質子交換膜燃料電池反應方程式

從本質上說，PEMFC是(shi)電解(jie)(jie)水(shui)的一個「逆」裝(zhuang)置。電解(jie)(jie)水(shui)過程是(shi)利用外加電源使(shi)水(shui)發生(sheng)電解(jie)(jie)，從而產(chan)生(sheng)氫和氧；然而，燃料電池則是(shi)氫和氧發生(sheng)電化學反應產(chan)生(sheng)水(shui)，同時生(sheng)產(chan)出電的過程。

所以燃料電(dian)池的(de)(de)結構特(te)征與電(dian)解水裝置是如出一轍的(de)(de)，它主要由陽(yang)極(ji)、陰極(ji)、電(dian)解質和外(wai)部電(dian)路組成。

PEMFC中陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)氫電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，陰極(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)氧電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，陰陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)都含有一定(ding)量用來(lai)加(jia)速電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)上發生電(dian)(dian)化(hua)學反應的催化(hua)劑(ji)，兩極(ji)(ji)之間以質(zhi)子交換(huan)膜作為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)。

當氫(qing)氣(qi)與(yu)氧(yang)氣(qi)分別(bie)通入(ru)陽極(ji)和陰極(ji)時(shi)，進入(ru)陽極(ji)的氫(qing)氣(qi)在催化劑作用下離(li)(li)化成氫(qing)離(li)(li)子和電(dian)(dian)子；電(dian)(dian)子經外(wai)電(dian)(dian)路轉移到陰極(ji)，氫(qing)離(li)(li)子則經質(zhi)子交換膜到達陰極(ji)；陰極(ji)的氧(yang)氣(qi)與(yu)氫(qing)離(li)(li)子及(ji)電(dian)(dian)子反應生(sheng)成水(shui)分子，其中產生(sheng)的水(shui)不會(hui)稀釋電(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)，卻是隨著(zhu)尾氣(qi)通過電(dian)(dian)極(ji)排出。

因此，PEMFC的電化學(xue)反應為：2H2+O2→2H2O

該圖片由注冊用戶"橘子de殿堂"提供，版權聲明反饋

質子交換膜燃料電池的優點

1、發電過程不涉及(ji)氫氧燃燒，因而不受卡諾循(xun)環的限制，能量(liang)轉換率高(gao)。

2、發電時不產生污染(ran)。

3、發(fa)電(dian)單(dan)元模(mo)塊化，可靠性高，組裝和維修都很方便。

4、工作時沒有噪(zao)音(yin)。

質子交換膜燃料電池發展瓶頸

1、成本問題

PEMFC的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本問題是(shi)多方面引(yin)起的(de)，首先，由于其(qi)工作條件是(shi)強酸性環境(jing)，必須使用(yong)昂貴(gui)的(de)Pt作為催化劑；其(qi)次，現(xian)今使用(yong)較多的(de)電解質膜(mo)是(shi)性能好的(de)商業Nafion膜(mo)，這就極大提高了PEMFC的(de)生產成(cheng)(cheng)本。

2、氫源問題

PEMFC最理想的(de)燃料是純氫(qing)，但(dan)氫(qing)氣(qi)是最輕的(de)氣(qi)體，其儲存和運輸不易。

3、壽命問題

目前很多(duo)實驗室研究PEMFC發(fa)現可達10000h，而實際應用到汽車上時，其(qi)壽(shou)命直線縮(suo)減，使用壽(shou)命有待提高。

質子交換膜燃料電池應用前景

質子交換膜燃料電池發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)作為(wei)新一代發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，其(qi)廣闊的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)前景可與(yu)計算機技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)相(xiang)媲美。經過多(duo)年的(de)(de)基礎(chu)(chu)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)與(yu)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)用(yong)(yong)作汽車動(dong)力(li)的(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)已取得實(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)進展，微(wei)型質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)便攜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和(he)(he)小型質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)移動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)已達到產(chan)(chan)品化(hua)程度，中、大功率質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)也取得了一定成果。由于(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)有望成為(wei)移動(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和(he)(he)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)建筑(zhu)物(wu)備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展方(fang)向(xiang)，因此(ci)有許多(duo)問(wen)題(ti)需要(yao)(yao)進行深入的(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)。就備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)而言，除質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)單電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堆質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)、效率和(he)(he)可靠性(xing)等(deng)基礎(chu)(chu)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)外，其(qi)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)主要(yao)(yao)包括適(shi)應(ying)(ying)各種環(huan)境(jing)需要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機集成制(zhi)造(zao)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)， 質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出補償與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)變換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)運(yun)行與(yu)控(kong)制(zhi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站制(zhi)氫(qing)與(yu)儲氫(qing)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，適(shi)應(ying)(ying)環(huan)境(jing)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)(氧氣(qi)(qi))供(gong)應(ying)(ying)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，氫(qing)氣(qi)(qi)安全(quan)監(jian)控(kong)與(yu)排放技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站基礎(chu)(chu)自動(dong)化(hua)設備(bei)(bei)與(yu)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，建筑(zhu)物(wu)采用(yong)(yong)質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)聯(lian)(lian)產(chan)(chan)聯(lian)(lian)供(gong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，以(yi)及質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站建設技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)等(deng)等(deng)。采用(yong)(yong)質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)將大大提(ti)高重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)及建筑(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠性(xing)，使重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)建筑(zhu)物(wu)以(yi)市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)集中柴油電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)方(fang)式向(xiang)市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)中、小型質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)、太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、風(feng)力(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)分(fen)散(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)聯(lian)(lian)網備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)靈活(huo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)轉變，極(ji)大地提(ti)高建筑(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)智能(neng)(neng)化(hua)程度、節能(neng)(neng)水(shui)平和(he)(he)環(huan)保效益。