2013年(nian)國家發改委發布《電子招標(biao)投標(biao)辦法(fa)》統一技(ji)術(shu)標(biao)準
2013年(nian)3月,為有(you)效保證(zheng)《電子招(zhao)標(biao)投標(biao)辦法》的(de)順利實施,國(guo)家發展改革委(wei)員會針對電子投標(biao)招(zhao)標(biao)系(xi)統進行了全面的(de)標(biao)準(zhun)制定,發布(bu)了《電子招(zhao)標(biao)投標(biao)辦法》的(de)技術標(biao)準(zhun)和數(shu)據接口(kou)要求,并擬(ni)定了三大實施原(yuan)則:
作為(wei)我國電子招標投標的第(di)一件部門規章,《辦法》起草還(huan)堅持以下(xia)基本原則:
一(yi)是統(tong)籌規劃與(yu)分步實施相結合。《辦法》從功能(neng)定位上將電(dian)子(zi)(zi)招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)系(xi)統(tong)劃分為(wei)交易平臺(tai)(tai)、公共(gong)服務平臺(tai)(tai)、行(xing)政監督(du)平臺(tai)(tai),并對電(dian)子(zi)(zi)招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)全(quan)過程(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)規范。但全(quan)面建成這(zhe)個系(xi)統(tong),實現所(suo)有招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)項目(mu)全(quan)過程(cheng)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)化,不可(ke)能(neng)一(yi)蹴而就,需要根(gen)據實際情況分階(jie)段逐步實施。
二是(shi)政府引導(dao)與市場調節相結合。《辦法》明確(que)(que)要充分發(fa)揮市場配置資源的基(ji)礎性作用,將政府行(xing)為限定在(zai)規(gui)劃指導(dao)、明確(que)(que)技術(shu)標準和交易規(gui)則、推(tui)動(dong)信息公開和共享(xiang)等方面,交易平臺的建設運營和選擇使用等則鼓勵充分競爭。
三是(shi)統(tong)一(yi)規范與(yu)鼓勵創(chuang)新(xin)相(xiang)結合(he)。《辦法》統(tong)一(yi)了電子招標投標系統(tong)技(ji)(ji)術標準和接口要求,但以落實法定要求、保(bao)(bao)證交(jiao)易(yi)安(an)全(quan)和消除(chu)技(ji)(ji)術壁壘為(wei)限,為(wei)技(ji)(ji)術創(chuang)新(xin)留出空間。四是(shi)提高效率和確保(bao)(bao)安(an)全(quan)相(xiang)結合(he)。為(wei)最大限度地發(fa)揮電子招標的效率優(you)勢,《辦法》以在線完(wan)成全(quan)部(bu)交(jiao)易(yi)過程(cheng)為(wei)規范對(dui)象。盡管如此,為(wei)確保(bao)(bao)交(jiao)易(yi)安(an)全(quan),《辦法》同時要求交(jiao)易(yi)平臺允(yun)許投標人離線編制投標文件,并具備分段或者整體加密(mi)、解密(mi)功能。
同(tong)(tong)時,《辦法》按照功能(neng)定位的不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong),將(jiang)電(dian)子招標投(tou)標系統區分(fen)為(wei)交(jiao)易平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)、公共服務平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)和行政監督平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)。這(zhe)三個平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)在原則理念、建設(she)(she)主體、層級設(she)(she)立、運行要(yao)求(qiu)上都有所不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)。交(jiao)易平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)是以數據電(dian)文形式完成招標投(tou)標交(jiao)易活(huo)動的信息平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai),具有競(jing)爭性(xing)、專業性(xing)和個性(xing)化(hua)服務的特征,按照市場化(hua)、專業化(hua)、集約化(hua)方(fang)向由不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的主體建設(she)(she)運營。
公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)通過收集、整(zheng)合和發布招標(biao)項目交(jiao)易信息以及相(xiang)關公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)信息,滿足交(jiao)易平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)之間信息交(jiao)換、資源(yuan)共(gong)(gong)(gong)享需要,并為市場主(zhu)體、監督部門和社會公(gong)(gong)眾提供信息服(fu)務(wu)(wu),具有綜合性和公(gong)(gong)益(yi)性的(de)(de)(de)特(te)征。公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)這一特(te)征,決定了應當由設區的(de)(de)(de)市級以上人(ren)民政府(fu)發展改革(ge)部門會同有關部門,按照政府(fu)主(zhu)導、共(gong)(gong)(gong)建共(gong)(gong)(gong)享、公(gong)(gong)益(yi)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)、相(xiang)對集中的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則推動(dong)建立。
行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)監(jian)督(du)(du)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)是(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)監(jian)督(du)(du)部(bu)門和(he)(he)監(jian)察機關(guan)履行(xing)(xing)監(jian)督(du)(du)職(zhi)責的(de)(de)信息平(ping)臺(tai)(tai),由行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)監(jian)督(du)(du)部(bu)門和(he)(he)監(jian)察機關(guan)結(jie)合本單(dan)位(wei)電(dian)子政(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)建設依法設置。這三個(ge)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)中(zhong),交易(yi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)是(shi)(shi)基礎,公共(gong)服(fu)務(wu)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)是(shi)(shi)樞紐,行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)監(jian)督(du)(du)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)是(shi)(shi)手段,共(gong)同(tong)構(gou)成定位(wei)清晰、層次分(fen)(fen)明、功能(neng)互(hu)補、互(hu)聯(lian)互(hu)通電(dian)子招標(biao)投(tou)標(biao)系統架構(gou)。需要指出的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi),以上只是(shi)(shi)邏輯上的(de)(de)劃分(fen)(fen),實踐中(zhong),電(dian)子招標(biao)投(tou)標(biao)系統還可以在具備(bei)交易(yi)功能(neng)的(de)(de)同(tong)時,兼具部(bu)分(fen)(fen)公共(gong)服(fu)務(wu)和(he)(he)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)監(jian)督(du)(du)的(de)(de)功能(neng)。
此外(wai),該負責(ze)人介紹稱,為(wei)避免分散建(jian)設的(de)電子招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)投標(biao)(biao)(biao)系統可能造成的(de)信息(xi)孤島和(he)市場分割,《辦法(fa)》統一(yi)了技(ji)術標(biao)(biao)(biao)準和(he)數(shu)據(ju)接口(kou)要(yao)求,為(wei)實現電子招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)投標(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)互聯互通提供了制度(du)保障。
一是規(gui)定電子招標(biao)投標(biao)系(xi)統研發、檢測(ce)、認(ren)證(zheng)、運營應當符(fu)合技術規(gui)范的要求。
二(er)是規定(ding)交易(yi)平(ping)臺、公(gong)共服務平(ping)臺應當執行統一的信(xin)息(xi)分類和編碼標(biao)準,為各類電子(zi)招標(biao)投(tou)標(biao)信(xin)息(xi)的互(hu)聯互(hu)通和交互(hu)共享開(kai)放(fang)數據接口(kou)、公(gong)布接口(kou)要求。
三是(shi)支持不同電子認證服(fu)務機構數字證書的兼(jian)容互(hu)(hu)認。四是(shi)通(tong)過公(gong)共服(fu)務平(ping)(ping)臺與交易平(ping)(ping)臺連(lian)接(jie)(jie),下一層(ceng)級(ji)的公(gong)共服(fu)務平(ping)(ping)臺與上一層(ceng)級(ji)的公(gong)共服(fu)務平(ping)(ping)臺連(lian)接(jie)(jie),形成全(quan)國范圍互(hu)(hu)聯互(hu)(hu)通(tong)的電子招標(biao)投標(biao)網絡。
與此同時,《辦法(fa)》充分發(fa)揮(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)服務(wu)平(ping)(ping)臺的(de)(de)連接樞紐(niu)和信(xin)息載體(ti)功能,通過公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)服務(wu)平(ping)(ping)臺集(ji)中收集(ji)、整合和發(fa)布招(zhao)標項目交(jiao)(jiao)易信(xin)息以及相(xiang)關(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)信(xin)息,最大程度實現信(xin)息集(ji)約和交(jiao)(jiao)互(hu)共(gong)(gong)(gong)享。規定交(jiao)(jiao)易平(ping)(ping)臺和公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)服務(wu)平(ping)(ping)臺應(ying)當(dang)允許社會公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾、市場主體(ti)免費(fei)注冊登錄(lu)并獲取依法(fa)公(gong)(gong)(gong)開的(de)(de)招(zhao)標投標信(xin)息,并按照(zhao)規定向行政監督平(ping)(ping)臺對接交(jiao)(jiao)互(hu)。
招標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)電(dian)子(zi)化的(de)過(guo)程中(zhong),不僅出現系統研發、建設、運(yun)營等新的(de)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti),而且伴隨著信息(xi)(xi)技術(shu)的(de)運(yun)用(yong),給監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)容和(he)(he)(he)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)方(fang)式(shi)也(ye)帶來(lai)了新的(de)變化。針對電(dian)子(zi)招標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)特點,《辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》創新監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)方(fang)式(shi)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。一是(shi)通過(guo)信息(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)開(kai)加強社會(hui)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)。規(gui)定(ding)社會(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)、市場主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)免費注冊登錄(lu)和(he)(he)(he)獲取依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)開(kai)的(de)招標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)信息(xi)(xi)。二是(shi)通過(guo)信息(xi)(xi)集成分(fen)析提(ti)高監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)效果。利(li)用(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)服(fu)務平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)的(de)信息(xi)(xi)整(zheng)合(he)優勢,分(fen)析預警和(he)(he)(he)有效防范(fan)圍串標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)等違法(fa)(fa)(fa)行(xing)為。三是(shi)發揮信用(yong)機(ji)制(zhi)獎(jiang)優懲劣作(zuo)用(yong)。規(gui)定(ding)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)服(fu)務平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)和(he)(he)(he)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)發布有關(guan)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)許可、行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)處理(li)決定(ding)、相關(guan)市場主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)業(ye)績和(he)(he)(he)信用(yong)情況,鼓勵公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)布合(he)同(tong)履行(xing)情況。四是(shi)明確在(zai)線監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)載體(ti)(ti)和(he)(he)(he)要求。規(gui)定(ding)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)部(bu)(bu)門(men)依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)設置行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)并(bing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)布行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)的(de)職責權限。交(jiao)易(yi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)服(fu)務平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)應當為監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)部(bu)(bu)門(men)依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)實施的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)提(ti)供通道、交(jiao)互信息(xi)(xi)、為監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)部(bu)(bu)門(men)登錄(lu)使用(yong)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)提(ti)供必要條(tiao)件(jian),實現對電(dian)子(zi)招標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)在(zai)線監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。