一、一節干電池的電壓是多少伏

干電池是一種伏打電池，常用作手電筒照明、收音機等的電源，干電池電(dian)(dian)壓是干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)性能(neng)的(de)重要性能(neng)指標之一(yi)，它表示(shi)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在一(yi)定狀(zhuang)態下電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)兩端的(de)電(dian)(dian)勢差，一(yi)般干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓有三種：

1、標準電壓

又稱額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，指電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)正負極材料因化(hua)學反應而造(zao)成的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)差，由此產(chan)生的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值。干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)標準電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為1.5V。

普(pu)通干(gan)電(dian)池內部的(de)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)電(dian)解(jie)液反應的(de)激烈程度只能(neng)達到使電(dian)池發揮出約(yue)1.5V的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)水(shui)平。這(zhe)個電(dian)壓(ya)跟化(hua)學(xue)(xue)離(li)子化(hua)傾向(xiang)有關，也就(jiu)是說跟陰極(ji)和(he)陽極(ji)材(cai)料有關，鋅跟碳棒在(zai)電(dian)解(jie)液中產生的(de)電(dian)勢就(jiu)是大約(yue)1.5伏特。

2、開路電壓

指(zhi)電(dian)(dian)池在非工(gong)作狀(zhuang)態(tai)下即電(dian)(dian)路中無電(dian)(dian)流流過時，電(dian)(dian)池正負極之間(jian)的電(dian)(dian)勢差。干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池滿電(dian)(dian)時的開路電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為1.65~1.725V。

3、工作電壓

又稱端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，是指電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)(zai)工作狀(zhuang)態下即電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中有電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過時電(dian)(dian)(dian)池正負極之(zhi)間的電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢(shi)差。在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)(dian)工作狀(zhuang)態下，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)池內部時，需(xu)克服電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的內阻(zu)所造成阻(zu)力，故工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓總(zong)是低于開(kai)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時則(ze)與之(zhi)相反。

二、怎么測量干電池的電壓

選定一個適當的(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)阻并(bing)(bing)聯在電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)負(fu)(fu)極間(jian)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)跟剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)量存在某種(zhong)已知關系，所以根據電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容量及用(yong)途,再測量電(dian)(dian)阻兩端電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，看此時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在帶負(fu)(fu)荷時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較空載(zai)(zai)時(shi)(shi)下(xia)降程度，就可以判斷電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量；不過前提(ti)條件是(shi)不施(shi)加(jia)任何負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)，加(jia)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)后，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)會(hui)因(yin)為(wei)內(nei)部(bu)阻抗引起壓(ya)降失真，并(bing)(bing)隨時(shi)(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)推移以不同速率逐漸(jian)降低(di)，并(bing)(bing)且在去除負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)后逐漸(jian)升高。因(yin)此如果施(shi)加(jia)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)話(hua)，會(hui)影響干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)測結果。

萬(wan)(wan)用表也(ye)可以準確測(ce)量(liang)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，通(tong)過測(ce)量(liang)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)高低(di)，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)進行判(pan)斷，如(ru)果測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)小(xiao)于干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)標注(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時，說(shuo)明干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)是充足(zu)的(de)(de)；小(xiao)于干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)標注(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)多，說(shuo)明干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越(yue)多，由于型號的(de)(de)不(bu)同干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)檢測(ce)結果會受到影響，但(dan)是對(dui)單節干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)來說(shuo)，只要使(shi)用是普(pu)通(tong)指(zhi)針式(shi)萬(wan)(wan)能表，將萬(wan)(wan)能表選最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流檔(dang)（0.5A-1A），負(fu)表筆(bi)接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)負(fu)極，正表筆(bi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)正極上迅速碰(peng)一下，注(zhu)意觀(guan)察表針運動（短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流）情況(kuang)，便(bian)知道電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)還剩多少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)了。

三、干電池電壓低于多少伏就不能用了

干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)壓會隨著使用時間的(de)增加不(bu)斷(duan)下降(jiang)，下降(jiang)到一(yi)定程度就(jiu)不(bu)能用了(le)，一(yi)般情況下，干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)壓降(jiang)至1.0V ~ 1.2V時，就(jiu)可(ke)以視為干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)即將沒電(dian)，這時的(de)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)已經不(bu)能滿足大(da)部(bu)分電(dian)子設備的(de)工作需求，需要更換干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。