小麥免耕播種機使用中應(ying)注意的問題

小麥(mai)免耕(geng)(geng)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)保護性(xing)耕(geng)(geng)作(zuo)的核(he)心(xin)技術，小麥(mai)免耕(geng)(geng)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)是(shi)保護性(xing)耕(geng)(geng)作(zuo)的關鍵機(ji)(ji)具，它(ta)與常規(gui)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)在構造、原(yuan)理、性(xing)能等方面(mian)有很大(da)不同，正確使用免耕(geng)(geng)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)應(ying)特別注(zhu)意以下幾方面(mian)問題。

一(yi)、機(ji)具(ju)安裝(zhuang)時傳(chuan)動萬向(xiang)節(jie)(jie)和組(zu)合旋(xuan)耕(geng)刀位(wei)置要正確。萬向(xiang)節(jie)(jie)安裝(zhuang)后(hou)，兩(liang)頭(tou)花鍵(jian)節(jie)(jie)叉應在同一(yi)個平面內，方軸與方管不(bu)能頂死。否則，機(ji)具(ju)升降(jiang)、轉動不(bu)靈活(huo)，加(jia)大震動、減少壽(shou)命(ming)。播(bo)種苗帶旋(xuan)耕(geng)刀由彎(wan)刀和直刀組(zu)成，安裝(zhuang)時彎(wan)刀要向(xiang)內彎(wan)曲，保證(zheng)作(zuo)業(ye)時把秸(jie)稈拋到壟間，播(bo)種溝內基本無長秸(jie)稈，為小麥出苗發育(yu)創造良好條件。

二(er)、作業時(shi)要注意起(qi)步(bu)和地頭機具(ju)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)操作得(de)當。作業起(qi)步(bu)時(shi)，旋耕刀離地，結合(he)動力(li)，待空轉(zhuan)達到(dao)一定速度(du)后(hou)，再(zai)掛擋起(qi)步(bu)，同時(shi)緩慢(man)降落(luo)機具(ju)逐漸入土，直至正常(chang)作業。到(dao)地頭轉(zhuan)彎(wan)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)機具(ju)時(shi)，不得(de)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)過(guo)高(gao)，萬向節(jie)與(yu)動力(li)輸出軸夾角不得(de)大(da)于(yu)25度(du)，若必須提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)要切斷動力(li)。否(fou)則，容(rong)易(yi)損(sun)壞機件。

三、免(mian)耕(geng)(geng)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)要(yao)適當加大播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)量和播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)深(shen)度。小麥免(mian)耕(geng)(geng)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)，因為播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)苗(miao)帶土壤中(zhong)混有較多秸稈(gan)，種(zhong)床條件不如常規(gui)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)的好，為保(bao)證小麥出苗(miao)發育生長(chang)，免(mian)耕(geng)(geng)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)小麥播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)量要(yao)比常規(gui)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)多１－１.５ｋｇ，播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)深(shen)度要(yao)深(shen)１－２ｃｍ。

四、要保(bao)(bao)證播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)帶寬(kuan)度(du)。免耕播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)麥的(de)行(xing)距和(he)苗帶都比常(chang)規(gui)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寬(kuan)，行(xing)距一般在(zai)２５ｃｍ左(zuo)右(you)(you)，苗帶１２ｃｍ左(zuo)右(you)(you)。小(xiao)麥既能保(bao)(bao)證良好(hao)的(de)通風(feng)透光(guang)條(tiao)件，又能保(bao)(bao)證畝株數。作(zuo)業中(zhong)，播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)器播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寬(kuan)度(du)往往達不(bu)到(dao)要求。因此(ci)，作(zuo)業時是(shi)要經(jing)常(chang)清理播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)舌(she)粘土，保(bao)(bao)持(chi)舌(she)面種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)導流槽(cao)清潔，保(bao)(bao)證種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)帶寬(kuan)度(du)和(he)播(bo)(bo)(bo)撒均(jun)勻(yun)。

五、要有(you)適當(dang)鎮壓(ya)強度。為解(jie)決小(xiao)麥(mai)免(mian)耕播種苗床(chuang)秸稈較(jiao)多，易(yi)透(tou)氣，不(bu)易(yi)保墑的問題(ti)，免(mian)耕播種機設(she)置了鎮壓(ya)器。播種作業(ye)時，要根(gen)據(ju)土(tu)壤墑情調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)鎮壓(ya)強度。可通(tong)過(guo)改變(bian)鎮壓(ya)輪兩側搖臂上(shang)限位(wei)銷的位(wei)置，調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)壓(ya)力，上(shang)限位(wei)銷下移越多，鎮壓(ya)力越大。