一、一節干電池的電壓是多少伏

干電池是一種伏打電池，常用作手電筒照明、收音機等的電源，干電池電(dian)壓(ya)是(shi)干電(dian)池(chi)性(xing)能(neng)的(de)重要性(xing)能(neng)指(zhi)標(biao)之一，它(ta)表(biao)示干電(dian)池(chi)在一定(ding)狀態下電(dian)池(chi)兩端的(de)電(dian)勢差，一般干電(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)有三種：

1、標準電壓

又稱(cheng)額定電(dian)(dian)壓，指電(dian)(dian)池正負極(ji)材料因化(hua)學反應而(er)造成的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)位差，由此產生的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓值。干電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)標準電(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)1.5V。

普通干電(dian)池內(nei)部的化(hua)學電(dian)解液反(fan)應的激烈程度只能達到使電(dian)池發(fa)揮(hui)出約1.5V的電(dian)壓水(shui)平。這個電(dian)壓跟化(hua)學離子化(hua)傾向(xiang)有(you)關，也就是說跟陰極(ji)和陽極(ji)材料有(you)關，鋅跟碳棒在電(dian)解液中產(chan)生的電(dian)勢(shi)就是大約1.5伏特。

2、開路電壓

指電(dian)池在非(fei)工作狀(zhuang)態下即(ji)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)中無電(dian)流流過(guo)時，電(dian)池正負極之間(jian)的電(dian)勢差。干電(dian)池滿電(dian)時的開路(lu)(lu)電(dian)壓為1.65~1.725V。

3、工作電壓

又稱端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，是指電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在工作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下即電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中有電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過時電(dian)(dian)(dian)池正負(fu)極(ji)之間的電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢差。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)(dian)工作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)池內部時，需(xu)克服電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的內阻(zu)所造成阻(zu)力，故工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓總是低于開路電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時則與之相反(fan)。

二、怎么測量干電池的電壓

選(xuan)定一個適當的(de)(de)負(fu)載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)并聯在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)正(zheng)負(fu)極(ji)間，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓跟剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量存在(zai)某種已知關系，所以(yi)根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)容(rong)量及用(yong)途,再測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)兩端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，看此時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)帶負(fu)荷時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較空載(zai)時(shi)下降(jiang)程度，就可以(yi)判(pan)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量；不(bu)過前(qian)提(ti)條件是不(bu)施(shi)加(jia)任何(he)負(fu)載(zai)的(de)(de)情況下，加(jia)負(fu)載(zai)后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓會因為(wei)內部阻(zu)抗引(yin)起壓降(jiang)失真，并隨時(shi)間的(de)(de)推(tui)移以(yi)不(bu)同速率逐(zhu)漸(jian)降(jiang)低，并且在(zai)去除(chu)負(fu)載(zai)后逐(zhu)漸(jian)升高(gao)。因此如果(guo)施(shi)加(jia)負(fu)載(zai)的(de)(de)話(hua)，會影(ying)響(xiang)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量的(de)(de)檢測結果(guo)。

萬用表(biao)也可以(yi)準確測量(liang)(liang)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，通過測量(liang)(liang)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)高低，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)進行判斷，如果測量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不小(xiao)(xiao)于干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)標注電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時，說(shuo)明干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)是充足(zu)的(de)(de)(de)；小(xiao)(xiao)于干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)標注電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)多，說(shuo)明干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)越(yue)多，由于型(xing)號(hao)的(de)(de)(de)不同干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)檢測結果會受到影(ying)響(xiang)，但是對(dui)單節(jie)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池來說(shuo)，只(zhi)要使用是普通指針(zhen)式萬能表(biao)，將萬能表(biao)選最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)檔（0.5A-1A），負(fu)表(biao)筆接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池負(fu)極，正(zheng)表(biao)筆在電(dian)(dian)(dian)池正(zheng)極上迅速碰一(yi)下(xia)，注意觀察(cha)表(biao)針(zhen)運動（短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)）情況(kuang)，便知道電(dian)(dian)(dian)池還(huan)剩多少電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)了。

三、干電池電壓低于多少伏就不能用了

干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)會隨著使(shi)用時間(jian)的(de)增加(jia)不(bu)斷下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)，下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)到一定程度就(jiu)不(bu)能用了，一般情況下(xia)(xia)，干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降(jiang)至1.0V ~ 1.2V時，就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)視為干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)即將沒電(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)時的(de)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)已經不(bu)能滿(man)足(zu)大部分電(dian)(dian)子設備(bei)的(de)工作(zuo)需(xu)求，需(xu)要(yao)更換干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。