一、電滲析設備的工作原理是什么
電滲析(xi)設(she)備(bei)是用(yong)于使溶質(zhi)和溶液分離的設(she)備(bei),是脫鹽(yan)工藝(yi)中的一個單元,那么(me)電滲析(xi)設(she)備(bei)的原理是什(shen)么(me)呢?
電(dian)(dian)滲析設備(bei)由離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)換膜、隔板(ban)、電(dian)(dian)極和(he)(he)壓緊裝(zhuang)置四部(bu)分組(zu)成,工(gong)作(zuo)時,陰、陽(yang)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)換膜交(jiao)替排列于(yu)正負(fu)電(dian)(dian)極之間,并用特制的隔板(ban)將其隔開,組(zu)成除鹽(淡化)和(he)(he)濃(nong)(nong)縮(suo)兩個系統,在直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)場作(zuo)用下,以(yi)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)差為動力,利用離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)換膜的選擇透過(guo)(guo)(guo)性(陽(yang)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)換膜只允許陽(yang)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo),阻擋陰離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo),陰離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)換膜只允許陰離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)),把電(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)從(cong)溶(rong)液中(zhong)分離(li)(li)(li)出來(lai),從(cong)而實現溶(rong)液的濃(nong)(nong)縮(suo)、淡化、精制和(he)(he)提純。
二、電滲析器工作過程
電滲析器利用離子(zi)膜的(de)選擇(ze)通過性原(yuan)理實現滲析處理,其具(ju)體(ti)的(de)工(gong)作過程是:
電(dian)(dian)滲(shen)析器(qi)在直流電(dian)(dian)場的作(zuo)用下,通過(guo)(guo)隔(ge)板的水(shui)中電(dian)(dian)介質離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)發生定向(xiang)移(yi)動,由于交換膜(mo)(mo)對離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)具有選擇(ze)性。EDI電(dian)(dian)滲(shen)析器(qi)的一對電(dian)(dian)極之間,由陰(yin)膜(mo)(mo),陽(yang)膜(mo)(mo)和(he)(he)隔(ge)板(甲、乙)多組交替排列(lie),構成(cheng)(cheng)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)室(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)淡室(shi)(shi)(即陽(yang)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)可透(tou)過(guo)(guo)陽(yang)膜(mo)(mo),陰(yin)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)可透(tou)過(guo)(guo)陰(yin)膜(mo)(mo))。淡室(shi)(shi)水(shui)中陽(yang)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)向(xiang)負極遷(qian)(qian)移(yi)透(tou)過(guo)(guo)陽(yang)膜(mo)(mo),被濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)室(shi)(shi)中的陰(yin)膜(mo)(mo)截留;水(shui)中陰(yin)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)向(xiang)正(zheng)極方(fang)向(xiang)遷(qian)(qian)移(yi)陰(yin)膜(mo)(mo),被濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)室(shi)(shi)中的陽(yang)膜(mo)(mo)截留,這樣通過(guo)(guo)淡室(shi)(shi)的水(shui)中離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)數逐漸(jian)減少,成(cheng)(cheng)為淡水(shui),而濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)室(shi)(shi)的水(shui)中,由于濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)室(shi)(shi)的陰(yin)陽(yang)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)不(bu)斷(duan)涌(yong)進,電(dian)(dian)介質離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度不(bu)斷(duan)升高,而成(cheng)(cheng)為濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)水(shui),從(cong)而達(da)到淡化,提純,濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)縮或精制(zhi)的目的。
三、電滲析器為什么要分級分段
電滲析器中,一對正(zheng)負電極問的(de)膜堆稱為一級通道,具有同(tong)一水流(liu)方(fang)向的(de)兩組或兩組以上(shang)并(bing)聯(指水流(liu)并(bing)聯)膜堆稱一段(duan)。電滲析器由幾十(shi)到幾百個膜堆組成,通常(chang)分為多級多段(duan),那么(me)電滲析器分級分段(duan)的(de)原因是什么(me)呢(ni)?
1、分級的原因
電滲析設備分級,主要(yao)是為了(le)降低工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)壓,因(yin)電(dian)(dian)極間膜對(dui)多時電(dian)(dian)壓差大,所以理論(lun)上(shang)一對(dui)電(dian)(dian)極間可設置無數對(dui)膜,實際操作(zuo)時為控制電(dian)(dian)壓不(bu)要(yao)太高,膜堆只有(you)一定數目。
2、分段的原因
電滲析裝置分段(duan),則主要(yao)是為了加長水的(de)流程長度,提高(gao)水純度,即(ji)提高(gao)水質。