【線(xian)性元件(jian) 非線(xian)性元件(jian)】線(xian)性元件(jian)和非線(xian)性元件(jian)的區別 線(xian)性元件(jian)的特性

線性元件和非線性元件的區別

在金屬導體中電流跟電壓成正比，伏安特性曲線是通過坐標原點的直線，具有這種伏安特性的電學元件叫做線性元件。

對歐(ou)姆定律不適用的導體和器件，即電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不成正比的電(dian)(dian)(dian)學元(yuan)件叫做非線性(xing)(xing)元(yuan)件。非線性(xing)(xing)元(yuan)件是一種通過它的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流與加在它兩端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不成正比的電(dian)(dian)(dian)工材料(liao)，即它的阻(zu)值隨外界情況的變化而改(gai)變。

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當(dang)(dang)信(xin)號(hao)通(tong)過一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)元器件(jian)后，信(xin)號(hao)的(de)(de)波(bo)形沒(mei)有改(gai)變，我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)稱(cheng)之為(wei)(wei)線(xian)(xian)性(xing)器件(jian)；比(bi)如(ru)電(dian)(dian)阻，電(dian)(dian)容。當(dang)(dang)信(xin)號(hao)通(tong)過一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)元器件(jian)后，信(xin)號(hao)的(de)(de)波(bo)形被(bei)改(gai)變了，我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)稱(cheng)之為(wei)(wei)非線(xian)(xian)性(xing)器件(jian)；比(bi)如(ru)二極管，交(jiao)流信(xin)號(hao)通(tong)過它以后，只剩下半(ban)邊了。線(xian)(xian)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)與非線(xian)(xian)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)也是這樣；當(dang)(dang)信(xin)號(hao)通(tong)過一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)后，信(xin)號(hao)的(de)(de)波(bo)形沒(mei)有改(gai)變，我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)稱(cheng)之為(wei)(wei)線(xian)(xian)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)；當(dang)(dang)信(xin)號(hao)通(tong)過一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)后，信(xin)號(hao)的(de)(de)波(bo)形被(bei)改(gai)變了，我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)稱(cheng)之為(wei)(wei)非線(xian)(xian)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)。即輸入(ru)值(zhi)與輸出值(zhi)的(de)(de)函(han)數曲線(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)直線(xian)(xian)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)所說的(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)性(xing)；否(fou)則(ze)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是非線(xian)(xian)性(xing)。

線性元件的特性

金屬導體的電流跟電壓成正比，伏安特性曲線是通過坐標原點的直線，電壓與電流的比值叫做電阻，電阻是線性元件。電容和電感雖然不滿足歐姆定律，但其輸入量與輸出量有線性關系：對于電容滿足q=Cu，對于電感則有ψ=Li，這兩條是電容和電感最根本的定義，電容和電(dian)感也是線性(xing)元件(jian)。

輸入(ru)量和(he)輸出量沒有(you)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)關系的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)學元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)叫做非線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)。典型的(de)(de)(de)非線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)是(shi)(shi)二極(ji)管、三極(ji)管。求解含有(you)非線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)路(lu)問題(ti)通(tong)常有(you)特殊(shu)(shu)方(fang)(fang)法：在(zai)定性(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)中(zhong)，重點是(shi)(shi)掌(zhang)握理論上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)方(fang)(fang)法；而在(zai)定量計算中(zhong)，一(yi)般求出的(de)(de)(de)都只能是(shi)(shi)近(jin)似結果。分(fen)(fen)析(xi)二極(ji)管常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法是(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)導(dao)通(tong)和(he)關斷(duan)情況討論，分(fen)(fen)析(xi)三極(ji)管放大(da)電(dian)路(lu)也(ye)(ye)按(an)照三極(ji)管的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)狀態進行(xing)了放大(da)、飽和(he)、截(jie)止(zhi)、倒(dao)相四種(zhong)分(fen)(fen)類，這(zhe)種(zhong)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)思路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)質(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)段線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)化。小(xiao)(xiao)信(xin)號(hao)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)法也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)典型的(de)(de)(de)非線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)路(lu)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)方(fang)(fang)法之一(yi)，其本(ben)質(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)將(jiang)非線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)路(lu)在(zai)小(xiao)(xiao)信(xin)號(hao)這(zhe)種(zhong)特殊(shu)(shu)情況下進行(xing)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)化等效(xiao)。

線性元件和非線性元件如何區分

1、電學元件的制成材料并不是“線性元件和非線性元件”的決定因素。例如同樣是金屬材料制成的熱敏電阻、燈泡等(deng)都是非線性(xing)元件,而阻值幾乎不隨(sui)工作條件變(bian)化的標準電阻是線性(xing)元件。

2、滿足(zu)(zu)歐姆定律的(de)元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)一定是(shi)(shi)線(xian)性(xing)元(yuan)件(jian)。因(yin)為滿足(zu)(zu)歐姆定律的(de)元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)的(de)伏(fu)安特(te)性(xing)曲線(xian)一定是(shi)(shi)一條過(guo)坐標(biao)原點的(de)直(zhi)線(xian)。它的(de)制成(cheng)材(cai)(cai)料可(ke)(ke)以(yi)是(shi)(shi)金(jin)屬(shu)，也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液等等。但(dan)反過(guo)來說，并不是(shi)(shi)所有的(de)由金(jin)屬(shu)材(cai)(cai)料或電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液制成(cheng)的(de)元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)都是(shi)(shi)滿足(zu)(zu)歐姆定律的(de)線(xian)性(xing)元(yuan)件(jian)。