一、堿性干電池和碳性干電池有什么區別
干電池按照電解質性質不同,可分為堿性和碳性兩種,它們雖然都是干電池,但在很多方面有所不同,堿性干(gan)電池和碳(tan)性干(gan)電池的區(qu)別(bie)主要有:
1、結構原理不同
碳性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電池(chi)(chi)和(he)堿性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電池(chi)(chi)的(de)結構和(he)原理都是基于鋅-錳(meng)體系,但(dan)是有一些不同之處(chu)。碳性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電池(chi)(chi)的(de)正極是由二(er)氧化(hua)(hua)錳(meng)和(he)石墨組成(cheng)的(de)炭棒(bang),負極是由鋅皮制成(cheng)的(de)外殼(ke),電解質是含有氯化(hua)(hua)銨和(he)氯化(hua)(hua)鋅的(de)水溶液。
堿性干電(dian)(dian)池的(de)正極是(shi)由(you)二氧(yang)化錳和(he)碳(tan)粉組(zu)成的(de)環形極片,負極是(shi)由(you)鋅(xin)(xin)粉和(he)添加(jia)劑制成的(de)鋅(xin)(xin)膏(gao),電(dian)(dian)解質是(shi)含有氫氧(yang)化鉀(jia)的(de)水(shui)溶液。碳(tan)性干電(dian)(dian)池和(he)堿性干電(dian)(dian)池的(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)反應(ying)都是(shi)鋅(xin)(xin)和(he)二氧(yang)化錳在電(dian)(dian)解質中發生氧(yang)化還(huan)原反應(ying),產生電(dian)(dian)流和(he)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。
2、電池容量不同
碳性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和堿性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓都(dou)是(shi)(shi)1.5伏,但是(shi)(shi)它(ta)們的(de)(de)容(rong)量卻(que)有很大(da)的(de)(de)差別(bie),堿性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)容(rong)量是(shi)(shi)碳性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)4-7倍,這意味著堿性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可以持續使用的(de)(de)時間更長,或(huo)者可以為更大(da)功率的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)能。堿性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)容(rong)量會隨著放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)增加(jia)而減小(xiao),但是(shi)(shi)仍(reng)然高于碳性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。
3、重量不同
由于堿性干電池(chi)的(de)內部材料(liao)和結構比(bi)碳性干電池(chi)更復雜,堿性干電池(chi)的(de)重量一般比(bi)碳性干電池(chi)重。
4、價格不同
堿(jian)性干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)格也比碳性干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)高(gao),一(yi)般是碳性干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)1.5-2倍,不過(guo)堿(jian)性干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)使用壽命通常要更(geng)長一(yi)些,性價(jia)比還是比較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)。
5、適用范圍不同
碳性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池適合用于低(di)電(dian)流和低(di)功率的電(dian)器,如手電(dian)筒、收音機、遙控器、鐘表(biao)等。這些電(dian)器的特點是用電(dian)量小,對(dui)電(dian)池的性(xing)能要求不高(gao),使用碳性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池可(ke)以(yi)滿足基本的需求。
堿性(xing)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)適合用(yong)于高電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和高功率的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器,如數碼相機、閃(shan)光燈、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動玩具(ju)、剃須刀、無線鼠標等(deng)。這些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)特點(dian)是用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量大,對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)性(xing)能要求高,使用(yong)堿性(xing)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可以保證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)正(zheng)常工(gong)作和良好的(de)性(xing)能。
6、保質期和自放電不同
保(bao)質期是指電(dian)(dian)池在未(wei)使用的情況下,能(neng)夠保(bao)持一定的電(dian)(dian)量和(he)性能(neng)的時(shi)間(jian)。自放電(dian)(dian)是指電(dian)(dian)池在未(wei)使用的情況下,由于內(nei)部化學(xue)反應而(er)逐(zhu)漸損失電(dian)(dian)量的現象。
一(yi)般來(lai)說(shuo),堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)質(zhi)期(qi)(qi)要遠遠超(chao)過(guo)碳性(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)質(zhi)期(qi)(qi)。碳性(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)質(zhi)期(qi)(qi)一(yi)般為1-2年(nian),而(er)堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)質(zhi)期(qi)(qi)一(yi)般為5-10年(nian),甚至更長。堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)自放電(dian)也比碳性(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)低,一(yi)般為每(mei)年(nian)2-3%,而(er)碳性(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)自放電(dian)一(yi)般為每(mei)年(nian)10-15%。這意味(wei)著(zhu)堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可(ke)以更長時(shi)間(jian)地保(bao)存和使用,不(bu)會因為時(shi)間(jian)過(guo)長而(er)失(shi)效。
7、環保性不同
碳性(xing)干電池中含有重金(jin)屬鎘和水銀(yin),這些物質(zhi)對人(ren)體和環境(jing)都有危(wei)害(hai),如果不(bu)經(jing)過回(hui)收(shou)處理(li),就直接丟棄(qi),會污染土壤和水源,影響生態平衡。堿性(xing)干電池中不(bu)含重金(jin)屬鎘和水銀(yin),相對來說(shuo)要環保一些。
二、堿性干電池和碳性干電池哪個好
堿性(xing)(xing)干(gan)電池和(he)碳性(xing)(xing)干(gan)電池對比起來,在(zai)很(hen)多(duo)方面都有所區(qu)別,不(bu)過并(bing)不(bu)一定堿性(xing)(xing)干(gan)電池就(jiu)更(geng)(geng)好,或(huo)者碳性(xing)(xing)干(gan)電池更(geng)(geng)好,要根(gen)據設備功(gong)率需求、使用時間和(he)環境考(kao)慮(lv)選擇:
一般來(lai)說,堿性干電池通(tong)常具有(you)更高的能(neng)量密度和較長的壽命,適合高耗能(neng)設備(bei)(bei);而碳性干電池價格便宜,適用(yong)于低功率設備(bei)(bei)。
三、堿性干電池和碳性干電池可以共用嗎
堿性干電池和碳性干電池(chi)很多在外表上(shang)并沒有多大區別(bie),有用(yong)戶可(ke)能會混用(yong),不過一般這兩種干電池(chi)是不建議共用(yong)的。
由于(yu)堿性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池(chi)和碳(tan)性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)正極、負極及電(dian)解質均不同,因此他們的(de)操(cao)作電(dian)壓(ya)和儲(chu)電(dian)量都有(you)所不同,一(yi)般(ban)來(lai)說(shuo),堿性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)容量是碳(tan)性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)五到六倍,而(er)電(dian)流(liu)也比碳(tan)性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池(chi)要大(da),混用(yong)(yong)的(de)話可能影響供電(dian);而(er)且碳(tan)性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池(chi)會更(geng)早用(yong)(yong)完,頻(pin)繁更(geng)換(huan)也麻(ma)煩,因此一(yi)般(ban)建議不要混用(yong)(yong)。