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基本介紹

中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)位于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)嵩山(shan)(shan)(shan)太(tai)室山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)麓的(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)蓋峰下，距登(deng)(deng)封市區一(yi)公里(li)，是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)嵩山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主廟(miao)(miao)與象征，是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原地(di)(di)區較(jiao)(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)處(chu)廟(miao)(miao)宇，是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華五岳(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)現存(cun)(cun)規模(mo)較(jiao)(jiao)大、保(bao)存(cun)(cun)較(jiao)(jiao)完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)道教建筑。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)始(shi)(shi)建于秦，其(qi)前(qian)身為太(tai)室祠，是祭祀(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)嵩山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)神(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)。西漢(han)元(yuan)封元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)前(qian)110年(nian)(nian)(nian)），漢(han)武帝(di)劉徹率領群臣，禮(li)登(deng)(deng)嵩山(shan)(shan)(shan)峻極(ji)峰，忽聞山(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有“山(shan)(shan)(shan)呼(hu)萬(wan)歲(sui)”之(zhi)聲，以為山(shan)(shan)(shan)神(shen)顯靈(ling)，隨下令增建太(tai)室祠，禁伐山(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草木，賜山(shan)(shan)(shan)下三(san)百戶村民為太(tai)室奉邑，也就是今天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)登(deng)(deng)封市。武則(ze)天(tian)萬(wan)歲(sui)登(deng)(deng)封元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)696年(nian)(nian)(nian)），女皇登(deng)(deng)嵩山(shan)(shan)(shan)，封岳(yue)(yue)(yue)神(shen)之(zhi)后，使中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名聲大振。北宋時期，太(tai)祖趙(zhao)匡胤和真宗趙(zhao)恒(heng)則(ze)又按照皇宮形(xing)式(shi)對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)進行(xing)(xing)了大規模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)(xiu)復建設。經(jing)過唐、宋時期的(de)(de)(de)(de)大力整修(xiu)(xiu)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)已形(xing)成(cheng)“崇墉繚繞，屹若(ruo)云連”的(de)(de)(de)(de)壯麗宏偉規模(mo)。清(qing)乾隆皇帝(di)在位期間，按照故(gu)宮形(xing)式(shi)對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)又進行(xing)(xing)了大規模(mo)整修(xiu)(xiu)，故(gu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)又有“天(tian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小故(gu)宮”之(zhi)稱。占(zhan)地(di)(di)11萬(wan)余(yu)(yu)平方(fang)(fang)米，規模(mo)宏大，歷史悠久(jiu)，現為全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)重點(dian)文物保(bao)護單位。廟(miao)(miao)內現存(cun)(cun)建筑四百余(yu)(yu)間，金(jin)石鑄(zhu)器二(er)百余(yu)(yu)件，古柏300余(yu)(yu)株，廟(miao)(miao)內中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)嵩高(gao)靈(ling)廟(miao)(miao)碑是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)道教立碑之(zhi)祖，宋代鎮(zhen)庫鐵人(ren)是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)現存(cun)(cun)形(xing)體較(jiao)(jiao)大，保(bao)存(cun)(cun)較(jiao)(jiao)好，造(zao)型佳(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵人(ren)，廟(miao)(miao)外(wai)(wai)石刻(ke)翁仲(zhong)是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)現存(cun)(cun)年(nian)(nian)(nian)代較(jiao)(jiao)早的(de)(de)(de)(de)石雕翁仲(zhong)，太(tai)室闕(que)是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)嵩山(shan)(shan)(shan)漢(han)三(san)闕(que)之(zhi)一(yi)。另外(wai)(wai)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)香火極(ji)旺(wang)，每年(nian)(nian)(nian)接(jie)待(dai)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)各(ge)地(di)(di)香客(ke)達20余(yu)(yu)萬(wan)人(ren)次，一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)二(er)次的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)，始(shi)(shi)于隋唐，己有一(yi)千多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)歷史，是嵩山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)區重要(yao)物資交(jiao)流大會(hui)，旅游(you)觀(guan)光大會(hui)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)接(jie)待(dai)游(you)客(ke)達100余(yu)(yu)萬(wan)人(ren)次。

景點景觀

太室闕

太(tai)室(shi)闕(que)(que)(que)位于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)廟天中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)閣(ge)南600余米處的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸線上。是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)廟前(qian)身太(tai)室(shi)祠的(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)道(dao)闕(que)(que)(que)，始(shi)建于東(dong)漢(han)(han)安帝(di)元初五年(nian)（公元118年(nian)），為當(dang)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)陽城長(chang)呂(lv)常所建，與少(shao)室(shi)闕(que)(que)(que)、啟母闕(que)(que)(que)并稱(cheng)為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)漢(han)(han)三闕(que)(que)(que)。太(tai)室(shi)闕(que)(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)位置和(he)神(shen)道(dao)一直未變，是古代(dai)祭祀(si)太(tai)室(shi)山神(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要實物見證。闕(que)(que)(que)是建在城門(men)、墓門(men)、宮門(men)、廟門(men)前(qian)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個相(xiang)峙對稱(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑物，因中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)沒有(you)橫額，所以叫(jiao)“缺”，古時候“缺”和(he)“闕(que)(que)(que)”這兩個字是通用的(de)(de)(de)(de)。闕(que)(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用其實就是象征(zheng)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)大門(men)，代(dai)表著(zhu)威嚴。1961年(nian)太(tai)室(shi)闕(que)(que)(que)被國務院公布為第(di)一批(pi)全國重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)文物保護單位。太(tai)室(shi)闕(que)(que)(que)是用長(chang)方形石塊壘砌而(er)成，上刻有(you)漢(han)(han)隸(li)和(he)篆、隸(li)參(can)半的(de)(de)(de)(de)銘文，記述了(le)建闕(que)(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)緣由及贊頌中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)神(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)靈驗，是研(yan)究中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國書法演變的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要實物。闕(que)(que)(que)身雕刻有(you)斗雞、車(che)騎出行(xing)、人(ren)物、龍(long)、虎等(deng)畫(hua)像50余幅(fu)，是研(yan)究漢(han)(han)代(dai)風俗(su)習慣和(he)社(she)會(hui)生活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)珍貴資(zi)料，對研(yan)究中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國漢(han)(han)代(dai)建筑史、繪畫(hua)藝術史具有(you)極(ji)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值。

中軸線

中(zhong)(zhong)岳廟(miao)的中(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)線(xian)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)條由青石板鋪(pu)成的大(da)甭道，共十(shi)一(yi)進，全長(chang)1.3華(hua)(hua)里。沿(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)線(xian)從南向北，由低(di)而高(gao)，依次為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)門(men)、遙(yao)參亭、天中(zhong)(zhong)閣、配天作(zuo)鎮坊(fang)、祟圣門(men)、化(hua)三(san)門(men)、峻極(ji)(ji)門(men)、高(gao)高(gao)峻極(ji)(ji)坊(fang)、中(zhong)(zhong)岳大(da)殿、寢殿、御書樓。廟(miao)的東路和(he)西路，還分別建(jian)有(you)太尉(wei)官(guan)、火(huo)神宮(gong)、祖(zu)師宮(gong)、小樓宮(gong)、神州官(guan)和(he)龍王殿等單獨的小院落(luo)，現存明清建(jian)筑近(jin)四百間，金石鑄器二百余件(jian)，漢到清的古(gu)柏三(san)百余株。正是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)些(xie)亭門(men)宮(gong)殿，構成了中(zhong)(zhong)岳廟(miao)規模宏大(da)的古(gu)建(jian)筑群。

中華門

中華門中岳廟的前門，原名“名山第一坊”，為木建牌樓，1942年改建為磚瓦結構的原廡殿式牌坊，更名為“中華門”。門額內外分別寫有“依嵩”、“帶潁”、“嵩峻”、“天中”八字，簡要地說明了中岳廟所處的地理位置。中(zhong)華門(men)北有(you)(you)一座八角重(zhong)(zhong)檐(yan)亭，即“遙(yao)參亭”，是(shi)古代過(guo)往行(xing)旅拜謁岳(yue)神的(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)。檐(yan)坊和(he)雀(que)替(ti)上(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)透雕戲曲(qu)故事，形象優(you)美，精巧異常。穿過(guo)遙(yao)參亭，迎面(mian)(mian)(mian)就是(shi)天(tian)中(zhong)閣(ge)。天(tian)中(zhong)閣(ge)在明(ming)清(qing)(qing)之際是(shi)中(zhong)岳(yue)廟的(de)(de)正門(men)，原名黃中(zhong)樓，明(ming)嘉靖年間(jian)改為今(jin)名，面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)五間(jian)，重(zhong)(zhong)檐(yan)綠瓦，雕梁畫柱，飛檐(yan)凌空，風格獨秀。門(men)上(shang)虎頭大(da)釘緊(jin)扣，門(men)外兩(liang)個石(shi)獅(shi)(shi)守衛，栩(xu)栩(xu)如(ru)生，為清(qing)(qing)代雕刻的(de)(de)代表作(zuo)。東側雄(xiong)獅(shi)(shi)口中(zhong)，有(you)(you)直(zhi)徑為15厘米的(de)(de)石(shi)雕圓球，西側雌(ci)獅(shi)(shi)前蹄按(an)一小獅(shi)(shi)，工(gong)藝精巧，獨具匠(jiang)心。石(shi)獅(shi)(shi)之后，是(shi)辟有(you)(you)三個門(men)洞的(de)(de)高臺(tai)樓閣(ge)。臺(tai)高7米有(you)(you)余，上(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)五間(jian)、進深一間(jian)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)檐(yan)歇山式建筑，覆以綠色琉璃瓦，四(si)周筑有(you)(you)女兒墻(qiang)。游(you)人至此(ci)，舉目四(si)望，東有(you)(you)牧子崗(gang)，西臨(lin)望朝嶺，南接玉案山，北依(yi)黃蓋峰。

配天作鎮坊

出天(tian)(tian)中(zhong)閣沿甬道拾級而(er)上，其(qi)后便(bian)是木結構配天(tian)(tian)作(zuo)鎮枋(fang)(fang)。它原名叫“宇廟坊(fang)”，古時(shi)稱中(zhong)岳為(wei)(wei)(wei)土神，意思是以(yi)地配天(tian)(tian)。枋(fang)(fang)起三架，廡殿(dian)式屋頂，斗拱雀替，雕(diao)琢華麗。正樓額書“配天(tian)(tian)作(zuo)鎮”，左右配樓分別書“宇廟”、“俱(ju)瞻”。配天(tian)(tian)作(zuo)鎮枋(fang)(fang)后為(wei)(wei)(wei)松(song)柏(bo)掩映的崇(chong)圣(sheng)門。此門為(wei)(wei)(wei)過往門庭，因中(zhong)岳神曾被封(feng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“中(zhong)岳天(tian)(tian)中(zhong)崇(chong)圣(sheng)大帝”而(er)得(de)名。

崇圣門

崇圣門東(dong)有(you)古神庫(ku)，創(chuang)建于北(bei)宋。在古神庫(ku)周圍有(you)四個高大(da)的鐵(tie)人(ren)，四大(da)鐵(tie)人(ren)鑄造于北(bei)宋英(ying)宗治(zhi)平元年（公元1064年），高3米許，重(zhong)約3噸，握(wo)拳振臂，怒目挺胸，形象威嚴，栩栩如生，是(shi)中國現存形體較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)，保(bao)存較(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)的四個“守庫(ku)鐵(tie)人(ren)”，同時也是(shi)北(bei)宋鑄造的藝術珍(zhen)品。

化三門

化三(san)門取名于(yu)道教的“一氣化三(san)清(qing)(qing)”，是(shi)中岳廟的過往門庭。化三(san)門后西側(ce)，有無字碑(bei)(bei)亭。亭內立有清(qing)(qing)代石碑(bei)(bei)一通，碑(bei)(bei)上只有線刻花邊(bian)，沒有文字，故稱(cheng)"無字碑(bei)(bei)"。立此碑(bei)(bei)的意思是(shi)說岳神之(zhi)德，大得(de)難以用文字形容，故立空(kong)石，以示紀念。

龍王廟

龍(long)王(wang)(wang)廟(miao)(miao)，其建(jian)筑在中(zhong)岳廟(miao)(miao)院外，整個建(jian)筑仿古(gu)而莊嚴(yan)，現是在唐代古(gu)廟(miao)(miao)的基(ji)地上(shang)建(jian)成一座具有現代與(yu)古(gu)代建(jian)筑特色(se)的道(dao)觀，位(wei)于(yu)中(zhong)岳山脈之首，上(shang)接天宇，地連龍(long)脈。整座龍(long)王(wang)(wang)廟(miao)(miao)，呈龍(long)形(xing)與(yu)道(dao)家(jia)八卦象(xiang)位(wei)而建(jian)，廟(miao)(miao)中(zhong)龍(long)王(wang)(wang)、龍(long)太子形(xing)像栩(xu)栩(xu)如生，威(wei)嚴(yan)逼真，是求神求財靈驗(yan)之道(dao)場。

交通指南

在登封市乘坐2路公交車，在“中岳廟”站(zhan)下車即(ji)到，2路公交車也可以(yi)到嵩陽書院。