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【泉州市概況】泉州行政區劃 地理環境 氣候特點 自然資源

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摘要:泉州,福建省下轄地級市,簡稱“鯉”,別名鯉城、刺桐城,位于福建省東南沿海,北承福州,南接廈門,東望寶島臺灣,地處低緯度,東臨海洋,屬亞熱帶海洋性季風氣候,氣候條件優越;總面積11015平方公里(含金門),轄四區、三市、五縣;2017年常住人口865萬。下面就從泉州行政區劃、天氣氣候、自然資源、地理位置等多方面為你介紹泉州市。

行政區劃


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泉州市截至2017年,轄鯉城區(qu)、豐(feng)澤(ze)區(qu)、洛(luo)江區(qu)、泉港區(qu)4個(ge)區(qu)及惠安縣(xian)、安溪縣(xian)、永春縣(xian)、德化縣(xian)、金門(men)縣(xian)(待統一)5個(ge)縣(xian),代管(guan)晉(jin)江市、石獅市、南安市3個(ge)縣(xian)級市。 市政府駐(zhu)地東(dong)海街道(dao)海星(xing)街市行政服務中心。

地理環境

位置境域

泉州位于東(dong)經117°25′—119°05′,北緯24°30′—25°56′,地(di)處(chu)福(fu)建省(sheng)東(dong)南沿海(hai)(hai)、臺灣海(hai)(hai)峽西(xi)岸,離(li)臺灣最(zui)近處(chu)僅距(ju)97海(hai)(hai)里,距(ju)金(jin)門最(zui)近處(chu)僅5.61海(hai)(hai)里,東(dong)西(xi)寬153千米(mi)(mi)(mi),南北長(chang)157千米(mi)(mi)(mi),陸(lu)(lu)域(yu)面積11014.78平方千米(mi)(mi)(mi)(包(bao)括金(jin)門島),約(yue)占(zhan)全省(sheng)陸(lu)(lu)地(di)面積的(de)9.08%。

地形地貌

泉州市大地(di)構造(zao)位于華(hua)南褶皺系的東(dong)(dong)南部,閩(min)東(dong)(dong)火(huo)山斷拗(ao)帶(dai)的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)南段(duan)。構造(zao)帶(dai)均呈(cheng)北東(dong)(dong)—南西方向(xiang)(xiang)展布(bu)(bu)。境(jing)內(nei)五分之(zhi)四以(yi)上的面(mian)積分布(bu)(bu)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生代火(huo)山巖(yan)系和侵(qin)入巖(yan),兩者(zhe)出(chu)露面(mian)積約(yue)各占(zhan)一(yi)半,從西北往東(dong)(dong)南侵(qin)入巖(yan)分布(bu)(bu)面(mian)積增多成(cheng)為(wei)主(zhu)體。閩(min)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大山帶(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)段(duan)戴(dai)云(yun)山脈主(zhu)干呈(cheng)北東(dong)(dong)—南西方向(xiang)(xiang)展布(bu)(bu),橫(heng)臥西北部德化境(jing)內(nei),規模龐大,主(zhu)峰海拔1856米,為(wei)福建省第二高(gao)峰。其支(zhi)脈和余(yu)脈向(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)(dong)南、南部綿延,地(di)勢西北高(gao),往東(dong)(dong)南呈(cheng)階梯狀(zhuang)下(xia)降(jiang),構成(cheng)由中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)低山向(xiang)(xiang)丘陵、臺地(di)至(zhi)平(ping)原遞變的多層狀(zhuang)地(di)形地(di)貌景觀。

氣候

泉州市(shi)地(di)(di)(di)處低緯(wei)度,東臨(lin)海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang),屬亞(ya)熱(re)(re)帶海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)性季(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)候(hou),氣(qi)候(hou)條件優越,氣(qi)候(hou)資源豐(feng)富。泉州市(shi)氣(qi)候(hou)有(you)3個基本(ben)特征:一是(shi)(shi)氣(qi)溫(wen)高(gao),光熱(re)(re)豐(feng)富。年(nian)(nian)(nian)太陽輻射總量(liang)為(wei)120~140千卡/平方厘米,大(da)部分地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均氣(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)19.5~21.0℃(僅西北部的(de)山區(qu)低于18℃),最(zui)熱(re)(re)月(yue)(yue)平均氣(qi)溫(wen)達26~29℃,最(zui)冷(leng)月(yue)(yue)也有(you)9~13℃。全年(nian)(nian)(nian)無霜期長,沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)基本(ben)無霜。≥10℃的(de)有(you)效積溫(wen)為(wei)5610~7250℃。年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數(shu)為(wei)1800~2200小時(shi)(shi)。二(er)是(shi)(shi)降(jiang)水(shui)充沛,但時(shi)(shi)空(kong)分布不均勻。全市(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)為(wei)1000~1800毫(hao)米,自東南部向西北部遞增,內陸(lu)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)比沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)多一倍左右。干、濕季(ji)甚為(wei)分明:3~9月(yue)(yue)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)占全年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)80%,為(wei)濕季(ji);10~2月(yue)(yue)僅占全年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)20%,為(wei)干季(ji)。降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)際(ji)間變化率大(da),少雨(yu)(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)份降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)不及多雨(yu)(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)份的(de)一半。三是(shi)(shi)季(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)顯著。冬半年(nian)(nian)(nian)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)受(shou)蒙古冷(leng)高(gao)壓楔(xie)控制,盛行偏(pian)北風(feng)(feng),氣(qi)溫(wen)低,干燥少雨(yu)(yu);夏半年(nian)(nian)(nian)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)受(shou)副熱(re)(re)帶高(gao)壓影響(xiang),盛行偏(pian)南風(feng)(feng),氣(qi)溫(wen)高(gao),濕潤多雨(yu)(yu)。

水文

泉州市境內(nei)溪(xi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)密布,發源于(yu)本市境內(nei)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域面積100平(ping)方千米(mi)以上的河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)有34條(tiao),總長度(du)(du)1549千米(mi),其中晉(jin)江水(shui)系(xi)15條(tiao),九(jiu)龍(long)江水(shui)系(xi)5條(tiao),閩江水(shui)系(xi)9條(tiao),單獨入(ru)海5條(tiao);流(liu)(liu)(liu)域面積50平(ping)方千米(mi)及以上河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)81條(tiao),總長度(du)(du)為2156千米(mi)。晉(jin)江、洛陽江為泉州市主要河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。

自然資源

泉州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)資源(yuan)豐富(fu),耕地(di)(di)(di)有(you)限。泉州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)境(jing)內(nei)溪流(liu)密布,發(fa)源(yuan)于(yu)本市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)境(jing)內(nei)流(liu)域(yu)面積100平(ping)(ping)方(fang)千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)河流(liu)有(you)34條(tiao),總(zong)(zong)長度1549千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi),其中(zhong)晉江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系15條(tiao),九(jiu)龍江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系5條(tiao),閩(min)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系9條(tiao),單獨入(ru)海5條(tiao);流(liu)域(yu)面積50平(ping)(ping)方(fang)千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)及(ji)以(yi)上(shang)河流(liu)81條(tiao),總(zong)(zong)長度為2156千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。晉江(jiang)、洛陽江(jiang)為泉州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要河流(liu),全市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)總(zong)(zong)量為96.13億(yi)立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。2017年(nian)(nian)全市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)年(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量為1242.6毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),比常年(nian)(nian)偏少327.1毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),比2016年(nian)(nian)少1074.5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。2017年(nian)(nian)全市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)量80.428億(yi)立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。2017年(nian)(nian)全市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)量23.684億(yi)立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。2017年(nian)(nian)全市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)總(zong)(zong)量80.598億(yi)立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),人均(jun)(jun)擁有(you)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)量為939立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。泉州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)已發(fa)現(xian)各類(lei)礦(kuang)產(chan)(chan)46種(zhong),地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)勘查探明(ming)資源(yuan)儲(chu)量的(de)礦(kuang)種(zhong)29種(zhong),其中(zhong):能源(yuan)礦(kuang)產(chan)(chan)2種(zhong),金(jin)屬(shu)礦(kuang)產(chan)(chan)8種(zhong),非金(jin)屬(shu)礦(kuang)產(chan)(chan)18種(zhong),水(shui)(shui)氣礦(kuang)產(chan)(chan)1種(zhong)。主(zhu)要礦(kuang)產(chan)(chan)包(bao)括:鐵、錳、銅、鉛、鋅(xin)、鉬、金(jin)、銀、煤、硫鐵礦(kuang)、水(shui)(shui)泥用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)灰巖(大理巖)、葉蠟(la)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、硅灰石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、明(ming)礬石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、螢石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(普通)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨、長石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、高嶺土(tu)、陶瓷(ci)土(tu)(瓷(ci)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))、伊利(li)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、水(shui)(shui)泥用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)粘土(tu)、建筑用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)花崗巖(凝灰巖)、飾面用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)及(ji)雕(diao)刻用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)輝綠巖(花崗巖、閃(shan)長巖)、冶金(jin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英、玻璃用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)砂(sha)(sha)、鑄型用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)砂(sha)(sha)、建筑用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)砂(sha)(sha)、地(di)(di)(di)熱、礦(kuang)泉水(shui)(shui)等。泉州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)有(you)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面積1099710公頃,其中(zhong)林業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)684719公頃,占全市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面積的(de)62.3%,森林覆蓋率59.14%。泉州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)野生動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)豐富(fu),記錄有(you)兩(liang)棲類(lei)2目7科(ke)32種(zhong),爬(pa)行類(lei)3目13科(ke)61種(zhong),鳥類(lei)19目51科(ke)260種(zhong),哺乳類(lei)6目14科(ke)32種(zhong);記錄有(you)野生維管(guan)束植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)212科(ke)903屬(shu)2201種(zhong)(包(bao)括逸生和歸(gui)化(hua)種(zhong)),其中(zhong)蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)42科(ke)84屬(shu)199種(zhong),裸子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)8科(ke)15屬(shu)20種(zhong),被子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)162科(ke)804屬(shu)1982種(zhong)。

歷史沿革

夏、商兩(liang)代(dai),地(di)(di)理(li)區劃屬(shu)揚州。西周,為(wei)七閩地(di)(di)。春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)末期(qi)至戰國初期(qi),屬(shu)越(yue)國地(di)(di)。太平興國五(wu)年(nian)(nian),因地(di)(di)遠期(qi)會(hui)輸(shu)納不(bu)便(bian),應(ying)楊海等之請,長泰縣(xian)(xian)(xian)析歸(gui)(gui)(gui)漳州。 雍正(zheng)十二年(nian)(nian)(1734),升永(yong)春(chun)(chun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)永(yong)春(chun)(chun)直隸州,劃德化縣(xian)(xian)(xian)并延平府(fu)大(da)田縣(xian)(xian)(xian)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)其轄理(li),隸福(fu)(fu)建行(xing)省。民(min)(min)國元年(nian)(nian)(1912),取(qu)消府(fu)、州、廳,實行(xing)省、道、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)三級地(di)(di)方(fang)政(zheng)(zheng)制,晉江、南安(an)(an)(an)(an)、同安(an)(an)(an)(an)、惠(hui)安(an)(an)(an)(an)、安(an)(an)(an)(an)溪、永(yong)春(chun)(chun)(民(min)(min)國2年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)廢州立縣(xian)(xian)(xian))、德化歸(gui)(gui)(gui)屬(shu)南路道(址(zhi)設廈(sha)門)。1949年(nian)(nian)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)24日(ri),福(fu)(fu)建省人民(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(省會(hui)福(fu)(fu)州)成立。8、9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)間,南安(an)(an)(an)(an)、永(yong)春(chun)(chun)、惠(hui)安(an)(an)(an)(an)、晉江、安(an)(an)(an)(an)溪相繼(ji)解放(fang)(fang)。9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue), 全省劃為(wei)八個(ge)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)督察區。公(gong)署設晉江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(今(jin)泉(quan)州市(shi)區)。10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)9日(ri),金(jin)門縣(xian)(xian)(xian)大(da)嶝島(dao)、小嶝島(dao)及角嶼解放(fang)(fang)。11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)24日(ri),德化解放(fang)(fang),歸(gui)(gui)(gui)入第(di)七行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)督察區(專署駐永(yong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian))。 2010年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)8日(ri),福(fu)(fu)建省人民(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)正(zheng)式批準設立泉(quan)州臺商投(tou)資區管理(li)委(wei)員會(hui),作為(wei)省政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)的派出機構,并賦予設區市(shi)的部分行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)管理(li)權限(xian)和先行(xing)先試的特殊政(zheng)(zheng)策,委(wei)托(tuo)泉(quan)州市(shi)委(wei)、市(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)管理(li)。

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