玄妙觀
全國重點文物保護(hu)單位。位于(yu)湖北(bei)(bei)省荊州(zhou)市(shi)中心城區荊北(bei)(bei)路(lu),小北(bei)(bei)門內西側(ce),北(bei)(bei)靠城墻。是荊州(zhou)市(shi)著名的文物旅游(you)景點和游(you)覽勝地(di)。始建于(yu)唐開元(yuan)年(nian)間。玄妙觀名稱曾多(duo)次變更。
公元一(yi)○○九年(nian),宋真宗(zong)下詔更(geng)名天(tian)慶觀(guan)。公元一(yi)二九七年(nian),元成宗(zong)復改(gai)為(wei)玄妙(miao)觀(guan)。公元一(yi)三三九年(nian),元順帝賜題“九老仙都宮”。清(qing)代為(wei)避(bi)清(qing)圣(sheng)祖(zu)康熙皇帝玄燁之諱,改(gai)名為(wei)元妙(miao)觀(guan)。
古(gu)觀(guan)原由山(shan)門和(he)六座殿(dian)(dian)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)組(zu)成(cheng)。六殿(dian)(dian)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)分(fen)別(bie)名為(wei)(wei)(wei)四圣(sheng)殿(dian)(dian)、三(san)清(qing)殿(dian)(dian)、玉(yu)皇(huang)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)、玄武(wu)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)、圣(sheng)母殿(dian)(dian)和(he)梓(zi)(zi)潼殿(dian)(dian)。前四殿(dian)(dian)依次成(cheng)直線排列。四殿(dian)(dian)中最后(hou)一(yi)殿(dian)(dian)玄武(wu)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)置(zhi)于高(gao)臺,臺東為(wei)(wei)(wei)圣(sheng)母殿(dian)(dian),臺西(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)梓(zi)(zi)潼殿(dian)(dian)(供梓(zi)(zi)潼帝君)。后(hou)來剩下三(san)重建筑(zhu),前為(wei)(wei)(wei)玉(yu)皇(huang)閣(ge)(ge)(ge),中為(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)天門,后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)于崇臺之(zhi)上的(de)玄武(wu)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)(又名紫皇(huang)寶殿(dian)(dian)),均為(wei)(wei)(wei)明代(dai)萬歷十二年(nian)(公元(yuan)一(yi)五(wu)八四年(nian))重建。玉(yu)皇(huang)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)重建時作(zuo)了擴建,面(mian)闊三(san)間,進(jin)深三(san)間,略呈正方形(xing),有(you)三(san)重飛(fei)檐,每層檐下施有(you)玲瓏美(mei)觀(guan)的(de)斗拱(gong)。三(san)重檐由大而小,狀(zhuang)似三(san)層塔形(xing)。屋頂為(wei)(wei)(wei)鉆尖(jian)式(shi),托一(yi)帶尖(jian)頂的(de)青銅蓮花座,直刺(ci)云(yun)天,猶如盛開(kai)于天際的(de)金蓮。鉆尖(jian)頂上題(ti)有(you)“大明萬歷庚辰吉旦”數(shu)字。屋面(mian)蓋黃、綠二色琉璃瓦,金光閃閃,與(yu)后(hou)面(mian)高(gao)聳于崇臺上的(de)玄武(wu)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)相互輝(hui)映,十分(fen)壯美(mei)。玉(yu)皇(huang)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)前,豎有(you)一(yi)塊高(gao)大的(de)石碑(bei),為(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)順帝至(zhi)正三(san)年(nian)(公元(yuan)一(yi)三(san)四三(san)年(nian))所(suo)立,名為(wei)(wei)(wei)“九老(lao)仙都(dou)宮記(ji)”碑(bei)。根(gen)據碑(bei)文敘述,元(yuan)順帝當時封觀(guan)內主持道人(ren)唐洞(dong)云(yun)(道號(hao)元(yuan)靜真人(ren))為(wei)(wei)(wei)八仙之(zhi)后(hou)第九仙,玄妙觀(guan)因而改名“九老(lao)仙都(dou)宮”。碑(bei)文為(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)代(dai)著名的(de)洞(dong)庭學(xue)士歐陽元(yuan)撰寫,元(yuan)代(dai)大書法家危素手(shou)書。字體為(wei)(wei)(wei)楷(kai)書,陰文,字跡清(qing)晰,筆力遒勁,是一(yi)件珍貴文物。 ?
太暉觀
全國重(zhong)點(dian)文物保護(hu)單位。位于湖(hu)北(bei)省荊(jing)州市荊(jing)州城西門外太暉山上,距荊(jing)州市3公(gong)里。。是文物旅游(you)景點(dian)和游(you)覽(lan)勝地。太暉觀原是明(ming)代湘獻王朱柏(bo)(bo)所營建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)王宮(gong),于洪武二十六年(公(gong)元一三九三年)開始(shi)興建(jian)。朱柏(bo)(bo)建(jian)造這所王宮(gong),在(zai)規模(mo)和裝(zhuang)飾方面都超(chao)過(guo)了當時所規定的(de)(de)(de)等級建(jian)制(如雕(diao)有盤龍的(de)(de)(de)石柱),即將竣(jun)工時被人告(gao)發,說他有反(fan)逆之心。朱柏(bo)(bo)恐懼,將王宮(gong)改(gai)為(wei)道觀,名曰:“太暉”。崇禎八(ba)年曾(ceng)重(zhong)修,有“遍數琳宮(gong),獨此(ci)雄甲荊(jing)楚”的(de)(de)(de)美譽。
太暉觀坐北朝(chao)南,殿(dian)(dian)宇壯偉,樓閣玲(ling)瓏,金(jin)碧(bi)輝煌。前為(wei)山門,兩(liang)旁建有(you)(you)鐘鼓(gu)樓,進而為(wei)前后(hou)排列的(de)四大(da)(da)天王廟(miao)、玉皇亭(ting)、觀音(yin)殿(dian)(dian)。觀音(yin)殿(dian)(dian)兩(liang)側(ce)有(you)(you)東西(xi)兩(liang)大(da)(da)宮。東大(da)(da)宮后(hou)有(you)(you)娘娘殿(dian)(dian)、圣母殿(dian)(dian);西(xi)大(da)(da)宮后(hou)有(you)(you)王母殿(dian)(dian)。經觀音(yin)殿(dian)(dian)入朝(chao)圣門,進祖(zu)師頂。現存建筑(zhu)有(you)(you)朝(chao)圣門、祖(zu)師殿(dian)(dian),建在條石(shi)砌成的(de)高臺(tai)上,臺(tai)高八(ba)點(dian)二米,正(zheng)面和(he)兩(liang)側(ce)共有(you)(you)石(shi)梯三(san)道。登朝(chao)圣門,得爬(pa)三(san)十二級(ji)石(shi)階梯。階梯兩(liang)旁有(you)(you)青(qing)石(shi)欄(lan)桿,欄(lan)板上雕刻著各種(zhong)人物故事(shi)圖案,妙趣橫生(sheng)。祖(zu)師頂四周,設有(you)(you)兩(liang)米多高的(de)圍墻(qiang),圍墻(qiang)上鑲嵌(qian)大(da)(da)小五百靈官,千姿百態。大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)原(yuan)蓋銅瓦(wa),金(jin)光(guang)閃耀,有(you)(you)“小金(jin)頂”之(zhi)稱。殿(dian)(dian)堂廊(lang)宇四周,豎(shu)有(you)(you)十二根青(qing)石(shi)廊(lang)柱,其中正(zheng)面四根與背面二根透雕蟠(pan)(pan)龍(long),龍(long)頭(tou)伸出(chu)柱面,鱗甲片片,狀(zhuang)若正(zheng)在蟠(pan)(pan)游。殿(dian)(dian)內雕梁畫棟,彩(cai)繪滿布,觸目生(sheng)輝。殿(dian)(dian)后(hou)一泓(hong)清池,碧(bi)波粼粼。四周蒼松翠柏,暗(an)日迷(mi)禽。觀前流(liu)水縈繞,倒(dao)影綽約多姿。從前“每當春暮,游人四布,林野百戲競陳,金(jin)翠歌謳,歡連宵(xiao)旦。”四時游人前來,“相攜素侶(lv)盡忘(wang)饑(ji),雙槳搖風(feng)入翠微”盡情游賞,留連忘(wang)返(fan)。
開元觀
全國(guo)重點(dian)文物保護單位。位于(yu)湖北(bei)省荊州市中(zhong)心城區荊西路。是文物旅游(you)景點(dian)和(he)游(you)覽勝(sheng)地(di)。始建于(yu)唐(tang)開(kai)元年(公元713至741年)間,故名開(kai)元觀。其現(xian)存建筑為明清兩(liang)代重建,共有三重殿(dian),前為雷祖殿(dian)、中(zhong)為三清殿(dian)、后(hou)(hou)為祖師殿(dian)。后(hou)(hou)殿(dian)建于(yu)高臺之上(shang),前有天(tian)門,門樓精巧,頂檐兩(liang)端裝飾有蟠龍(long)一對。祖師殿(dian)飛(fei)閣(ge)數(shu)重且雕飾有龍(long)頭,象征降龍(long)伏虎(hu)的兩(liang)把(ba)寶劍,分別刺入兩(liang)個(ge)龍(long)頭。殿(dian)內(nei)正中(zhong)上(shang)方繪有五(wu)色(se)龍(long)鳳,形態栩栩如生。觀內(nei)現(xian)存有明清碑刻、銅鐘等文物。雷祖殿(dian)旁陳列的特大型馬(ma)槽和(he)大鐵(tie)鍋傳說為關羽和(he)曹操(cao)所(suo)用(yong)。