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建造背景

華(hua)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是唐(tang)(tang)代封(feng)建(jian)帝(di)王游(you)幸(xing)的(de)別(bie)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。背山(shan)(shan)面渭，倚驪(li)(li)峰山(shan)(shan)勢(shi)而(er)筑，規(gui)(gui)模(mo)宏大(da)，建(jian)筑壯麗，樓(lou)(lou)臺館殿，遍布驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)上下(xia)。唐(tang)(tang)詩(shi)(shi)人白居易(yi)《驪(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)高》詩(shi)(shi)曰(yue)：“高高驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)上有宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，朱(zhu)樓(lou)(lou)紫殿三(san)四(si)重(zhong)”。清(qing)(qing)人錢維(wei)喬《華(hua)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》詩(shi)(shi)道(dao)：“華(hua)清(qing)(qing)之宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)足，玉殿千(qian)重(zhong)相(xiang)連屬”。驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)景(jing)色(se)宜人，溫(wen)泉(quan)蕩邪去疾。傳說遠在三(san)千(qian)年(nian)前的(de)西周(zhou)時期，就已成為(wei)周(zhou)天(tian)(tian)子的(de)游(you)幸(xing)之地。那時的(de)溫(wen)泉(quan)名(ming)“星辰湯(tang)”。《三(san)秦記》載(zai)：“始(shi)皇(huang)初(chu)，砌(qi)石(shi)起(qi)宇(yu)，名(ming)驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)湯(tang)，漢(han)武加修飾焉”。北(bei)周(zhou)武帝(di)天(tian)(tian)和四(si)年(nian)（569），令(ling)大(da)冢宰宇(yu)文(wen)護造皇(huang)湯(tang)石(shi)井(jing)。隋(sui)文(wen)帝(di)開皇(huang)三(san)年(nian)（583）列植(zhi)松柏千(qian)株，修屋建(jian)宇(yu)。至唐(tang)(tang)代逐(zhu)步形成規(gui)(gui)模(mo)。唐(tang)(tang)太宗(zong)貞觀十(shi)八年(nian)（644），詔左(zuo)衛大(da)將軍(jun)姜行本(ben)，將作(zuo)大(da)匠閻立德建(jian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)室樓(lou)(lou)閣，賜名(ming)“湯(tang)泉(quan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”。《冊府元龜》載(zai)：“貞觀二(er)(er)十(shi)二(er)(er)年(nian)（648）正月(yue)戊戌，帝(di)如溫(wen)湯(tang)。癸卯，御制碑(bei)以示群臣”。唐(tang)(tang)高宗(zong)咸亨二(er)(er)年(nian)（671）改(gai)名(ming)溫(wen)泉(quan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。唐(tang)(tang)玄宗(zong)天(tian)(tian)寶六(liu)載(zai)（747），更溫(wen)泉(quan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)華(hua)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，“環宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所置(zhi)百司(si)區署(shu)，詔琯總經度(du)驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)，疏(shu)巖(yan)剔(ti)藪，為(wei)天(tian)(tian)子游(you)覽”（《唐(tang)(tang)書·房琯傳》）。華(hua)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因(yin)在驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)，又叫驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，亦稱(cheng)驪(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。白居易(yi)《驪(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)高》詩(shi)(shi)：“驪(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)高兮入(ru)云”。驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)似錦(jin)若繡(xiu)，一(yi)名(ming)繡(xiu)嶺，宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因(yin)山(shan)(shan)名(ming)，亦名(ming)繡(xiu)嶺宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。唐(tang)(tang)代詩(shi)(shi)人崔涂(tu)、李商隱、崔道(dao)融詠華(hua)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，皆以“繡(xiu)嶺宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”為(wei)詩(shi)(shi)名(ming)。

歷史變遷

華(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)始建于(yu)唐(tang)初，鼎盛于(yu)唐(tang)玄(xuan)宗(zong)執政以后(hou)。唐(tang)玄(xuan)宗(zong)悉(xi)心經營(ying)建起如(ru)此宏大(da)的(de)(de)離宮(gong)(gong)(gong)，他幾乎每(mei)年(nian)(nian)十(shi)月都要(yao)到此游幸(xing)。歲盡始還長安。故有(you)“十(shi)月一(yi)(yi)日(ri)天子來(lai)，青(qing)繩御(yu)路(lu)無塵埃”之名(ming)句。據清(qing)乾隆(long)本(ben)《臨潼縣志》載(zai)：從開元二年(nian)(nian)（714）到天寶(bao)十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)（755）的(de)(de)40年(nian)(nian)間(jian)，先(xian)后(hou)出游華(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)36次，有(you)時一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)兩去，其微行間(jian)出無法計算。游幸(xing)規模甚大(da)，“千乘萬(wan)旗(qi)被原(yuan)野，云(yun)霞草(cao)木相輝光(guang)”。“八十(shi)一(yi)(yi)車千萬(wan)騎，朝(chao)有(you)宴(yan)飲暮有(you)賜”。等(deng)于(yu)把長安的(de)(de)政府機關(guan)搬(ban)到驪山，竟(jing)然以華(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)為中心，形成(cheng)了一(yi)(yi)個(ge)新的(de)(de)城市。安史亂后(hou)，政局突變，唐(tang)玄(xuan)宗(zong)終于(yu)從皇帝的(de)(de)寶(bao)座上跌落了下來(lai)。華(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)游幸(xing)迅(xun)速衰落，唐(tang)朝(chao)以后(hou)各代皇帝已很少出游華(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)。

后(hou)晉高祖天福年(nian)間(jian)，把破(po)(po)壞的(de)(de)(de)華(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)“改曰(yue)靈泉觀(guan)”，賜予道(dao)(dao)士(shi)。宋時(shi)，“湯所(suo)(suo)館殿(dian)(dian)(dian)，鞠為(wei)茂草”，建筑物已(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)分(fen)破(po)(po)爛。宋人(ren)只能根據華(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)遺跡，“刊(kan)故宮(gong)(gong)(gong)圖于石”，讓后(hou)人(ren)知道(dao)(dao)唐代華(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)盛(sheng)而已(yi)(yi)。至元世祖中統二年(nian)（1261）以(yi)前，有趙志古等(deng)人(ren)，組織民(min)間(jian)力量(liang)，曾(ceng)以(yi)15年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)整(zheng)修華(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)，曾(ceng)建起三(san)清(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)八座大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)，朝元、沖明二閣和九龍(long)、芙蓉(rong)等(deng)湯池（據乾隆(long)本《臨(lin)潼縣志》）。以(yi)后(hou)又逐漸蕭條。清(qing)圣(sheng)祖康熙四十(shi)(shi)二年(nian)（1702）冬十(shi)(shi)一月西巡時(shi)也重修過華(hua)清(qing)池（原華(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)），他曾(ceng)“駐蹕溫(wen)泉”。民(min)國時(shi)期，也有過幾次整(zheng)修，可是華(hua)清(qing)池及驪山(shan)所(suo)(suo)存(cun)古建，大(da)約(yue)就是清(qing)初重建后(hou)所(suo)(suo)保留下的(de)(de)(de)格(ge)局，到解(jie)放(fang)前已(yi)(yi)是湯池寥落(luo)，宮(gong)(gong)(gong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)蕭疏，一片破(po)(po)敗景象。

解放后人民政府自1959年起(qi)進行了大(da)規模(mo)的(de)擴建，辟湯池，修殿宇，建賓館，開(kai)花園，使古老的(de)華清宮(gong)煥發了青春，成為(wei)人民群眾游樂之(zhi)處。

景區榮譽

2018年4月(yue)13日，2018中(zhong)國西(xi)北旅游營銷大會暨旅游裝備展上，入圍“神(shen)奇西(xi)北100景(jing)”排名第二。