一、什么是電子簽名
電子簽名是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)數(shu)據(ju)電文(wen)中以(yi)電子形式所含、所附用于(yu)識(shi)(shi)別簽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)人身(shen)份(fen)并表明簽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)人認可(ke)其中內(nei)容的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)。通俗點說,電子簽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)通過密碼技(ji)術(shu)對(dui)電子文(wen)檔的(de)(de)(de)電子形式的(de)(de)(de)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming),并非(fei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)書面(mian)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)圖像(xiang)化,它類似(si)于(yu)手(shou)寫簽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)或印章,也可(ke)以(yi)說它就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)電子印章。凡是(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)在電子通訊中,起到證(zheng)明當(dang)事人的(de)(de)(de)身(shen)份(fen)、證(zheng)明當(dang)事人對(dui)文(wen)件內(nei)容的(de)(de)(de)認可(ke)的(de)(de)(de)電子技(ji)術(shu)手(shou)段(duan),都(dou)可(ke)被稱為電子簽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。實現電子簽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)手(shou)段(duan)有(you)很多種,常見的(de)(de)(de)電子簽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)形式有(you):手(shou)寫簽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)或印章的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)化圖像(xiang)、采用生物識(shi)(shi)別數(shu)據(ju)(如虹(hong)膜、指(zhi)紋)、基于(yu)公(gong)鑰密碼技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)等。
二、什么是數字簽名
數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名,又稱(cheng)公(gong)鑰(yao)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名,是只有(you)信息的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)送者才能(neng)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)別(bie)人(ren)無法(fa)偽(wei)造的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)段數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)串,這段數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)串同時也是對(dui)信息的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)送者發(fa)送信息真實性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)有(you)效證明(ming)。它是一(yi)種類似寫在紙上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)普通的(de)(de)(de)(de)物理簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名,但是在使用(yong)了公(gong)鑰(yao)加(jia)密領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術來實現的(de)(de)(de)(de),用(yong)于(yu)鑒(jian)別(bie)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)信息的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)。一(yi)套數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名通常(chang)定義兩種互補的(de)(de)(de)(de)運算(suan),一(yi)個(ge)用(yong)于(yu)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名,另一(yi)個(ge)用(yong)于(yu)驗證。數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名是非對(dui)稱(cheng)密鑰(yao)加(jia)密技術與數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)摘要技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)。
三、電子簽名和數字簽名的區別
很多人認為“電子簽名=數字簽名”,這是錯誤的。數(shu)(shu)字簽(qian)名是(shi)(shi)電子(zi)簽(qian)名技術(shu)的一種,也是(shi)(shi)目(mu)前比(bi)較成熟且全球應用最為普遍的電子(zi)簽(qian)名技術(shu)。大多數(shu)(shu)應用場(chang)景提到的電子(zi)簽(qian)名,實際(ji)指的就是(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)字簽(qian)名。數(shu)(shu)字簽(qian)名提供了比(bi)電子簽名基本(ben)要求(qiu)更高的(de)功能(neng)。
其實(shi)數字簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名和(he)電子簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名不是完全分割的兩個概念(nian)。嚴(yan)格(ge)意義上來說,數字簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名指的是一(yi)種技術(shu)手段(duan),而電子簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名則(ze)是一(yi)種法律概念(nian)。所以從某個角(jiao)度來看,電子簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名是數字簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名的一(yi)種表現形(xing)式。
由于是(shi)一種(zhong)技術,數字簽名的(de)(de)使用范圍更廣(guang),事(shi)實上,和(he)互聯(lian)網有(you)關的(de)(de)大部分需要加密的(de)(de)文(wen)件,都有(you)數字簽名的(de)(de)蹤跡所在。而在需要和(he)法律(lv)責(ze)任相關的(de)(de)領(ling)域內(nei),電子簽名的(de)(de)法律(lv)效(xiao)力顯(xian)然就更被(bei)需要。