太(tai)空(kong)(kong)種(zhong)子是把精選(xuan)的作物(wu)種(zhong)子通過(guo)航天飛行(xing)器搭載到太(tai)空(kong)(kong)，在(zai)空(kong)(kong)間特(te)殊環境下使種(zhong)子發(fa)生變(bian)化。然后再到地面進行(xing)優選(xuan)的育種(zhong)手段。在(zai)空(kong)(kong)間站關鍵技術驗(yan)證階段歷次(ci)飛行(xing)任務中，均(jun)安排(pai)了航天育種(zhong)實驗(yan)項目(mu)。

從已(yi)公布的載(zai)(zai)人飛(fei)船航(hang)天(tian)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)實驗項目清單來看，神(shen)舟十(shi)二(er)號(hao)和(he)神(shen)舟十(shi)三號(hao)載(zai)(zai)人飛(fei)船返(fan)回(hui)艙帶(dai)回(hui)88家單位(wei)上千件（份(fen)(fen)）作(zuo)物種(zhong)(zhong)子、微(wei)生物菌種(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)航(hang)天(tian)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)材料。神(shen)舟十(shi)四號(hao)和(he)神(shen)舟十(shi)五號(hao)載(zai)(zai)人飛(fei)船共搭載(zai)(zai)112家單位(wei)1300余份(fen)(fen)作(zuo)物種(zhong)(zhong)子、微(wei)生物菌種(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)航(hang)天(tian)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)材料。