漁(yu)民(min),是(shi)(shi)一個漢(han)語(yu)詞匯(hui),又叫漁(yu)夫,指以捕魚為職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)和(he)收(shou)入(ru)來源的(de)(de)人。由于我(wo)(wo)國近海(hai)漁(yu)業(ye)(ye)資源日益萎縮,近海(hai)捕撈(lao)長期處于一種“僧多粥(zhou)少”的(de)(de)局面,發展遠洋捕撈(lao)已成為我(wo)(wo)國捕撈(lao)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)趨勢(shi)。據中國漁(yu)業(ye)(ye)互保協會不完(wan)全統計(ji),我(wo)(wo)國漁(yu)民(min)平(ping)均(jun)死(si)亡率(lv)為每年每10萬人死(si)亡(失(shi)蹤)214人,是(shi)(shi)世界平(ping)均(jun)比率(lv)80人的(de)(de)2.7倍,是(shi)(shi)其他行(xing)業(ye)(ye)平(ping)均(jun)死(si)亡率(lv)的(de)(de)55.2倍。
建筑工人,指從事建筑工作的工人。八十年代的建筑工人指在建筑公司工(gong)作的(de)(de)正式(shi)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)臨(lin)時工(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。隨著企業(ye)(ye)改(gai)革,部分(fen)建(jian)筑工(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)轉業(ye)(ye)分(fen)流(liu),部分(fen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員成為建(jian)筑包工(gong)頭。新中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)包工(gong)頭由于生(sheng)產(chan)周期、產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)地域性、生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程受氣候(hou)影響等方面(mian)的(de)(de)基(ji)本(ben)特(te)點(dian),建(jian)筑行業(ye)(ye)無(wu)法像制(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)一樣機械化,而保留了大量的(de)(de)活勞動。2003年至(zhi)2017年,15年共死亡13280人(ren)(ren)(ren),每(mei)年因建(jian)筑事故(gu)造成的(de)(de)直接經濟損失逾百億(yi)。
伐(fa)(fa)(fa)木(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)(gong)是森林采伐(fa)(fa)(fa)作業的第一(yi)道工(gong)(gong)序(xu)的工(gong)(gong)人。負(fu)責伐(fa)(fa)(fa)木(mu)(mu)(mu)又稱伐(fa)(fa)(fa)樹、放樹。一(yi)般在指定(ding)的伐(fa)(fa)(fa)區上(shang),首先確定(ding)立木(mu)(mu)(mu)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)倒方向(xiang),清理其周圍的障礙物(灌木(mu)(mu)(mu)、雜草、積雪等(deng)),開(kai)辟安全道,然后將(jiang)立木(mu)(mu)(mu)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)倒的專業工(gong)(gong)人。伐(fa)(fa)(fa)木(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)(gong)具主要(yao)有斧(fu)、手工(gong)(gong)鋸(ju)(ju)、油鋸(ju)(ju)和自行式伐(fa)(fa)(fa)木(mu)(mu)(mu)機等(deng),輔(fu)助工(gong)(gong)具有楔子、伐(fa)(fa)(fa)木(mu)(mu)(mu)千斤、支桿等(deng)。據不完全統計(ji),伐(fa)(fa)(fa)木(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)(gong)死亡率是警察(cha)的9倍。
人民警察簡稱民(min)(min)(min)警(jing),包括(kuo)公安(an)(an)機(ji)關、國(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)全機(ji)關、監獄的(de)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)警(jing)察和人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院、人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)檢察院的(de)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)警(jing)察。人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)警(jing)察是國(guo)家(jia)(jia)公務(wu)員。警(jing)察為一份職業,主要職責為執法(fa)(fa)(fa)、維持公共安(an)(an)全,保護性命(ming)及保障財產。絕大(da)部(bu)分民(min)(min)(min)主國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(地區(qu))的(de)警(jing)察與軍隊分立,互不隸屬。2016年,因公犧牲民(min)(min)(min)警(jing)人(ren)數有362人(ren),負傷4913人(ren)。截至2016年,中(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)均預(yu)期壽(shou)命(ming)達到76.34歲(sui),但警(jing)察的(de)平均壽(shou)命(ming)只有48歲(sui)。
井(jing)(jing)下(xia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),一般(ban)指從事(shi)礦(kuang)(kuang)山井(jing)(jing)下(xia)作(zuo)(zuo)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)。由于特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)環境和條件(jian),一般(ban)被認為(wei)(wei)(wei)是比(bi)較有危(wei)險(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)職業。按礦(kuang)(kuang)山的(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)可以(yi)把井(jing)(jing)下(xia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)以(yi)鐵礦(kuang)(kuang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)金屬(shu)礦(kuang)(kuang)山井(jing)(jing)下(xia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)和以(yi)煤(mei)礦(kuang)(kuang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)非金屬(shu)礦(kuang)(kuang)山井(jing)(jing)下(xia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)。按從事(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)性質的(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong),井(jing)(jing)下(xia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)一般(ban)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)掘進工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、臺車工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、噴漿工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、出礦(kuang)(kuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、運礦(kuang)(kuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、維修工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、信號工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)等。據不完全統計,2018年1月-2019年1月因(yin)煤(mei)礦(kuang)(kuang)事(shi)故(gu)導(dao)致(zhi)死亡人(ren)數已有269人(ren)。
化工行業就是(shi)從事(shi)化(hua)學(xue)工(gong)(gong)業生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和開發(fa)(fa)的企業和單位的總稱。化(hua)工(gong)(gong)行業滲透各個方面(mian),是(shi)國(guo)民(min)經濟(ji)(ji)中(zhong)不可或(huo)缺(que)的重要組成(cheng)部分,其發(fa)(fa)展是(shi)走可持續發(fa)(fa)展道路對于人(ren)類經濟(ji)(ji)、社會發(fa)(fa)展具有(you)重要的現實意義(yi)。化(hua)學(xue)工(gong)(gong)業在(zai)各國(guo)的國(guo)民(min)經濟(ji)(ji)中(zhong)占有(you)重要地位,是(shi)許多國(guo)家的基礎產(chan)(chan)業和支柱產(chan)(chan)業。化(hua)學(xue)工(gong)(gong)業的發(fa)(fa)展速度和規模(mo)對社會經濟(ji)(ji)的各個部門有(you)著直接影響,世界化(hua)工(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)品年(nian)產(chan)(chan)值(zhi)已超(chao)過(guo)15000億(yi)美元(yuan)。2018年(nian),中(zhong)國(guo)共發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)事(shi)故176起、死(si)亡(wang)223人(ren)。
消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防員(yuan),為政府或民間團體(ti)所成立的(de)(de)救(jiu)災救(jiu)人團體(ti)成員(yuan)。消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防員(yuan)的(de)(de)職責主(zhu)要(yao)為消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)滅火災及救(jiu)護(hu)服務,同時也參與其他救(jiu)援工作。消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防員(yuan)作為特殊的(de)(de)救(jiu)護(hu)職業(ye),需經過(guo)特殊的(de)(de)體(ti)能(neng)、技(ji)能(neng)及心(xin)理素質(zhi)的(de)(de)訓練,保證具備特殊的(de)(de)體(ti)能(neng)、技(ji)能(neng)及心(xin)理素質(zhi)的(de)(de)要(yao)求。截止到2018年,消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防隊(dui)員(yuan)單次犧(xi)(xi)牲人數最(zui)多(duo)的(de)(de),是2015年天(tian)津港(gang)8.12特大爆炸,犧(xi)(xi)牲104名消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防官(guan)兵。據(ju)統(tong)計(ji),自新中國成立以來,有609名消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防官(guan)兵犧(xi)(xi)牲。
IT工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師是從事IT相(xiang)(xiang)關工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)人(ren)員的(de)(de)統稱。它是一(yi)個廣義(yi)的(de)(de)概念,包(bao)括IT設(she)計人(ren)員、IT架構人(ren)員、IT工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管理人(ren)員、程(cheng)序員等一(yi)系列(lie)崗位(wei),工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)內容都與軟件(jian)開發生產相(xiang)(xiang)關。IT工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師城(cheng)市之(zhi)間差異比較大,一(yi)級(ji)城(cheng)市IT工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師的(de)(de)待遇年(nian)薪(xin)在5萬-10萬元之(zhi)間;內地其他省會城(cheng)市年(nian)薪(xin)一(yi)般在3萬-8萬之(zhi)間,但工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)量大,繁瑣枯燥。上海社會科學院亞(ya)健康研(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)心(xin)發布的(de)(de)數據顯示,IT階(jie)層“過勞(lao)死”的(de)(de)平均(jun)年(nian)齡僅為37.9歲。
快遞業,是指承運方通過鐵路、公路、航空等交通方式,運用專用工具、設備和應用軟件系統,對中國、國際及港澳臺地區(qu)的(de)快(kuai)件攬收、分揀、封(feng)發(fa)(fa)、轉運、投送、信(xin)息錄入、查(cha)詢(xun)、市場開發(fa)(fa)、疑難快(kuai)件進行(xing)(xing)處理(li),以較快(kuai)的(de)速度將(jiang)特定(ding)的(de)物(wu)品運達(da)指定(ding)地點(dian)或目(mu)標客戶手(shou)中的(de)物(wu)流活(huo)動。快(kuai)遞行(xing)(xing)業(ye)屬于高死(si)亡率行(xing)(xing)業(ye),2011年12月13日(ri)在(zai)白云區(qu)太和鎮(zhen)的(de)一間貨場,申通快(kuai)遞公司(si)的(de)一名員(yuan)工(gong)被發(fa)(fa)現在(zai)公司(si)宿舍里猝(cu)死(si)。2013年1月16日(ri),38歲匯通快(kuai)運外包司(si)機張柱強猝(cu)死(si)駕駛室。
電工屬于高危工種,在我國(guo)(guo),對電(dian)(dian)(dian)工的(de)監管(guan)非(fei)常(chang)嚴格(ge),監管(guan)部(bu)門比較多,主要表現在電(dian)(dian)(dian)工證(zheng)(zheng)書的(de)區別(bie)上,一般(ban)人(ren)(ren)只知道(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)工憑證(zheng)(zheng)書上崗(gang),卻不知道(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)工證(zheng)(zheng)書也(ye)由于具體(ti)工種劃分的(de)不同(tong)以及頒發部(bu)門的(de)不同(tong)而有(you)(you)所區別(bie)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong),適用范圍(wei)最廣的(de)為《特種作業操(cao)作證(zheng)(zheng)》,也(ye)就是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)工口中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)上崗(gang)證(zheng)(zheng),也(ye)稱操(cao)作證(zheng)(zheng),持有(you)(you)此證(zheng)(zheng)可(ke)以在各類企業從(cong)事(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)工作業。其(qi)次是(shi)《職(zhi)業資格(ge)證(zheng)(zheng)》,也(ye)就是(shi)俗稱的(de)等級證(zheng)(zheng)。2017年,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)發生電(dian)(dian)(dian)力人(ren)(ren)身傷(shang)亡(wang)事(shi)故(gu)53起(qi),死(si)亡(wang)62人(ren)(ren)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong),電(dian)(dian)(dian)力生產(chan)人(ren)(ren)身傷(shang)亡(wang)事(shi)故(gu)40起(qi),死(si)亡(wang)41人(ren)(ren);電(dian)(dian)(dian)力建設人(ren)(ren) 身傷(shang)亡(wang)事(shi)故(gu)13起(qi),死(si)亡(wang)21人(ren)(ren)。
榜(bang)單(dan)聲明:中國10大死(si)亡率最高行業榜(bang)單(dan),主(zhu)要根據各(ge)(ge)行業歷年傷亡人數、各(ge)(ge)猝死(si)事件(jian)等相關信息,并綜合參考(kao)互(hu)聯網相關排行榜(bang)/榜(bang)單(dan)進(jin)行推薦,榜(bang)單(dan)僅供參考(kao),幫助(zhu)您了解中國10大死(si)亡行業。如(ru)有疑問,歡迎在末尾評論/批評指正。