遺址概況
府城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)位(wei)于河南(nan)省焦(jiao)作(zuo)市西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)郊10公里處(chu)的(de)(de)府城(cheng)(cheng)村西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北部的(de)(de)臺地上,東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)走向(xiang)長(chang)(chang)約280米(mi)(mi),南(nan)北走向(xiang)長(chang)(chang)約300米(mi)(mi),面積近10萬平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。是(shi)一處(chu)底蘊豐(feng)厚、內涵(han)豐(feng)富、集多個(ge)(ge)歷史(shi)時期的(de)(de)文化(hua)遺(yi)址(zhi)。 該遺(yi)址(zhi)的(de)(de)重要(yao)部分(fen)(fen)是(shi)早(zao)商(shang)(shang)文化(hua)遺(yi)存,分(fen)(fen)布(bu)于遺(yi)址(zhi)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)部,目前(qian)已經(jing)(jing)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)遺(yi)跡有城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)、宮殿(dian)(dian)基(ji)址(zhi)、房(fang)基(ji)、灰坑等。城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)平(ping)面成方(fang)形(xing),周長(chang)(chang)約1200米(mi)(mi),西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)和(he)北城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)保(bao)存較好(hao),長(chang)(chang)度(du)約為(wei)300米(mi)(mi),地面暴(bao)露的(de)(de)部分(fen)(fen)高為(wei)2-3米(mi)(mi),分(fen)(fen)層明顯。在城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)部發(fa)現(xian)(xian)4處(chu)宮殿(dian)(dian)基(ji)址(zhi)遺(yi)址(zhi),其中(zhong)(zhong)一號宮殿(dian)(dian)基(ji)址(zhi)位(wei)于城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)北部,平(ping)面為(wei)長(chang)(chang)方(fang)形(xing),南(nan)北長(chang)(chang)70米(mi)(mi),東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)寬50米(mi)(mi),分(fen)(fen)為(wei)南(nan)北兩個(ge)(ge)院落(luo),由南(nan)殿(dian)(dian)、正殿(dian)(dian)、北殿(dian)(dian)與東(dong)回廊(lang)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)回廊(lang)構成一個(ge)(ge)封閉性(xing)的(de)(de)組群(qun)建(jian)筑(zhu),這種建(jian)筑(zhu)結構在商(shang)(shang)代考古中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)。經(jing)(jing)考證,府城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)是(shi)一處(chu)商(shang)(shang)代早(zao)期軍事(shi)重鎮。府城(cheng)(cheng)商(shang)(shang)代早(zao)期城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)是(shi)河南(nan)繼鄭(zheng)州商(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)和(he)偃師商(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)后(hou)又一重要(yao)發(fa)現(xian)(xian),對研究夏商(shang)(shang)周斷代以及(ji)夏商(shang)(shang)周的(de)(de)政治、經(jing)(jing)濟、軍事(shi)、文化(hua)等具(ju)有重要(yao)價值。1999年(nian)被《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)文物(wu)報(bao)》評為(wei)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)十大(da)考古新發(fa)現(xian)(xian)之(zhi)一。2001年(nian)6月,府城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)被國(guo)務院公布(bu)為(wei)第五(wu)批全(quan)(quan)國(guo)重點文物(wu)保(bao)護單位(wei)。
遺址保護
府(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)應在(zai)如下幾(ji)個方面(mian)抓緊進行:(1)成立(li)(li)由(you)市政(zheng)府(fu)主(zhu)要領(ling)(ling)導牽頭,建設(she)、規劃、文(wen)化(文(wen)物)、公安、土地、環保(bao)(bao)(bao)、工(gong)商、交通、水利、旅游、園林以(yi)及(ji)(ji)當(dang)地區(qu)、鄉政(zheng)府(fu)、所在(zai)村(cun)等部門(men)(men)主(zhu)要領(ling)(ling)導參加(jia)的(de)(de)府(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址規劃、保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)利用領(ling)(ling)導小組(zu),協調解決府(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)中的(de)(de)重大問題。(2)設(she)立(li)(li)焦作(zuo)(zuo)府(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址文(wen)物保(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)所,具體負(fu)責城(cheng)(cheng)址的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、維修、綠化、宣傳等項工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),防(fang)止新的(de)(de)破壞事件(jian)發生。(3)按(an)照省(sheng)政(zheng)府(fu)1989年12月(yue)公布的(de)(de)府(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)范圍,立(li)(li)即在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)址重點保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)、一般保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)重新樹(shu)立(li)(li)標志牌(pai)和(he)埋設(she)界(jie)樁。(4)責成遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址所在(zai)地朱(zhu)村(cun)鄉政(zheng)府(fu)和(he)府(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)、啟心村(cun)委領(ling)(ling)導充實基層保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)組(zu)織,并(bing)采(cai)取(qu)有力措施,嚴禁(jin)農民在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)上(shang)及(ji)(ji)兩側種田(tian)、開荒、取(qu)土、挖沙,嚴禁(jin)在(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)范圍內(nei)建筑、筑墳、打井、深翻土地。文(wen)物主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)部門(men)(men)負(fu)責對(dui)此情況進行檢查和(he)指導,及(ji)(ji)時解決問題。(5)對(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)址內(nei)外進行考古鉆探,搞清宗(zong)廟(miao)、街道、作(zuo)(zuo)坊、墓地等總體布局。(6)制定《焦作(zuo)(zuo)府(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)早(zao)商城(cheng)(cheng)址保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)辦法(fa)》并(bing)由(you)焦作(zuo)(zuo)市人民政(zheng)府(fu)加(jia)以(yi)公布實施,使(shi)該遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)法(fa)制化。