一、壓縮空氣儲能原理是什么

壓(ya)(ya)縮空氣(qi)儲(chu)能主要利用電網負荷低(di)谷時的剩余(yu)電力壓(ya)(ya)縮空氣(qi)，并將其儲(chu)藏在(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)密(mi)封設(she)施內，在(zai)用電高峰釋放出來(lai)驅動(dong)燃(ran)氣(qi)輪(lun)機發電，壓(ya)(ya)縮空氣(qi)儲(chu)能原(yuan)理如(ru)下：

壓縮空氣儲能是利(li)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)負(fu)荷低(di)(di)谷時(shi)的(de)(de)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)帶動空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機(ji)(ji)(ji)，將(jiang)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)入作為儲(chu)(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室的(de)(de)密(mi)閉大容量(liang)地(di)下空(kong)(kong)間，即將(jiang)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)儲(chu)(chu)存(cun)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉化成(cheng)可(ke)儲(chu)(chu)存(cun)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)勢能(neng)并儲(chu)(chu)存(cun)于貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室中(zhong)。當(dang)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不(bu)(bu)足時(shi)，將(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)經換(huan)熱(re)器與(yu)油或天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)混(hun)合(he)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)，導入燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)做(zuo)功發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，滿(man)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)調峰(feng)需要。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)、貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室等(deng)組成(cheng)的(de)(de)蓄(xu)能(neng)子(zi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站低(di)(di)谷的(de)(de)低(di)(di)價(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)通(tong)過(guo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)儲(chu)(chu)存(cun)在巖穴、廢棄礦井等(deng)貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室中(zhong)，蓄(xu)能(neng)時(shi)通(tong)過(guo)聯軸器將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)耦合(he)，與(yu)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)解耦合(he)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)高峰(feng)負(fu)荷時(shi)，利(li)用(yong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)驅動燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)室以及加熱(re)器等(deng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)耦合(he)，與(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)解耦合(he)。

二、壓縮空氣儲能優缺點有哪些

1、壓縮空氣儲能(neng)(neng)主要優勢是規模大(da)、壽(shou)命長、成本較低和(he)儲能(neng)(neng)時間(jian)長。它(ta)的規模可(ke)以達到百兆瓦(wa)級以上(shang)，儲能(neng)(neng)時間(jian)可(ke)達4—10小時，甚至(zhi)更(geng)長。由(you)于(yu)都是機械裝(zhuang)置，正常維(wei)護(hu)情況下(xia)壽(shou)命可(ke)達30—50年(nian)。

2、壓縮空氣儲能劣勢在(zai)于：

（1）目(mu)前壓縮(suo)空氣儲能(neng)的效(xiao)率(lv)約(yue)為70%，與效(xiao)率(lv)較高的電池（85%—90%）相比相對較低。

（2）響應速度沒有電(dian)化(hua)學儲能快(kuai)，負荷從0到(dao)100%的正(zheng)常響應時間需要3—9分(fen)鐘，而電(dian)化(hua)學儲能為秒級到(dao)毫秒級。壓縮(suo)空氣儲能系統只有作為旋轉備用時才可以達到(dao)秒級。

（3）一(yi)般情況下不適合太小規(gui)模的應用場(chang)景，規(gui)模太小，系統效(xiao)率會下降，單位成(cheng)本會增(zeng)加。