zhong)黃(huang)(huang)棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)最(zui)大,主要(yao)(yao)(yao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)低山(shan)(shan)、丘(qiu)陵、緩崗(gang),占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)縣土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)82.8%,是(shi)(shi)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)林業(ye)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)。成土(tu)(tu)(tu)母巖為(wei)花(hua)崗(gang)巖、片麻巖,包括黃(huang)(huang)棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)、黃(huang)(huang)褐(he)(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)粗骨(gu)性黃(huang)(huang)棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)、粗骨(gu)性黃(huang)(huang)褐(he)(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)4個(ge)亞類;潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)類主要(yao)(yao)(yao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)三夾河、淮河及其支流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)沿岸(an)(an),占(zhan)總(zong) 面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)3.32%;水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)山(shan)(shan)間(jian)盆地(di)河流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)兩岸(an)(an)洼地(di),占(zhan)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)13.87%,是(shi)(shi)種植業(ye)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)(de)主體(ti)。 (2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況:桐(tong)柏縣分(fen)(fen)(fen)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)淮河、長江(jiang)兩大水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi),以淮源鎮固廟村的(de)(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)嶺(ling)和(he)大河鎮土(tu)(tu)(tu)門村的(de)(de)(de)新坡(po)嶺(ling)一線為(wei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)嶺(ling),以東(dong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)淮河流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu),面(mian)積(ji)(ji)1320km2,以西(xi)(xi)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)長江(jiang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu),面(mian)積(ji)(ji)621km2。縣內河流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)交(jiao)(jiao)錯,澗溪(xi)密布(bu)(bu)(bu),共(gong)有(you)(you)大小河流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)58條(tiao),其中(zhong)(zhong)淮河流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)32條(tiao),長江(jiang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)26條(tiao)。流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)在(zai)100km2以上的(de)(de)(de)河流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)9條(tiao),屬(shu)(shu)(shu)于淮河水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)5條(tiao),屬(shu)(shu)(shu)于長江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)4條(tiao)。縣內共(gong)有(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)小型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫79座,總(zong)庫容(rong)量11508萬m3。庫容(rong)量大于1000萬m3的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫有(you)(you)趙莊水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫、二(er)郎山(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫,另有(you)(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電灌(guan)站60余(yu)處。全(quan)(quan)縣地(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)總(zong)量年均7.56億m3,地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)約(yue)0.5億m3,地(di)表徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)可利用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量約(yue)2.6億m3,現狀(zhuang)利用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量約(yue)1.8億m3,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源較為(wei)豐富,灌(guan)溉(gai)條(tiao)件良好。 (3)氣候情(qing)況:桐(tong)柏縣地(di)處北亞熱帶北部(bu)邊緣,屬(shu)(shu)(shu)季(ji)風型(xing)大陸性半濕潤(run)(run)氣候,兼有(you)(you)亞熱帶和(he)暖溫(wen)帶氣候特點,四季(ji)分(fen)(fen)(fen)明,溫(wen)暖濕潤(run)(run),雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)適中(zhong)(zhong)。年平(ping)(ping)均日照時(shi)數2027小時(shi),年均太(tai)(tai)陽總(zong)輻(fu)射(she)量112.06千(qian)卡/cm2,光合有(you)(you)效輻(fu)射(she)54.91千(qian)卡/cm2。年平(ping)(ping)均氣溫(wen)15℃,≥10℃的(de)(de)(de)活動積(ji)(ji)溫(wen)4811℃,無霜期211--231天,年降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量933--1181mm,年均相(xiang)對濕度74%,對林木(mu)生長十分(fen)(fen)(fen)有(you)(you)利。橫貫東(dong)西(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)桐(tong)柏山(shan)(shan)中(zhong)(zhong),野生香椿(chun)數不勝數。
三.地域范圍
全縣(xian)以淺山(shan)、丘(qiu)陵為(wei)主(zhu),地(di)處東(dong)經113°00′--113°49′,北(bei)緯32°17′--32°43′之間,東(dong)西(xi)長約76.1km,南北(bei)寬約49.3km,土地(di)總面(mian)積1915km2。東(dong)與信陽(yang)市(shi)平橋(qiao)區接壤,西(xi)同(tong)南陽(yang)市(shi)唐河縣(xian)相連,北(bei)和駐馬店的泌陽(yang)、確山(shan)為(wei)鄰,南與湖北(bei)省(sheng)的棗陽(yang)、隨州交界。桐柏香椿(Toona sinensis)地(di)域保(bao)護范圍包括回龍(long)、淮源鎮等14個(ge)鄉鎮(園區),33個(ge)行政(zheng)村,保(bao)護區域面(mian)積10.029萬畝,年(nian)產量(liang)1.25萬噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)外在感(gan)官特(te)征:“桐柏(bo)香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)”芽(ya)肥葉厚,色澤紫紅,香(xiang)(xiang)脆可口,氣味濃郁。 (2)內(nei)在品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)指標:據農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量監督檢驗(yan)測(ce)試中心(鄭(zheng)州)等(deng)單位對(dui)桐柏(bo)香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)的檢測(ce)結果顯示:含蛋白質(zhi)7.05--7.08g/100g,維生(sheng)素B10.0286--0.0326mg/100g、維生(sheng)素C38.2--38.6mg/100g、鉀(jia)5.05--5.56*103mg/kg、鈉(na)6.3--6.8mg/kg。 (3)安全(quan)要求:產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)境必須符合《無公(gong)害農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin) 種植(zhi)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)境條件(jian)》(NY T 5010-2016)標準,禁止(zhi)使用未依法登記和國家明令禁止(zhi)使用的農(nong)業(ye)投入品(pin)(pin),推(tui)行(xing)標準化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan),切實(shi)保障香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)質(zhi)量安全(quan)。
五.特定生產方式
本部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)內容主(zhu)要表述影響登記產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)、特(te)(te)(te)色形成和(he)(he)保持的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)方(fang)式(shi): (1)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)與特(te)(te)(te)殊內容規定(ding)(ding)(ding):對土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤要求(qiu)并(bing)不(bu)(bu)嚴格,除(chu)過(guo)酸或(huo)過(guo)堿的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤以(yi)外,一(yi)般(ban)(ban)都能種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),但(dan)是(shi)光(guang)照不(bu)(bu)足、易旱(han)易漬的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)宜栽(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。選(xuan)擇(ze)遠離污染源并(bing)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)(ke)持續(xu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)能力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)域(yu),產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)條件(jian)符合《無公害(hai)(hai)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin) 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)業產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)條件(jian)》(NY T 5010-2016)標準(zhun),以(yi)沙質(zhi)壤土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、壤土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)含(han)腐植(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤最好,尤其是(shi)地(di)(di)勢平(ping)坦、陽光(guang)充(chong)足、質(zhi)地(di)(di)疏(shu)松、便于(yu)排灌(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤更有(you)(you)(you)利于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)準(zhun)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)工業廢棄物、城市垃圾和(he)(he)污泥;不(bu)(bu)得使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)未(wei)經發(fa)酵腐熟、未(wei)達(da)到無害(hai)(hai)化(hua)(hua)指標的(de)(de)(de)(de)人畜(chu)糞便等(deng)有(you)(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao),防(fang)(fang)止污染產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)。 (2)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze)與特(te)(te)(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)要求(qiu):桐(tong)柏(bo)(bo)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)主(zhu)栽(zai)(zai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)“桐(tong)柏(bo)(bo)紅油椿(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)”植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)高(gao)約90--150cm左右(you),雌雄異株(zhu)(zhu),葉(xie)(xie)呈(cheng)偶數(shu)羽(yu)狀復葉(xie)(xie),葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)幼嫩(nen)是(shi)紅褐(he)色,具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)濃郁(yu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)味(wei),圓(yuan)錐(zhui)花(hua)序(xu),兩(liang)性(xing)花(hua)白色,果(guo)實是(shi)橢圓(yuan)形蒴果(guo),翅狀種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)繁(fan)殖。具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)適應(ying)性(xing)強(qiang)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)量高(gao),抗(kang)旱(han)、抗(kang)澇、抗(kang)風、抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)蟲能力(li)強(qiang)等(deng)特(te)(te)(te)點(dian)(dian)。 (3)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程管理:桐(tong)柏(bo)(bo)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程包括整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)、繁(fan)殖、田間(jian)管理、病(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)收獲(huo)等(deng)步驟。具(ju)體(ti)如下(xia): ①整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di) 整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)要深(shen)耕(geng)、耙(pa)平(ping)、作(zuo)(zuo)畦。于(yu)當年春季3月下(xia)旬(xun)--4月上(shang)旬(xun)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)。一(yi)般(ban)(ban)應(ying)作(zuo)(zuo)成0.5m--1m寬的(de)(de)(de)(de)畦,同時(shi)(shi)開(kai)好排灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溝(gou)(gou),便于(yu)排灌(guan)。 ②繁(fan)殖 香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)繁(fan)殖分(fen)(fen)(fen)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)殖和(he)(he)矮(ai)(ai)化(hua)(hua)密(mi)植(zhi)(zhi)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei):播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)殖的(de)(de)(de)(de)由(you)于(yu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子發(fa)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)率較(jiao)低,播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前,要將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子在30--35℃溫水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)浸(jin)泡24小時(shi)(shi),撈起后(hou),置(zhi)于(yu)25℃環(huan)境(jing)催芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。至(zhi)胚(pei)根露出(chu)(chu)米(mi)粒大小時(shi)(shi)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)溫在5℃以(yi)上(shang))一(yi)般(ban)(ban)在3月上(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)。出(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou),2--3片(pian)葉(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao),4--5片(pian)葉(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)苗(miao)(miao)(miao),株(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)(xing)距(ju)為(wei)(wei)60x80cm。 矮(ai)(ai)化(hua)(hua)密(mi)植(zhi)(zhi)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei):這是(shi)近年來(lai)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)方(fang)式(shi),它的(de)(de)(de)(de)育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)方(fang)法與普通裁培(pei)相(xiang)同,一(yi)般(ban)(ban)每666.7m2栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)1300株(zhu)(zhu)左右(you)。樹型(xing)可(ke)(ke)(ke)按照叢生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)型(xing)培(pei)養,在苗(miao)(miao)(miao)高(gao)1m左右(you)時(shi)(shi)即(ji)去頂(ding)梢,新發(fa)枝(zhi)(zhi)只采(cai)嫩(nen)葉(xie)(xie)不(bu)(bu)去頂(ding)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),待枝(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)20--30cm時(shi)(shi)再抹(mo)頭。特(te)(te)(te)點(dian)(dian)是(shi)樹干較(jiao)矮(ai)(ai),分(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)多。 ③田間(jian)管理 間(jian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)補苗(miao)(miao)(miao):為(wei)(wei)了獲(huo)得高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan),田間(jian)留(liu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)必須保持一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)。密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)過(guo)大,分(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)部(bu)(bu)葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)易脫(tuo)落;密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)過(guo)小,基本苗(miao)(miao)(miao)不(bu)(bu)足,產(chan)(chan)(chan)量受(shou)到限制。因此一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)要做(zuo)好勻密(mi)補稀工作(zuo)(zuo),一(yi)般(ban)(ban)每畝(mu)留(liu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)1300株(zhu)(zhu),株(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)(xing)距(ju)為(wei)(wei)60x80cm。 中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)草:早春氣(qi)溫較(jiao)低,雜(za)草發(fa)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang),應(ying)抓住有(you)(you)(you)利墑情,淺中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)草2次--3次。近根部(bu)(bu)宜淺鋤(chu),行(xing)(xing)間(jian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)略(lve)深(shen)些,不(bu)(bu)能傷(shang)及干根。通過(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)草,減少土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)、養分(fen)(fen)(fen)消(xiao)耗(hao),提(ti)高(gao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)溫,改善土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤通氣(qi) 條件(jian),促進(jin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。頭茬香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)收獲(huo)后(hou),淺鋤(chu)1遍,清除(chu)雜(za)草,利于(yu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。 施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):每畝(mu)用(yong)(yong)腐熟細碎的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)500kg,或(huo)三元復合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)20kg開(kai)穴施(shi)入(ru),使(shi)(shi)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)有(you)(you)(you)足夠養料(liao)供應(ying),健壯生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。分(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):立夏前后(hou),氣(qi)溫上(shang)升,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)速度(du)(du)(du)(du)加快(kuai),光(guang)合作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)旺盛,葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)增多,枝(zhi)(zhi)條開(kai)始(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi),應(ying)重施(shi)一(yi)次分(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),并(bing)要氮、磷、鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)配合施(shi)用(yong)(yong),一(yi)般(ban)(ban)畝(mu)用(yong)(yong)優質(zhi)復合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)25kg,雨前行(xing)(xing)間(jian)開(kai)穴或(huo)開(kai)溝(gou)(gou)施(shi)入(ru)。化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)要露水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)干后(hou)或(huo)雨前葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)上(shang)無水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi)(shi)施(shi)用(yong)(yong),以(yi)防(fang)(fang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)粘到葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)上(shang),灼傷(shang)葉(xie)(xie)片(pian),不(bu)(bu)能單純重施(shi)氮素化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),以(yi)防(fang)(fang)莖葉(xie)(xie)徒(tu)長(chang)(chang)(chang),影響嫩(nen)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量。速效肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)宜在嫩(nen)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)收獲(huo)前15--20d施(shi)。 水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)份(fen)管理:香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)嫩(nen)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期需要充(chong)足水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen),如遇天(tian)旱(han),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤干燥,嫩(nen)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)緩慢,須采(cai)取澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)措施(shi)。澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)宜在早、晚進(jin)行(xing)(xing),做(zuo)到無積(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)(wei)宜。 摘心(xin):植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)稀疏(shu),密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)足,在5月份(fen)中(zhong)(zhong)午晴天(tian)摘去頂(ding)心(xin),從頂(ding)上(shang)二層幼葉(xie)(xie)摘去,并(bing)追施(shi)1次速效化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),促進(jin)新芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。 ④病(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)蟲害(hai)(hai)有(you)(you)(you)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)毛蟲、云斑天(tian)牛、草履(lv)介殼蟲等(deng),可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)滅幼脲(niao)等(deng)農藥防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi);病(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)有(you)(you)(you)葉(xie)(xie)銹病(bing)(bing)、白粉(fen)病(bing)(bing)等(deng),可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)波(bo)爾(er)多液、石硫合劑等(deng)藥劑防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法貫(guan)徹預防(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)、綜(zong)合防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則。 (4)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)收獲(huo)及產(chan)(chan)(chan)后(hou)處理的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)(ding):選(xuan)晴天(tian)上(shang)午10時(shi)(shi)前--下(xia)午3時(shi)(shi)后(hou)采(cai)收。徒(tu)手掰下(xia)嫩(nen)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),15--20個嫩(nen)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)集中(zhong)(zhong)扎成小把(ba),捆(kun)扎時(shi)(shi)基部(bu)(bu)對齊(qi),不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)暴(bao)曬。忌雨淋和(he)(he)夜露,外加包裝貯運,放陰涼干燥處,防(fang)(fang)受(shou)潮發(fa)霉。 (5)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)記錄要求(qiu):在整(zheng)(zheng)個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong),設專人做(zuo)好以(yi)下(xia)記錄:生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)點(dian)(dian)、農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)名(ming)稱,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤耕(geng)作(zuo)(zuo),施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)名(ming)稱、方(fang)式(shi)、時(shi)(shi)間(jian)、施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量,施(shi)用(yong)(yong)農藥名(ming)稱、方(fang)式(shi)、時(shi)(shi)間(jian)、施(shi)用(yong)(yong)藥量,產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)收獲(huo)、倉儲(chu)、銷售等(deng)項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)日期、方(fang)式(shi)、數(shu)量等(deng)。