質子交換膜燃料電池反應方程式

從本質(zhi)上說，PEMFC是電(dian)解(jie)水的一個「逆」裝置(zhi)。電(dian)解(jie)水過程是利用外加電(dian)源(yuan)使水發生(sheng)電(dian)解(jie)，從而(er)產生(sheng)氫和氧；然而(er)，燃料電(dian)池則是氫和氧發生(sheng)電(dian)化(hua)學(xue)反應(ying)產生(sheng)水，同時生(sheng)產出電(dian)的過程。

所以(yi)燃料電(dian)(dian)池的結構特征(zheng)與電(dian)(dian)解水裝(zhuang)置是(shi)如出一(yi)轍的，它主要由陽極、陰極、電(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)和外部電(dian)(dian)路組成。

PEMFC中(zhong)陽(yang)極(ji)為(wei)氫電極(ji)，陰(yin)極(ji)為(wei)氧電極(ji)，陰(yin)陽(yang)極(ji)都含有(you)一定量用(yong)來加(jia)速電極(ji)上發生(sheng)電化學反應的(de)催(cui)化劑，兩極(ji)之間以質子交換(huan)膜作為(wei)電解質。

當(dang)氫(qing)氣(qi)與氧氣(qi)分別(bie)通入(ru)陽(yang)極和(he)陰極時(shi)，進入(ru)陽(yang)極的(de)(de)氫(qing)氣(qi)在催化劑(ji)作(zuo)用下離化成(cheng)氫(qing)離子和(he)電(dian)(dian)子；電(dian)(dian)子經(jing)外電(dian)(dian)路轉移到陰極，氫(qing)離子則經(jing)質(zhi)子交(jiao)換膜(mo)到達陰極；陰極的(de)(de)氧氣(qi)與氫(qing)離子及電(dian)(dian)子反應生成(cheng)水分子，其中產(chan)生的(de)(de)水不(bu)會(hui)稀釋電(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)，卻是隨著尾氣(qi)通過電(dian)(dian)極排出。

因此，PEMFC的電(dian)化學反應(ying)為：2H2+O2→2H2O

該圖片由注冊用戶"橘子de殿堂"提供，版權聲明反饋

質子交換膜燃料電池的優點

1、發電過程不(bu)涉及氫氧燃燒，因而不(bu)受卡諾循環(huan)的限制，能量轉(zhuan)換率高。

2、發(fa)電時不(bu)產生(sheng)污染。

3、發(fa)電單元模塊(kuai)化，可靠性高，組(zu)裝和維修都很(hen)方(fang)便。

4、工作時(shi)沒有噪(zao)音。

質子交換膜燃料電池發展瓶頸

1、成本問題

PEMFC的成本(ben)問題是(shi)多方面(mian)引起的，首先，由于(yu)其工作(zuo)條件是(shi)強酸性環(huan)境，必須使用(yong)昂貴的Pt作(zuo)為催化劑；其次，現今使用(yong)較多的電解質(zhi)膜(mo)是(shi)性能(neng)好的商業Nafion膜(mo)，這(zhe)就極大提高了(le)PEMFC的生產成本(ben)。

2、氫源問題

PEMFC最理(li)想的燃料是純(chun)氫(qing)，但(dan)氫(qing)氣是最輕的氣體，其儲存和運輸不易。

3、壽命問題

目前(qian)很多實驗室研(yan)究PEMFC發現可達10000h，而(er)實際應用到汽車上時(shi)，其壽(shou)命直線(xian)縮減(jian)，使用壽(shou)命有(you)待提高。

質子交換膜燃料電池應用前景

質子交換膜燃料電池發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)作為新一(yi)代發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，其廣闊的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)前景(jing)可(ke)與計算機(ji)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)相媲美。經過多年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)基礎研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)與應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)開(kai)發(fa)，質(zhi)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)膜燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作汽車動力的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)已取(qu)得實質(zhi)性進展，微型質(zhi)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)膜燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)便攜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和小型質(zhi)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)膜燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)移(yi)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)已達到產品化程(cheng)度，中(zhong)(zhong)、大(da)功率質(zhi)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)膜燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)也取(qu)得了一(yi)定(ding)成(cheng)果。由(you)于質(zhi)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)膜燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統有(you)望成(cheng)為移(yi)動裝備(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)建(jian)筑物備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)發(fa)展方向，因(yin)此有(you)許多問題需要(yao)(yao)(yao)進行(xing)深(shen)入的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)。就備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統而言，除質(zhi)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)膜燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)單電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堆(dui)質(zhi)量、效(xiao)率和可(ke)靠(kao)性等基礎研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)外(wai)，其應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)包括適應(ying)(ying)各種環(huan)境需要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)集成(cheng)制(zhi)造(zao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)， 質(zhi)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)膜燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣輸出補(bu)償(chang)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力變換(huan)(huan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，質(zhi)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)膜燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)并聯運行(xing)與控制(zhi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)制(zhi)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)與儲氫(qing)(qing)(qing)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，適應(ying)(ying)環(huan)境要(yao)(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)空氣(氧氣)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，氫(qing)(qing)(qing)氣安全監控與排(pai)放技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，氫(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)基礎自動化設備(bei)(bei)與控制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統開(kai)發(fa)，建(jian)筑物采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)質(zhi)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)膜燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱聯產聯供(gong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統，以及質(zhi)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)膜燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)建(jian)設技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)等等。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)質(zhi)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)膜燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)將(jiang)大(da)大(da)提(ti)高重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)裝備(bei)(bei)及建(jian)筑電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣系(xi)(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)靠(kao)性，使重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)建(jian)筑物以市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)集中(zhong)(zhong)柴油電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)方式向市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與中(zhong)(zhong)、小型質(zhi)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)膜燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置、太(tai)陽能(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、風力發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等分散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)聯網備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)靈活發(fa)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統轉變，極大(da)地提(ti)高建(jian)筑物的(de)(de)(de)智能(neng)化程(cheng)度、節能(neng)水平和環(huan)保(bao)效(xiao)益。