藥肥混用要點
根據水溶液的酸堿度(du),農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)可分為中(zhong)性(xing)、酸性(xing)、堿性(xing)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)。堿性(xing)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)包(bao)括石硫(liu)合(he)劑(ji)、波爾多液、松脂合(he)劑(ji)、石灰等(deng)(deng);酸性(xing)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)包(bao)括硫(liu)酸銅、硫(liu)酸鋇、硫(liu)酸鋅、馬拉硫(liu)磷(lin)等(deng)(deng);中(zhong)性(xing)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)較多,大(da)多數(shu)化學合(he)成農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)、植物(wu)性(xing)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)、微生物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)等(deng)(deng)都是中(zhong)性(xing)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)。
一般來說,堿性農藥(yao)應(ying)單獨(du)使(shi)用(yong),但有(you)時(shi)也可(ke)(ke)與(yu)其他堿性物質混(hun)(hun)用(yong),如(ru)(ru):敵百蟲(chong)與(yu)肥皂(zao)混(hun)(hun)用(yong),藥(yao)效可(ke)(ke)以提高。酸(suan)(suan)(suan)性農藥(yao)之間,中(zhong)性農藥(yao)之間,中(zhong)性農藥(yao)與(yu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)性農藥(yao)之間多可(ke)(ke)混(hun)(hun)用(yong),但也不是(shi)都可(ke)(ke)以混(hun)(hun)用(yong)。混(hun)(hun)用(yong)時(shi)應(ying)以不提高農藥(yao)對人(ren)畜毒性為原則。部分(fen)農藥(yao)如(ru)(ru)甲(jia)基托布津(甲(jia)基硫(liu)菌靈(ling))不能與(yu)銅(tong)制劑,如(ru)(ru)硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)銅(tong)、波爾多液、可(ke)(ke)殺得、科博(bo)甲(jia)霜銅(tong)、綠(lv)得保、綠(lv)乳銅(tong)、病毒A、病毒克星(xing)、醋酸(suan)(suan)(suan)銅(tong)及其制劑等(deng)混(hun)(hun)用(yong)。
化肥按其水(shui)溶液的酸(suan)堿(jian)度(du),可(ke)分為堿(jian)性(xing)、酸(suan)性(xing)、中(zhong)性(xing)三類。堿(jian)性(xing)肥料(liao)包(bao)括氨水(shui)、碳銨、鈣(gai)鎂磷(lin)(lin)等(deng)(deng)。酸(suan)性(xing)肥料(liao)包(bao)括硫酸(suan)銨、氯(lv)化銨、硝酸(suan)銨、普鈣(gai)、磷(lin)(lin)酸(suan)二(er)氫鉀等(deng)(deng);中(zhong)性(xing)肥料(liao)主要有尿素、硫酸(suan)鉀、氯(lv)化鉀、硝酸(suan)鉀等(deng)(deng)。
堿性(xing)(xing)肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)應單(dan)獨使用(yong)(yong)(yong),但(dan)有(you)時(shi)也可(ke)以與某(mou)些化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)隨混(hun)隨用(yong)(yong)(yong),如碳銨與硫酸銨混(hun)合施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong),但(dan)不能久放;酸性(xing)(xing)農(nong)藥、化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)均(jun)可(ke)與中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)混(hun)用(yong)(yong)(yong);中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)農(nong)藥、化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)也可(ke)以混(hun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。
含(han)氯(lv)化(hua)肥不(bu)能用于忌氯(lv)作(zuo)物上,如煙草、茶葉等,否則會對作(zuo)物造成(cheng)傷害或影響產品品質。氯(lv)化(hua)鉀、氯(lv)化(hua)銨及其復(fu)合混劑就是含(han)氯(lv)化(hua)肥,購用時應(ying)特別注(zhu)意。鑒(jian)于農(nong)藥化(hua)肥品種極多,這(zhe)里(li)不(bu)能一一列舉,建議農(nong)民朋友(you)混用時應(ying)向當地農(nong)業技術部門咨詢,以免出現失誤。
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