旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)壓(ya)(ya)技(ji)術(shu)(shu),也(ye)(ye)叫金屬(shu)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)技(ji)術(shu)(shu),通過(guo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)使之受力(li)點(dian)由點(dian)到線由線到面(mian),同(tong)時在某個方(fang)向(xiang)給予一定的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)使金屬(shu)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)沿著這一方(fang)向(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)流動(dong)而成(cheng)型某一形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)。這里,金屬(shu)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)必(bi)須具(ju)有塑(su)性變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或流動(dong)性能,旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不等同(tong)塑(su)性變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),它是(shi)集塑(su)性變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)流動(dong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)復雜過(guo)程,特別(bie)需要指(zhi)出的(de)(de)是(shi),我們所(suo)說的(de)(de)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)不是(shi)單一的(de)(de)強力(li)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)普通旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)壓(ya)(ya),它是(shi)兩者的(de)(de)結合;強力(li)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)壓(ya)(ya)用(yong)于各(ge)種筒、錐體異形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)體的(de)(de)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)型殼(ke)體的(de)(de)加工技(ji)術(shu)(shu),是(shi)一種比較(jiao)老的(de)(de)成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)方(fang)法和(he)工藝,也(ye)(ye)叫滾(gun)壓(ya)(ya)法。
1、普通旋壓
普通(tong)(tong)旋壓(ya)簡稱普旋,可以完成拉深成形(xing)、壓(ya)肋(lei)、收(shou)口、封(feng)口、翻邊(bian)(bian)、卷(juan)邊(bian)(bian)等(deng)各(ge)種工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。普通(tong)(tong)旋壓(ya)成形(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)見圖(tu)2-1.普通(tong)(tong)旋壓(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件形(xing)狀各(ge)異,均(jun)為軸對稱蒲壁空心回(hui)轉體(ti),因而具(ju)有廣泛的用途。有縮旋、擴旋、及卷(juan)邊(bian)(bian)等(deng)成形(xing)過程。
普通(tong)旋壓(ya)包括整體成形(xing)和局部成形(xing)。在現代化的旋壓(ya)機上(shang)針對不同(tong)(tong)規格工件(jian)的不同(tong)(tong)技(ji)術要求,可以采(cai)取冷旋與熱旋等(deng)方法進行相應的塑性成形(xing);主要類別為拉旋、縮旋、擴旋、制梗等(deng)多種加工形(xing)成。
2、帶輪旋壓
旋(xuan)壓(ya)帶輪(lun)(lun)一般有(you)三種基本形(xing)式(shi):折疊(die)式(shi)帶輪(lun)(lun)、劈開(kai)式(shi)帶輪(lun)(lun)和滾壓(ya)式(shi)多V型帶輪(lun)(lun)(也稱多楔帶輪(lun)(lun))。
旋壓(ya)帶輪(lun)與鑄鐵皮帶輪(lun)相(xiang)比的(de)優(you)點是采用旋壓(ya)工藝制成的(de)(無屑加工),結構輕、省材(cai)料(liao),因而轉動(dong)慣量小,是一種節料(liao)、節能(neng)的(de)新產(chan)品(pin)。生產(chan)效率(lv)高(gao)(每分鐘加工2~4件(jian)),平衡(heng)性(xing)能(neng)好,一般(ban)無需平衡(heng)處理。由于材(cai)料(liao)流線不被(bei)切斷,表面生產(chan)冷(leng)作硬化,組(zu)織密度(du)提高(gao),使輪(lun)槽表面的(de)強度(du)和(he)硬度(du)提高(gao),并且尺(chi)寸精(jing)度(du)高(gao),三角(jiao)帶與輪(lun)槽的(de)滑差(cha)小,皮帶壽(shou)命長(chang)。
帶(dai)(dai)輪(lun)旋壓(ya)成(cheng)形式(shi)工藝與設備(bei)是一(yi)項先進的技術,帶(dai)(dai)輪(lun)旋壓(ya)工藝上取(qu)得了(le)折疊式(shi)帶(dai)(dai)輪(lun)、劈開(kai)式(shi)帶(dai)(dai)輪(lun)、滾壓(ya)式(shi)多(duo)V型帶(dai)(dai)輪(lun)和組(zu)合式(shi)帶(dai)(dai)輪(lun)一(yi)系列科研成(cheng)果,在理(li)論與實踐(jian)兩個方面(mian)解決了(le)旋壓(ya)成(cheng)形中的各(ge)種技術難題,并成(cheng)功地用于生(sheng)產。