質子交換膜燃料電池反應方程式

從本質上說，PEMFC是電(dian)(dian)解(jie)水的一(yi)個(ge)「逆」裝置。電(dian)(dian)解(jie)水過程是利用外加(jia)電(dian)(dian)源使水發生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)，從而(er)產(chan)生(sheng)氫和氧(yang)；然而(er)，燃料電(dian)(dian)池則是氫和氧(yang)發生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)化學反(fan)應產(chan)生(sheng)水，同(tong)時生(sheng)產(chan)出電(dian)(dian)的過程。

所以燃料電(dian)池的(de)結構特征與(yu)電(dian)解水裝置是如(ru)出一轍(che)的(de)，它(ta)主要由陽極、陰極、電(dian)解質和外部電(dian)路組(zu)成。

PEMFC中陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)氫電極(ji)(ji)，陰極(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)氧電極(ji)(ji)，陰陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)都含有一(yi)定量用來加速電極(ji)(ji)上(shang)發生電化(hua)(hua)學反應的催化(hua)(hua)劑，兩極(ji)(ji)之間以質(zhi)子(zi)交換膜作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)電解質(zhi)。

當氫氣(qi)與(yu)氧(yang)氣(qi)分(fen)別通入陽(yang)極(ji)和(he)陰(yin)極(ji)時，進入陽(yang)極(ji)的氫氣(qi)在催化劑作用下離化成(cheng)氫離子(zi)和(he)電子(zi)；電子(zi)經外電路轉移(yi)到陰(yin)極(ji)，氫離子(zi)則經質(zhi)子(zi)交換膜到達陰(yin)極(ji)；陰(yin)極(ji)的氧(yang)氣(qi)與(yu)氫離子(zi)及電子(zi)反(fan)應生成(cheng)水分(fen)子(zi)，其(qi)中(zhong)產生的水不會稀(xi)釋電解質(zhi)，卻(que)是隨(sui)著尾氣(qi)通過電極(ji)排出(chu)。

因(yin)此，PEMFC的電化學反(fan)應(ying)為：2H2+O2→2H2O

該圖片由注冊用戶"橘子de殿堂"提供，版權聲明反饋

質子交換膜燃料電池的優點

1、發電(dian)過程不涉及氫氧燃燒，因而不受卡(ka)諾循環(huan)的限制，能量(liang)轉換率高。

2、發電時(shi)不產生污染(ran)。

3、發電單元模塊化，可(ke)靠性高，組裝和維修都很方便。

4、工作時沒有噪音。

質子交換膜燃料電池發展瓶頸

1、成本問題

PEMFC的成本問(wen)題是多方面(mian)引起的，首先，由于(yu)其工(gong)作(zuo)條件是強酸性(xing)環境(jing)，必須使(shi)用昂(ang)貴的Pt作(zuo)為催化(hua)劑(ji)；其次，現今使(shi)用較多的電(dian)解(jie)質膜是性(xing)能好的商業(ye)Nafion膜，這就(jiu)極大(da)提高了PEMFC的生產(chan)成本。

2、氫源問題

PEMFC最(zui)理想的(de)燃(ran)料(liao)是純氫，但氫氣(qi)是最(zui)輕的(de)氣(qi)體(ti)，其儲存(cun)和運輸(shu)不(bu)易。

3、壽命問題

目前很(hen)多實(shi)驗(yan)室研究(jiu)PEMFC發現可達10000h，而實(shi)際應用到汽車上時(shi)，其壽(shou)命直線縮減，使用壽(shou)命有待提(ti)高。

質子交換膜燃料電池應用前景

質子交換膜燃料電池發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)作為新(xin)一代發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，其(qi)廣闊(kuo)的應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)前景可與計算機(ji)(ji)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)相(xiang)媲美。經過多年的基(ji)礎研究(jiu)與應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換膜(mo)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作汽車動(dong)力(li)(li)的研究(jiu)已(yi)取得實質(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)進展(zhan)，微型(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換膜(mo)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)便攜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)和(he)小(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換膜(mo)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)移動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)已(yi)達到產(chan)品化程(cheng)度(du)，中、大功(gong)率(lv)質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換膜(mo)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統的研究(jiu)也取得了一定成果。由于質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換膜(mo)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統有望(wang)成為移動(dong)裝備(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)和(he)重(zhong)要建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的主要發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)方(fang)向，因此有許(xu)多問題需(xu)要進行(xing)深入的研究(jiu)。就備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氫(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統而言，除(chu)質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換膜(mo)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)單電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堆質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)、效率(lv)和(he)可靠(kao)性(xing)等(deng)(deng)基(ji)礎研究(jiu)外，其(qi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)研究(jiu)主要包括(kuo)適應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)各種環(huan)境需(xu)要的發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)集成制(zhi)造技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)， 質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換膜(mo)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出補償與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)變換技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換膜(mo)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)并聯(lian)(lian)運行(xing)與控(kong)制(zhi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氫(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)制(zhi)氫(qing)與儲氫(qing)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，適應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)環(huan)境要求的空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(氧氣(qi)(qi)(qi))供應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，氫(qing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)安全監控(kong)與排放技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，氫(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)基(ji)礎自(zi)動(dong)化設備(bei)與控(kong)制(zhi)系統開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換膜(mo)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)氫(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱聯(lian)(lian)產(chan)聯(lian)(lian)供系統，以及質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換膜(mo)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)氫(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)建(jian)設技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換膜(mo)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)氫(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)將大大提(ti)高(gao)重(zhong)要裝備(bei)及建(jian)筑(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)系統的供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠(kao)性(xing)，使重(zhong)要建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)以市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)集中柴油電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的方(fang)式向市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與中、小(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換膜(mo)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置、太陽能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、風力(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)(deng)分散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)聯(lian)(lian)網備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的靈活發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統轉變，極(ji)大地提(ti)高(gao)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)的智(zhi)能(neng)化程(cheng)度(du)、節(jie)能(neng)水平和(he)環(huan)保(bao)效益。